e20vf
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
Commission file number 1-32575
Royal Dutch Shell plc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
England and Wales
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organisation)
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR, The Hague, The Netherlands
Tel. no: 011 31 70 377 9111
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
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Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
American Depositary Receipts representing Class A ordinary shares of the
issuer of an aggregate nominal value 0.07 each
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New York Stock Exchange |
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American Depositary Receipts representing Class B ordinary shares of the
issuer of an aggregate nominal value of 0.07 each
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New York Stock Exchange |
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5.625% Guaranteed Notes due 2011
4.95% Guaranteed Notes due 2012
5.2% Guaranteed Notes due 2017
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New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act
None
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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common
stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. |
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Outstanding as of December 31, 2007:
3,486,221,746 RDS Class A ordinary shares of the nominal value of 0.07 each.
2,724,135,015 RDS Class B ordinary shares of the nominal value of 0.07 each. |
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act.
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þ Yes |
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o No |
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If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not
required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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o Yes
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þ No |
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Note Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those
Sections. |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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þ Yes
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o No |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer,
or a non-accelerated filer.
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See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act. (Check one): |
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Large accelerated filer þ
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o |
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Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial
statements included in this filing: |
U.S. GAAP
o International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
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Other o |
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If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which
financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
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Item 17 o |
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Item 18 o |
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If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
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o Yes
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þ No |
Copies of notices and communications from the Securities and Exchange Commission should be sent to:
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30
2596 HR, The Hague, The Netherlands
Attn: Mr. M. Brandjes
Delivery and growth
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007
Royal Dutch Shell
Our Business
With 104,000 employees in more than 110 countries and
territories, Shell plays a key role in helping to meet the
worlds growing demand for energy in economically,
environmentally and socially responsible ways.
Our Exploration & Production business searches for and
recovers oil and natural gas around the world. Many of these
activities are carried out as joint venture partnerships,
often with national oil companies.
Our Gas & Power business liquefies natural gas and transports
it to customers across the world. Its gas to liquids (GTL)
process turns natural gas into cleaner-burning synthetic fuel
and other products. It develops wind power to generate
electricity and invests in solar power technology. It also
licenses our coal gasification technology, a cleaner way of
turning coal into chemical feedstocks and energy.
Our Oil Sands business, the Athabasca Oil Sands Project,
extracts bitumen from oil sands in Alberta, western Canada and
converts it to synthetic crude oils.
Our Oil Products business makes, moves and sells a range of
petroleum-based products around the world for domestic,
industrial and transport use. Its Future Fuels and
CO2 business unit develops fuels such as
biofuels and hydrogen and synthetic fuels made from natural
gas (GTL Fuel) and potentially from biomass; and leads company-wide activities on CO2 management.
With 46,000 service stations, ours is the worlds
largest single-branded fuel retail network.
Our Chemicals business produces petrochemicals for
industrial customers. They include the raw materials for
plastics, coatings and detergents used in the manufacture
of textiles, medical supplies and computers.
About this Report
This Report combines the Annual Report and Accounts and
the Annual Report on Form 20-F (Report) for the year
ended December 31, 2007, for Royal Dutch Shell plc
(Royal Dutch Shell, the Company) and its
subsidiaries. It presents the Consolidated Financial
Statements of Royal Dutch Shell (pages 112-161) and the
Parent Company Financial Statements of Royal Dutch
Shell (pages 182-194). This Report complies with all
applicable UK regulations. This Report also includes
the disclosure included in the Annual Report on Form
20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC). Cross references to Form 20-F are set out on
page 2 of this Report.
In this Report Shell, Shell group and Royal Dutch
Shell are sometimes used for convenience where
references are made to Royal Dutch Shell and its
subsidiaries in general. Likewise, the words we,
us and our are also used to refer to subsidiaries
in general or to those who work for them. These
expressions are also used where no useful purpose is
served by identifying the particular company or
companies. Subsidiaries, Shell subsidiaries and
Shell companies as used in this Report refer to
companies in which Royal Dutch Shell either directly
or indirectly has control, by having either a majority
of the voting rights or the right to exercise a
controlling influence. The companies in which Shell
has significant influence but not control are referred
to as associated companies or associates and
companies in which Shell has joint control are
referred to as jointly controlled entities. In this
Report, associates and jointly controlled entities are
also referred to as equity-accounted investments.
The term Shell interest is used for convenience to
indicate the direct and/or indirect equity interest
held by Shell in a venture, partnership or company
(i.e., after exclusion of all third-party interests).
Except as otherwise specified, the figures shown in
the tables in this Report represent those in respect
of subsidiaries only, without deduction of minority
interests. However, where figures are given
specifically for oil production (net of royalties in
kind), natural gas production available for sale, and
both the refinery processing intake and total oil
product sales volumes, the term Shell share is used
for convenience to indicate not only the volumes to
which subsidiaries are entitled (without deduction in
respect of minority interests in subsidiaries) but
also the portion of the volumes of equity-accounted
investments to which Shell is entitled or which is
proportionate to the Shell interest in those
companies.
The Financial Statements contained in this Report have
been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the
Companies Act 1985, Article 4 of the International
Accounting Standards (IAS) Regulation and with both
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
as issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board (IASB) and IFRS as adopted by the European
Union. IFRS as defined above includes International
Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee
(IFRIC) interpretations.
Prior to the Shells date of transition to IFRS of
January 1, 2004 it prepared Consolidated Financial
Statements in accordance with US Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (US GAAP). Tables and
disclosure that provide data over a five-year period
show 2003 on a US GAAP basis.
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Royal Dutch
Shell and its subsidiaries have been prepared using
the carry-over basis to account for the Unification
(see page 3) and on the basis that the resulting
structure was in place throughout the periods
presented.
Except as otherwise noted, the figures shown in this
Report are stated in US dollars. As used herein all references to
dollars or $ are to the US currency.
The Operating and Financial Review (OFR) and other
sections of this Report contain forward-looking
statements concerning the financial condition, results
of operations and businesses of Royal Dutch Shell. All
statements other than statements of historical fact
are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements are statements
of future expectations that are based on managements
current expectations and assumptions and involve known
and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause
actual results, performance or events to differ
materially from those expressed or implied in these
statements. Forward-looking statements include, among
other things, statements concerning the potential
exposure of Royal Dutch Shell to market risks and
statements expressing managements expectations,
beliefs, estimates, forecasts, projections and
assumptions. These forward-looking statements are
identified by their use of terms and phrases such as
anticipate, believe, could, estimate,
expect, intend, may, plan, objectives,
outlook, probably, project, will, seek,
target, risks, goals, should and similar terms
and phrases. There are a number of factors that could
affect the future operations of Royal Dutch Shell and
could cause those results to differ materially from
those expressed in the forward-looking statements
included in this Report, including (without
limitation): (a) price fluctuations in crude oil and
natural gas; (b) changes in demand for Shells
products; (c) currency fluctuations; (d) drilling and
production results; (e) reserve estimates; (f) loss of
market and industry competition; (g) environmental and
physical risks; (h) risks associated with the
identification of suitable potential acquisition
properties and targets, and successful negotiation and
completion of such transactions; (i) the risk of doing
business in developing countries and countries subject
to international sanctions; (j) legislative, fiscal
and regulatory developments including potential
litigation and regulatory effects arising from
recategorisation of reserves; (k) economic and
financial market conditions in various countries and
regions; (l) political risks, including the risks of
expropriation and renegotiation of the terms of
contracts with governmental entities, delays or
advancements in the approval of projects and delays in
the reimbursement for shared costs; and (m) changes in
trading conditions. All forward-looking statements
contained in this Report are expressly qualified in
their entirety by the cautionary statements contained
or referred to in this section. Readers should not
place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the
date of this Report. Neither Royal Dutch Shell nor any
of its subsidiaries undertake any obligation to
publicly update or revise any forward-looking
statement as a result of new information, future
events or other information. In light of these risks,
results could differ materially from those stated,
implied or inferred from the forward-looking
statements contained in this Report.
This Report contains references to Shells website.
These references are for the readers convenience
only. Shell is not incorporating by reference any
information posted on www.shell.com.
DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
Documents concerning Royal Dutch Shell, or its
predecessors for reporting purposes, which are referred
to in this Report have been filed with the SEC and may
be examined and copied at the public reference facility
maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580,
Washington, D.C. 20549. For further information on the
operation of the public reference room and the copy
charges, please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. All of
the SEC filings made electronically by Shell are
available to the public at the SEC website at
www.sec.gov (commission file number 001-32575). This
Report, as well as the Annual Review, is also
available, free of charge, at
www.shell.com/annualreport or at the offices of Royal
Dutch Shell in The Hague, the Netherlands and London,
UK. You may also obtain copies of this Report, free of
charge, by mail.
ii Royal Dutch Shell plc
Cross Reference to Form 20-F
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PART I |
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PAGES |
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Item 1. |
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Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers |
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N/A |
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Item 2. |
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Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable |
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N/A |
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Item 3. |
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Key Information |
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A. |
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Selected financial data |
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4-5, 207 |
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B. |
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Capitalisation and indebtedness |
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N/A |
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C. |
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Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds |
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N/A |
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D. |
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Risk factors |
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13-15 |
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Item 4. |
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Information on the Company |
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A. |
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History and development of the company |
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4-5, 10, 17-18, 21-22,
29-33, 35-40, 42-43, 45-48, 55-57, 117, 174-175 |
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B. |
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Business overview |
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10-12, 16-61, 66-75, 163-170 |
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C. |
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Organisational structure |
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3, E2-E4 |
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D. |
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Property, plant and equipment |
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10-12, 16-58, 68-71 |
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Item 4A. |
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Unresolved Staff Comments |
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N/A |
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Item 5. |
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Operating and Financial Review and Prospects |
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A. |
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Operating results |
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4-5, 10-12, 16-61 |
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B. |
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Liquidity and capital resources |
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62-65 |
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C. |
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Research and development, patents and licences, etc. |
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22, 36, 42, 46, 55, 59, 82, 121, 126 |
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D. |
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Trend information |
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10-12, 16-21, 34-36, 41-42, 44-45, 54-55 |
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E. |
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Off-balance sheet arrangements |
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64 |
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F. |
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Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations |
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65 |
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G. |
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Safe harbour |
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Item 6. |
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Directors, Senior Management and Employees |
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A. |
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Directors and senior management |
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80-85, 175 |
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B. |
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Compensation |
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93, 95-98 |
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C. |
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Board practices |
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82-92 |
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D. |
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Employees |
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66-67 |
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E. |
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Share ownership |
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76-77, 83 |
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Item 7. |
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Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions |
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A. |
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Major shareholders |
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84, 173, 179 |
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B. |
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Related party transactions |
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83,134-135, 181, 203 |
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C. |
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Interests of experts and counsel |
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N/A |
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Item 8. |
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Financial Information |
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A. |
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Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information |
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50-52, 62, 110-161, 182-194, 195-203, 204-206 |
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B. |
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Significant Changes |
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82,161 |
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Item 9. |
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The Offer and Listing |
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A. |
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Offer and listing details |
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173, 204 |
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B. |
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Plan of distribution |
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N/A |
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C. |
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Markets |
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173, 204 |
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D. |
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Selling shareholders |
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N/A |
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E. |
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Dilution |
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N/A |
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F. |
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Expenses of the issue |
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N/A |
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Item 10. |
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Additional Information |
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A. |
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Share capital |
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N/A |
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B. |
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Memorandum and articles of association |
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86, 106-107, 174-181 |
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C. |
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Material contracts |
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84, 103-104 |
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D. |
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Exchange controls |
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180 |
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E. |
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Taxation |
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180-181 |
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F. |
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Dividends and paying agents |
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N/A |
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G. |
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Statement by experts |
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N/A |
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H. |
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Documents on display |
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ii |
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I. |
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Subsidiary Information |
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N/A |
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Item 11. |
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
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90-91, 120, 145-149, 171-172 |
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Item 12. |
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Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities |
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N/A |
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PART II |
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PAGES |
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Item 13. |
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Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies |
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N/A |
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Item 14. |
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Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds |
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N/A |
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Item 15. |
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Controls and Procedures |
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90-92 |
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Item 16. |
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[Reserved] |
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Item 16A. |
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Audit committee financial expert |
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87 |
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Item 16B. |
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Code of Ethics |
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86 |
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Item 16C. |
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Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
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77, 88, 158, 203 |
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Item 16D. |
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Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees |
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86 |
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Item 16E. |
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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers |
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64 |
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PART III |
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PAGES |
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Item 17. |
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Financial Statements |
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N/A |
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Item 18. |
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Financial Statements |
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111-161, 196-203 |
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Item 19. |
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Exhibits |
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208 |
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2 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Abbreviations
Listed below are the most common abbreviations used throughout this Report.
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UNITS OF MEASUREMENT |
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acre |
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approximately 0.4 hectares |
bcf/d
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billion cubic feet per day |
boe(/d)
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barrels of oil equivalent (per day) |
b/d
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barrels per day |
Btu
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British thermal units |
(k)dwt
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(thousand) deadweight tonnes |
mtpa
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million tonnes per annum |
MW
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megawatts |
scf
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standard cubic feet |
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PRODUCTS |
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BTX
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benzene, toluene, xylene |
GTL
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gas to liquids |
LNG
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liquefied natural gas |
LPG
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liquefied petroleum gas |
NGL
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natural gas liquids |
MEG
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mono-ethylene glycol |
PTT
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polytrimethylene terephthalate |
SM/PO
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styrene monomer/propylene oxide |
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MISCELLANEOUS |
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ADR
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American Depositary Receipt |
AGM
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Annual General Meeting |
CO2
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carbon dioxide |
EPC
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engineering, procurement and construction |
FEED
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front-end engineering design |
GHG
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greenhouse gas |
HSE
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health, safety and environment |
HSSE
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health, safety, security and environment |
IFRIC |
International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee |
IFRS
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International Financial Reporting Standards |
NGO
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non-governmental organisation |
NOC
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national oil company |
OFR
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Operating and Financial Review |
OPEC
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
PSA
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production-sharing agreement |
PSC
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production-sharing contract |
R&D
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research and development |
REMCO
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Remuneration Committee |
SEC
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United States Securities and Exchange Commission |
TRCF
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total recordable case frequency |
US GAAP |
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
USGC
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United States Gulf Coast |
WTI
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West Texas Intermediate |
Unification of Royal Dutch and Shell Transport
In 2005, Royal Dutch Shell plc (Royal Dutch Shell)
became the single parent company of Royal Dutch
Petroleum Company (Royal Dutch) and of The Shell
Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c. (Shell
Transport) the two former public parent companies of
the Group (the Unification).
Immediately after the Unification each former Royal
Dutch and Shell Transport shareholder who participated
in the Unification held the same economic interest in
Royal Dutch Shell as the shareholder held in the Group
immediately prior to implementation of the Unification.
Accordingly, the Unification has been accounted for
using a carry-over basis of the historical costs of the
assets and liabilities of Royal Dutch, Shell Transport
and the other companies comprising the Group.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 3
Selected financial data
The selected financial data set out below is derived,
in part, from the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The selected data should be read in conjunction with
the Consolidated Financial Statements and related
Notes, as well as the Operating and Financial Review
in this Report.
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared
in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International
Accounting Standard Board (IASB). Prior to 2004,
financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS
are not available. With effect from 2008, the usual five
years of selected financial data will be provided.
With effect from 2007, wind and solar activities, which
were previously reported within Other industry
segments, are reported within the Gas & Power segment
and Oil Sands activities, which were previously
reported within the Exploration & Production segment,
are reported as a separate segment. Prior period
financial statements have been reclassified
accordingly. During 2007, the hydrogen and CO2 coordination activities
were moved from Other industry segments to the Oil
Products segment and all other activities within Other
industry segments are now reported within the
Corporate segment.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA |
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$ million |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2005 |
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2004 |
Revenue |
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355,782 |
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318,845 |
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306,731 |
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266,386 |
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Income from continuing
operations |
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31,926 |
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26,311 |
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26,568 |
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19,491 |
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Income/(loss) from
discontinued
operations |
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(307 |
) |
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(234 |
) |
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Income for the period |
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31,926 |
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26,311 |
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26,261 |
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19,257 |
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Income attributable
to minority
interest |
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595 |
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869 |
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950 |
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717 |
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Income attributable
to shareholders of
Royal Dutch Shell plc |
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31,331 |
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25,442 |
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25,311 |
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18,540 |
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|
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Total assets |
|
|
269,470 |
|
|
|
235,276 |
|
|
|
219,516 |
|
|
|
187,446 |
|
Share capital |
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
604 |
|
Equity attributable to
shareholders
of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
123,960 |
|
|
|
105,726 |
|
|
|
90,924 |
|
|
|
86,070 |
|
|
|
|
Minority interest |
|
|
2,008 |
|
|
|
9,219 |
|
|
|
7,000 |
|
|
|
5,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAPITAL INVESTMENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Capital expenditure[A]: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
13,723 |
|
|
|
15,773 |
|
|
|
10,584 |
|
|
|
8,559 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
2,951 |
|
|
|
2,009 |
|
|
|
1,573 |
|
|
|
1,370 |
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
140 |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
3,671 |
|
|
|
3,363 |
|
|
|
2,810 |
|
|
|
2,761 |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
1,415 |
|
|
|
821 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
24,105 |
|
|
|
23,096 |
|
|
|
15,916 |
|
|
|
13,566 |
|
|
|
|
Exploration expenses (excluding
depreciation and release of
currency translation differences) |
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
|
949 |
|
|
|
815 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
New equity in equity-accounted
investments |
|
|
1,472 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
New loans to equity-accounted
investments |
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
377 |
|
|
|
|
Total capital investment* |
|
|
27,072 |
|
|
|
24,896 |
|
|
|
17,436 |
|
|
|
15,275 |
|
|
|
|
*comprising |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
15,919 |
|
|
|
17,079 |
|
|
|
11,772 |
|
|
|
9,569 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
3,532 |
|
|
|
2,351 |
|
|
|
1,656 |
|
|
|
1,652 |
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
3,856 |
|
|
|
3,457 |
|
|
|
2,844 |
|
|
|
2,823 |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
1,419 |
|
|
|
877 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
868 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
291 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
27,072 |
|
|
|
24,896 |
|
|
|
17,436 |
|
|
|
15,275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The difference between capital expenditure in
this table and capital expenditure in the adjacent
table (other consolidated data) relates to non-cash
effects from new finance leases, the acquisition of
assets with non-cash consideration and the
pre-funding of working capital within jointly
controlled assets. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS PER SHARE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Basic earnings per 0.07 ordinary share |
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
3.97 |
|
|
|
3.79 |
|
|
|
2.74 |
|
from continuing operations |
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
3.97 |
|
|
|
3.84 |
|
|
|
2.77 |
|
from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05 |
) |
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
Diluted earnings per 0.07 ordinary share |
|
|
4.99 |
|
|
|
3.95 |
|
|
|
3.78 |
|
|
|
2.74 |
|
from continuing operations |
|
|
4.99 |
|
|
|
3.95 |
|
|
|
3.83 |
|
|
|
2.77 |
|
from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05 |
) |
|
|
(0.03 |
) |
|
|
|
Basic weighted average number of Class A and B shares |
|
|
6,263,762,972 |
|
|
|
6,413,384,207 |
|
|
|
6,674,179,767 |
|
|
|
6,770,458,950 |
|
Diluted weighted average number of Class A and B
shares |
|
|
6,283,759,171 |
|
|
|
6,439,977,316 |
|
|
|
6,694,427,705 |
|
|
|
6,776,396,429 |
|
|
4 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
QUARTERLY INCOME DATA (unaudited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Quarter 1 |
|
|
Quarter 2 |
|
|
Quarter 3 |
|
|
Quarter 4 |
|
|
2007 Year |
|
|
Quarter 1 |
|
|
Quarter 2 |
|
|
Quarter 3 |
|
|
Quarter 4 |
|
|
2006 Year |
|
Revenue |
|
|
73,480 |
|
|
|
84,896 |
|
|
|
90,703 |
|
|
|
106,703 |
|
|
|
355,782 |
|
|
|
75,964 |
|
|
|
83,127 |
|
|
|
84,254 |
|
|
|
75,500 |
|
|
|
318,845 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
60,666 |
|
|
|
68,715 |
|
|
|
76,713 |
|
|
|
90,603 |
|
|
|
296,697 |
|
|
|
61,922 |
|
|
|
67,838 |
|
|
|
70,383 |
|
|
|
62,846 |
|
|
|
262,989 |
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
12,814 |
|
|
|
16,181 |
|
|
|
13,990 |
|
|
|
16,100 |
|
|
|
59,085 |
|
|
|
14,042 |
|
|
|
15,289 |
|
|
|
13,871 |
|
|
|
12,654 |
|
|
|
55,856 |
|
|
|
|
Selling, distribution
and administrative
expenses |
|
|
3,778 |
|
|
|
4,120 |
|
|
|
3,843 |
|
|
|
4,880 |
|
|
|
16,621 |
|
|
|
3,413 |
|
|
|
4,429 |
|
|
|
4,126 |
|
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
|
16,616 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
1,712 |
|
|
|
281 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
1,562 |
|
Share of profit of
equity-accounted
investments |
|
|
1,808 |
|
|
|
2,138 |
|
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
2,376 |
|
|
|
8,234 |
|
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
|
1,829 |
|
|
|
1,358 |
|
|
|
1,661 |
|
|
|
6,671 |
|
Interest and other income |
|
|
1,125 |
|
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
2,698 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
270 |
|
|
|
302 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
302 |
|
|
|
1,149 |
|
|
|
|
Income before taxation |
|
|
11,473 |
|
|
|
14,226 |
|
|
|
11,489 |
|
|
|
13,388 |
|
|
|
50,576 |
|
|
|
12,326 |
|
|
|
12,392 |
|
|
|
10,762 |
|
|
|
9,148 |
|
|
|
44,628 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
4,032 |
|
|
|
5,415 |
|
|
|
4,448 |
|
|
|
4,755 |
|
|
|
18,650 |
|
|
|
5,310 |
|
|
|
4,865 |
|
|
|
4,507 |
|
|
|
3,635 |
|
|
|
18,317 |
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
7,441 |
|
|
|
8,811 |
|
|
|
7,041 |
|
|
|
8,633 |
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
7,016 |
|
|
|
7,527 |
|
|
|
6,255 |
|
|
|
5,513 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to
minority interest |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
313 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to
shareholders |
|
|
7,281 |
|
|
|
8,667 |
|
|
|
6,916 |
|
|
|
8,467 |
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
6,893 |
|
|
|
7,324 |
|
|
|
5,942 |
|
|
|
5,283 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OTHER CONSOLIDATED DATA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Cash flow from
operating
activities |
|
|
34,461 |
|
|
|
31,696 |
|
|
|
30,113 |
|
|
|
26,537 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
24,576 |
|
|
|
22,922 |
|
|
|
15,904 |
|
|
|
13,566 |
|
Cash flow used in investing
activities |
|
|
14,570 |
|
|
|
20,861 |
|
|
|
8,761 |
|
|
|
5,964 |
|
Dividends paid |
|
|
9,204 |
|
|
|
8,431 |
|
|
|
10,849 |
|
|
|
7,655 |
|
Cash flow used in financing
activities |
|
|
19,393 |
|
|
|
13,741 |
|
|
|
18,573 |
|
|
|
13,592 |
|
Increase/(decrease) in
cash and
cash equivalents |
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
(2,728 |
) |
|
|
2,529 |
|
|
|
7,094 |
|
|
|
|
Income by segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration &
Production |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
13,577 |
|
|
|
9,522 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
|
1,774 |
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
|
|
7,597 |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
|
1,148 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
(1,085 |
) |
Minority interest |
|
|
(595 |
) |
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
(950 |
) |
|
|
(717 |
) |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
18,540 |
|
|
|
|
Gearing ratio[A] |
|
|
16.6 |
% |
|
|
14.8 |
% |
|
|
13.6 |
% |
|
|
17.5 |
% |
|
|
|
Dividends declared
$/share[B] |
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
1.27 |
|
|
|
1.13 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
See Note 19[D] to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 138. |
[B] |
|
From 2007 onwards, dividends are declared in US
dollars. 2005 and 2006 dividends were declared in euros
and translated, for comparison purposes, to US dollars
(based on the dollar dividend of American Depositary
Receipts converted to ordinary shares in the applicable
period). |
[C] |
|
Comprises Royal Dutch interim dividend of 0.75
made payable in September 2004 and a second interim
dividend of 1.04 made payable in March 2005 as well as
a Shell Transport interim dividend of 6.25 pence and a
second interim dividend of 10.7 pence that are used to
calculate the equivalent dividend on a Royal Dutch
Shell basis. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAPITALISATION TABLE |
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Total equity |
|
|
123,960 |
|
|
|
105,726 |
|
|
|
|
Short-term debt |
|
|
5,736 |
|
|
|
6,060 |
|
Long-term debt[A] |
|
|
9,659 |
|
|
|
7,005 |
|
|
|
|
Total debt[B] |
|
|
15,395 |
|
|
|
13,065 |
|
|
|
|
Total capitalisation |
|
|
139,355 |
|
|
|
118,791 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Long-term debt excludes $2.7 billion of certain tolling commitments (2006: $2.7 billion). |
[B] |
|
As of December 31, 2007, Shell had outstanding guarantees of $1.9 billion (2006: $2.8 billion), of
which $0.6 billion (2006: $2.0 billion) related to project financing. |
Royal
Dutch Shell plc 5
Chairmans message
It has been another dynamic year for the energy
industry, and it will be fascinating to see how it
develops in the years to come. There has been a
step-change in the worlds energy demand, along with
rising concern for the environmental impact of fossil
fuel use. Many wonder whether energy can be
affordable, clean and secure in the coming decades.
For Shell, three hard truths will determine our
business environment. Firstly: demand growth for
energy, driven by rising population and living
standards. Savings through energy efficiency will
help, but net demand growth will be very substantial.
Secondly: access to easy oil or gas is getting more
difficult. It is either already produced or not
easily open to international oil companies. Thirdly:
the increased use of
fossil fuels, especially coal, means emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)
will rise, making it essential to develop solutions
to tackle greenhouse gases. Energy from renewable
sources will grow, but it is typically more costly
than energy generated from fossil fuels.
In this business environment Shell has a strong
strategy based on technology, project management and
applying our experience in how to operate with
excellence in a responsible way. This enables us to
increase our focus on unconventionals, which offer
large potential resources but often in
environmentally sensitive places. We also continue
to focus on downstream refining, base chemicals,
clean coal technology and developing at least one
substantial business in renewable energy.
Shell has a clear long-term strategy, an ability to
use technology and innovation to find and produce
oil and gas sometimes in highly challenging
environments and to turn them into products that
are essential to our everyday lives. Technology and
good work practice, quite simply, are part of the
DNA of Shell people.
As Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell plc, I have visited
a number of our major projects and operations and
seen how we apply our strategy, technology and
imagination to meet the challenges I have described.
For example, our efforts to get the most from the
worlds abundant natural gas resources were clear
when I visited a North Sea gas production platform,
200 kilometres offshore Aberdeen. Onshore, I met
teams from the vast Ormen Lange gas field in Norway
and the Corrib gas field project in Ireland. I also
saw our real time operations centre at work one of
the advanced ways we keep up round-the-clock
monitoring of our global oil and gas production.
At Sakhalin, I was amazed at the complexity of the
worlds largest integrated oil and gas project in one
of the harshest environments we face. I visited the
Athabasca Oil Sands Project in Canada now part of
our downstream operations and important to our plans
to increase production from unconventional sources
and saw the mine expansion under construction. And in
Qatar, I was impressed by the scale of the Pearl GTL
construction site, which will eventually employ
40,000 workers.
On another front, the year has seen record high oil
prices and volatility. Our spending on key projects
has continued to rise. Our shareholders, of course,
want to see good returns on our major investments,
such as Pearl GTL and Sakhalin II. They expect Shell
to be a first-quartile performer in all areas. And
they want to see growth in our company, especially in
the upstream. I feel we have a capital investment
programme and the people to make good progress
towards meeting these expectations.
By continuing to follow our strategy, I believe we
can keep delivering what our shareholders want in
2007, for example, our dividend to shareholders
increased 13% on 2006. Equally importantly, we can
continue to deliver energy to help the world grow
and prosper.
Jorma Ollila
Chairman
6 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
Chief Executives review
Fittingly for our centenary year, Shell made important strides forward
on many fronts in 2007. Our strong focus on delivery and growth again
paid off. Our financial performance was satisfactory, with record
income of $31.9 billion and the return of $13.4 billion to
shareholders. Our reputation generally improved and I would like to
express my appreciation to all Shell staff for achieving this.
Safety, however, is the starting point for everything we do. In 2007,
we had the fewest number of recordable incidents ever. We continue to
strive for continuous improvement in this area. We suffered fewer
fatalities among employees and contractors than the year before, but
our aim is to achieve zero fatalities. Our improvements to our safety
culture during the year including two global safety days and a major
drive to further improve process safety should help us towards that
goal. But constant effort and awareness are needed too.
Our strategy of More Upstream, Profitable Downstream is on track. We
pushed ahead with major, integrated long-life projects that once in
operation will generate cash for decades to come. Of course, we take
into account sustainability, including biodiversity and respect for
local communities, when constructing and operating all our assets.
During the year we also sold assets that did not fit our strategy.
We welcomed Shell Canada fully into our family with the acquisition of
its minority shares. As easy-to-access oil gets rarer, unconventional
resources such as Canadas oil sands will become increasingly important
sources of energy. The move will help the Oil Sands business to better
integrate bitumen upgrading with our manufacturing operations across
North America.
In Nigeria, bright spots were the performance of our
offshore operations and the completion of a sixth liquefied natural gas
(LNG) train. In the Delta region onshore, however, much of our
production again remained shut in because of the security situation.
Faced with security and funding problems in our onshore joint venture
company, we may have to streamline this operation.
The Sakhalin II venture progressed well and is on course to be a
successful mega-project, as we have always believed it would be.
Our Exploration & Production earnings were slightly up on the year
before at $14.7 billion. We made 11 notable discoveries of potential
resources and secured rights to more than 43,000 square kilometres
of acreage, an area around the size of the Netherlands.
Our Gas & Power earnings were $2.8 billion, up 6% on the previous
year. Sales of LNG were up 9% at 13.18 million tonnes. In Qatar,
construction of our major integrated projects, Pearl GTL and Qatargas
4 LNG, made good progress. We are also well under way with new LNG
projects in Australia. In the USA, we decided to proceed with the 100
MW phase II expansion of the Mount Storm wind project.
Our downstream business is hugely important to us, with two out of
three Shell people working in our many refineries, chemical plants,
supply and distribution, retail operations and, of course, Oil Sands.
They performed well in 2007, with total earnings for Oil Sands, Oil
Products and Chemicals of $13.1 billion, considerably up on 2006.
Trading and Shipping continued to provide significant support to our
key businesses.
We continued to invest in major downstream projects such as the
325,000 barrels per day expansion of the Motiva Port Arthur
refinery. In China, our Nanhai petrochemical complex enjoyed a
successful first full year of operations.
Two new partnerships in next-generation biofuels added an exciting
momentum to our work in this area. One is to work on developing
super-fast enzymes that can speed up the conversion of organic non-food
material into ethanol; the other to work on developing algae as a
source of vegetable oil for transport fuel.
Operational excellence, technology and good project management remain
central to our efforts to produce more energy from conventional oil and
gas and unconventional sources such as oil sands. We must also work to
further improve energy efficiency in all our operations, upstream and
downstream. Our differentiated fuels, such as V-Power, will continue to
help us lead in the products we offer our retail customers. We aim to
develop our ability to capture and safely store carbon dioxide
underground, and we are working with governments to establish the
incentives and policies needed to make this technology viable.
Our performance in 2007 leaves us in good health and shows our ability
to deliver results to our shareholders and partners. We have recruited
many new people as an investment for our future, knowing that some of
our experienced people will be retiring in the coming years. I would
like to thank our people for their hard work and dedication. I am proud
of their contribution.
To meet the challenges we see in our business environment, I believe we
have good people and assets, a healthy financial position and a clear
strategy. Delivery is on track. My wish is that 2008 is again one of
further delivery and growth, achieved in a responsible way.
Jeroen van der Veer
Chief Executive
Royal Dutch Shell plc 7
|
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Business and market overview
Royal Dutch Shell consists of the upstream businesses of
Exploration & Production and Gas & Power and the
downstream businesses of Oil Sands, Oil Products and
Chemicals. In 2007, we incorporated our wind and
solar activities into the Gas & Power
business and our hydrogen and CO2 activities into the Oil Products
business.
We are active in more than 110 countries and
territories worldwide. We are exploring for oil and
gas in well-established regions such as the Gulf of
Mexico and in frontier territories such as the
Beaufort Sea. Key producing areas today are the USA,
Europe, Africa and the Middle East. New supplies are
being brought on-stream from major projects in
challenging frontier environments, such as Sakhalin in
Russia and Athabasca in Canada. We are a leader in
liquefied natural gas (LNG) and in the large scale
commercialisation of gas to liquids (GTL) technology.
We have a diverse and well-balanced downstream
portfolio of refineries and chemicals plants and are
one of the worlds largest distributors of biofuels.
10 Royal Dutch Shell plc
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL STRATEGY
Our strategy of More Upstream, Profitable Downstream
remains unchanged. Realising our strategy will
increasingly be shaped by what we believe are three
hard truths: there has been a step-change in global
energy demand as a result of a growing world population
and the emerging economies of China and India entering
into a more energy-intensive phase of their
development; conventional supplies of oil and gas will
struggle to keep pace with demand; and emissions of
greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide
(CO2), will continue to rise with increased
use of fossil fuels. Against this background Shell is
leveraging a strong, wide-ranging energy portfolio
and integrated value chains to meet the challenge of
providing more energy in a secure and responsible
way.
Against the background of high energy prices,
competition for access to resources will remain
intense. Cost inflation continues at a high rate, in
certain cases exacerbated by a weakening US dollar.
Capital cost inflation impacts the upstream and
downstream projects alike. Continued focus on project
delivery and on operational excellence will be key for
success.
In our upstream businesses, we will continue to
focus on developing major new projects with long,
productive lives. In the downstream businesses, our
emphasis will be on sustained cash generation and on
continuing to reshape our portfolio with a focus on
the faster growing markets of Asia Pacific. We
create further value by managing our portfolio and
leveraging our proprietary technology and the
quality of our people.
Our strategy seeks to reinforce our position as a
leader in the industry and provide investors with a
competitive and sustained total shareholder return. In
2008, we expect around 80% of our capital investment
will be in upstream and oil sands projects. In
downstream, our capital programme will maintain and
enhance our competitive position by improving the
quality, safety and competitiveness of our refineries
and building on our presence in growth markets.
Meeting growing world demand for energy in ways that
minimise
environmental and social impact is a major challenge
for the global energy industry. Shell is committed to
improving energy efficiency in its own operations and
supporting customers in managing their energy demands.
We are also working to create a world leading biofuels
business and aim to build a material capability in the capture and
storage of
CO2.
Our commitment to technology and innovation continues
to be at the core of our strategy. As energy projects
become more complex and more technically demanding, we
believe our technologies and technical expertise will
be telling factors in the growth of our business.
Shells key strengths include the development and
application of technology, the financial and project
management skills that allow us to undertake large oil
and gas projects, and the management of integrated
value chains. We also benefit from having a diverse
international business portfolio and customer-focused
businesses built around the strength of the Shell
brand. As such, we are well placed to be preferred
partners for governments and other resource holders,
now and in the future.
Despite the US housing slump and bouts of turbulence in
international credit and money markets, the ongoing
expansion of the global economy remained robust in
2007. At 4.9% in 2007, global growth was down slightly
from the 5.0% registered in 2006, but up from 4.4% in
2005. China, India, Russia and other emerging markets
accounted for much of global growth in 2007. In
contrast, growth in advanced countries slowed with the
weakening of the US economy.
In the USA, growth in 2007 was 2.2%, well below its
trend rate. For 2008, the housing downturn and
financial strains are likely to continue to weigh on
the US economy according to the Federal Reserve.
European economic growth moderated in 2007 to 2.6%
from 2.8% in 2006, as appreciation of the euro reduced
the contribution to growth from net exports. Business
investment remained firm, buoyed by corporate profits.
However, the strong currency and strains in
international credit and money markets began to weigh
on business and consumer sentiment as the year
progressed. These factors point to a possible
moderation of growth in 2008 towards its trend rate.
Growth in the Japanese economy also moderated in 2007
to 1.9%. Growth in domestic demand has been mixed with
net exports and business investment holding up well
while consumption growth faltered.
China and India saw continued robust growth in 2007.
In China, consumption made a growing contribution to
growth as exports slowed. Meanwhile in India, it was
domestic demand and the services sector that
underpinned the expansion. For 2008, growth in these
two countries is expected to ease back from their
recent heights, but still to continue apace.
Global growth is likely to moderate further towards its
longer-term trend rate in 2008, with risks slanted
toward the downside. The main downside risk remains the
potential for a wider and deeper slowdown in US
domestic demand. The main upside potential is in the
major emerging markets growing more rapidly than
expected. As in 2007, these markets have the potential
to continue to perform above expectations.
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES
Brent crude oil prices averaged $72.45 per barrel in
2007 compared with $65.10 in 2006, while West Texas
Intermediate (WTI) averaged $72.16 per barrel compared
with $66.04 a year earlier. Oil prices increased in
2007 due to a combination of strong world economic
growth, political tensions in the Middle East and
Nigeria, modest non-OPEC supply
growth and OPEC supply restraint, reaching highs of
just over $96.00 per barrel for Brent and WTI late
December.
We expect oil prices in 2008, on balance, to remain
robust with modest non-OPEC supply growth, continuing
geopolitical tensions and OPEC supply restraint, but
moderated by slower economic growth.
Henry Hub gas prices in the USA averaged $6.94 per
million British thermal units (Btu) in 2007 compared
with $6.76 in 2006. Prices moderated as far down as
$5.97 per million Btu in September, due to high
inventory levels caused by a relatively warm winter
and the absence of weather related supply disruptions
during the hurricane season. Prices rebounded to $7.01
per million Btu in November with the onset of the
winter season.
In the UK, prices at the National Balancing Point
averaged 30.02 pence/therm in 2007 compared with
41.93 pence/therm in 2006.
The drivers of natural gas prices are more regional in
nature than the relatively global nature of crude oil
pricing. While the Henry Hub price is a recognised
price benchmark in North America, Shell also produces
and sells natural gas in other areas that have
significantly different supply, demand and regulatory
circumstances and therefore pricing structures. Natural
gas prices in continental Europe and Asia Pacific are
predominantly indexed to oil prices. In both regions,
prices have risen reflecting higher oil prices and
strong demand.
OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES FOR INVESTMENT EVALUATION
The range of possible future crude oil and natural gas
prices used in project and portfolio evaluations within
Shell are determined after assessment of short, medium
and long-term price drivers under different sets of
assumptions. Historical analysis, trends and
statistical volatility are part of this assessment, as
well as analysis of possible future global and regional
economic conditions, geopolitics, OPEC actions, cost of
future supply and the balance of supply and demand.
Sensitivity analyses are used to test the impact of low
price drivers like economic weakness and high
investment levels in new production, and high price
drivers like strong economic growth and low investment
levels in new production. Short-term events, such as
relatively warm winters or cool summers, weather and
(geo)political related supply disruptions and the
resulting effects on demand and inventory levels,
contribute to price volatility.
During 2007, Shell used a grid based on low, medium
and high oil and gas prices to test the economic
performance of long-term projects. The prices utilised
were significantly lower than the average market
industry prices for 2007. As part of normal business
practice, the range of prices used for this purpose
continues to be under review and may change.
DOWNSTREAM MARKET TRENDS
Industry refining margins remained strong in 2007,
particularly in the USA, amid robust global product
demand growth. In the absence of any major
disruptions, refining margins are expected to trend
lower in 2008 than 2007 with new conversion capacities
expected to come on-stream and the prospect for
potentially slower global economic growth. However,
the eventual levels are uncertain and will be strongly
influenced by the pace of global economic growth, the
effect of persistently high oil prices on product
demand and start-up timing of expected refinery
expansions.
The demand for petrochemicals in 2008 is expected to
increase in line with the growth in the global
economy, mainly in Asia Pacific. Globally, new
expected industry capacity additions coupled with the
prospect of continued high feedstock and energy costs
may limit the opportunities for improving margins.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 11
OPERATING AND
FINANCIAL REVIEW
BUSINESS
AND MARKET OVERVIEW
ACTIVITIES, INTERESTS AND PROPERTY
Our various activities are conducted in more than 110
countries and territories. Shell constitutes one of the
largest independent oil and gas enterprises in the
world (by a number of measures, including market
capitalisation, operating cash flow and oil and gas
production). Oil and gas, by far the largest of our
business activities (including the oil and gas related
revenues from the Exploration & Production, Gas &
Power, Oil Sands and Oil Products segments), accounted
for nearly 90% of revenue in 2007. We market oil
products in more countries than any other oil company
and have a strong position not only in the major
industrialised countries but also in the developing
ones. The distinctive Shell pecten (a trademark in use
since the early part of the twentieth century) and
trademarks in which the word Shell appears support this
marketing effort throughout the world. Shell also ranks
among the worlds major chemical companies (by sales);
in 2007, the Chemicals segment accounted for just over
10% of the revenue of Shell.
A summary of revenue of Shell by business segment and by geographical
region for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 is set out below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT (including intersegment sales) |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
14,963 |
|
|
|
16,750 |
|
|
|
22,865 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
38,345 |
|
|
|
35,796 |
|
|
|
20,416 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,308 |
|
|
|
52,546 |
|
|
|
43,281 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GAS & POWER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
15,982 |
|
|
|
16,035 |
|
|
|
14,014 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
1,303 |
|
|
|
1,858 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,038 |
|
|
|
17,338 |
|
|
|
15,872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OIL SANDS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
1,069 |
|
|
|
1,159 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
1,359 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,854 |
|
|
|
2,499 |
|
|
|
2,464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OIL PRODUCTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties[A] |
|
|
|
282,665 |
|
|
|
248,581 |
|
|
|
237,210 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
3,407 |
|
|
|
2,728 |
|
|
|
16,643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
286,072 |
|
|
|
251,309 |
|
|
|
253,853 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHEMICALS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties[B] |
|
|
|
41,046 |
|
|
|
36,306 |
|
|
|
31,018 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
4,865 |
|
|
|
4,444 |
|
|
|
3,978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,911 |
|
|
|
40,750 |
|
|
|
34,996 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CORPORATE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
519 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The figures in this table, which include crude oil
sales and non-fuel revenue, are different from the
table shown on page 52, which excludes these sales and
revenues. |
[B] |
|
The figures in this table, which includes chemical
feedstock trading, are different from the table shown
on page 56, which excludes chemical feedstock trading. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA (including intersegment sales) |
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
% |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
% |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
148,465 |
|
|
|
41.8 |
|
|
|
136,307 |
|
|
|
42.8 |
|
|
|
122,684 |
|
|
|
40.0 |
|
Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania[A] |
|
|
|
|
90,141 |
|
|
|
25.3 |
|
|
|
76,898 |
|
|
|
24.1 |
|
|
|
61,388 |
|
|
|
20.0 |
|
USA |
|
|
|
|
87,548 |
|
|
|
24.6 |
|
|
|
80,974 |
|
|
|
25.4 |
|
|
|
101,308 |
|
|
|
33.0 |
|
Other Americas[B] |
|
|
|
|
29,628 |
|
|
|
8.3 |
|
|
|
24,666 |
|
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
21,351 |
|
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
355,782 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
318,845 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
306,731 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Also referred to as Other
Eastern Hemisphere in this
Report. |
[B] |
|
Also referred to as
Other Western Hemisphere in this
Report. |
12
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Risk factors
Shell has a single risk-based control framework,
the Shell Control Framework (see page 90), to
identify and manage risks.
Shells operations and earnings are subject to risks
from changing conditions in competitive, economic,
political, legal, regulatory, social, industry,
business and financial fields. Investors should
carefully consider these risks. They could have a
material adverse effect separately or in combination
on Shells results from operations and/or our
financial condition.
FLUCTUATING PRICES FOR OIL, NATURAL GAS, OIL
PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS
Prices of oil, natural gas, oil products and
chemicals are affected by supply and demand.
Factors that influence these include operational
issues, natural disasters, weather, political
instability, or conflicts, economic conditions or
actions by major oil-exporting countries. Price
fluctuations can test our business assumptions, and
can affect Shells investment decisions,
operational performance and financial position.
PROJECT DELIVERY AND THE ABILITY TO REPLACE OIL AND
GAS AND OIL SANDS RESERVES
Shells future oil and gas and oil sands production
depends on the success of very large projects. In
developing these projects we face numerous challenges.
These include uncertain geology, frontier conditions,
availability of new technology and engineering
capacity, availability of skilled resources, project
delays and potential cost overruns, as well as
technical, fiscal, regulatory, political and other
conditions. Such potential obstacles may impair our
delivery of these projects and, in turn, our
operational performance and financial position
(including the financial impact from failure to fulfil
contractual commitments related to project delivery).
Future oil and gas and oil sands production will
depend on our access to new reserves through
exploration, negotiations with governments and other
owners of known reserves, and acquisitions. Failures
in exploration or in identifying and finalising
transactions to access potential reserves could slow
our oil and gas and oil sands production and
replacement of reserves. This could weaken our future
operational performance and financial position.
COMPETITION
We face significant competition in each of our
businesses for access to raw materials, including oil
and gas and oil sands reserves and refinery feedstock,
in the sale of our products to customers, in the
development of innovative products and solutions,
including the development of new technologies and in
our search for employees with the skills and
experience we need. Increasingly, we compete with
state-run oil and gas companies, particularly in
seeking access to reserves. Today, these state-run oil
and gas companies control vastly greater quantities of
oil and gas reserves than the major publicly-held oil
and gas companies. State-run entities have access to
significant resources and may be motivated by
political or other non-economic factors in their
business decisions.
LOSS OF BUSINESS REPUTATION
Shell is one of the worlds leading energy brands. We
have a strong corporate reputation, which is
important to maintaining our licence to operate and
securing new resources. The Shell General Business
Principles govern how Shell and our individual
companies conduct our affairs. The Shell Code of
Conduct describes how the Shell General
Business Principles apply to every Shell employee.
Failure real or perceived to follow these
principles, or any of the risk factors
materialising, could harm our reputation, which
could impact our licence to operate, damage our
brand and affect our operational performance and
financial position.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS
Emissions of greenhouse gases and associated climate
change are real risks to the company and society in
general. In the future, in order to help meet the
worlds energy demand, we will produce more oil from
unconventional sources. Therefore, in the long term,
it is expected that the
CO2 intensity of our production
will increase. If we are unable to find CO2
solutions for new and existing projects, future
government regulation or challenges from society could lead to
project delays, additional costs as well as
compliance and operational risks. These risks if
realised could affect our operational performance and
financial position.
HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSSE)
Given the range and complexity of Shells daily
operations, our potential HSSE risks cover a wide
spectrum. These risks include major process safety
incidents; failure to comply with approved policies;
effects of natural disasters and pandemics; social
unrest; civil war and terrorism; exposure to general
operational hazards; personal health and safety; and
crime. The consequences of such risks materialising
can be injuries, loss of life, and environmental harm
and disruption to business activities. Depending on
their cause and severity, they can affect Shells
reputation, operational performance and financial
position.
POLITICALLY SENSITIVE OR UNSTABLE COUNTRIES
Developments in politics, laws and regulations can
affect our operations and earnings. Potential
developments include forced divestment of assets;
limits on production; import and export restrictions;
international conflicts, including war; civil unrest
and local security concerns that threaten the safe
operation of company facilities; price controls, tax
increases and other retroactive tax claims;
expropriation of property; cancellation of contract
rights; and environmental regulations. It is difficult
to predict the timing or severity of these occurrences
or their potential effect upon us. If such risks
materialise they could affect the employees,
reputation, operational performance and financial
position of Shell as well as of the Shell companies
located in the country concerned.
PARTNERS AND VENTURES
Many of our major projects and operations are
conducted with partners or in joint ventures. Our
investment with partners and in joint ventures may
reduce our ability to manage risks and costs. We could
have limited influence over and control of the
behaviours and performance of operations in which
Shell is engaged. This could affect our operational
performance, financial position and reputation.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
Growing standardisation, more reliance on global
systems, relocation of information technology services
and increased regulations lead to a risk that our IT
systems may fail to deliver products, services and
solutions in a compliant, secure and efficient manner.
This could affect Shells operational performance and
financial position.
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
Technology and innovation are essential to the
delivery of our business strategy. If we do not
develop the right technology or do not have access
Royal Dutch Shell plc 13
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW RISK FACTORS
to it or do not deploy it effectively, it may affect
delivery of the strategy as well as our operational
performance and financial position.
RESOURCING CHALLENGES
Skilled employees are essential to the successful
delivery of our business strategy. We sometimes
experience recruitment and retention shortfalls. Such
shortfalls could affect our operational performance
and financial position.
CHANGES IN LEGISLATION AND FISCAL AND REGULATORY
POLICIES
Changes in legislation, taxation (tax rate or policy),
regulation and to policies on re-nationalisation and
the seizure of property all pose a risk to our
operations and can affect Shells operational
performance and financial position. In exploration and
production activities they affect land tenure,
entitlement to produced hydrocarbons, production rates,
royalties, pricing, environmental protection, social
impact, exports, taxes and foreign exchange.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS AND EXCHANGE CONTROLS
As a global company, changes in currency values and
exchange controls could affect our operational
performance and financial position.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL MARKET CONDITIONS
Shell companies are subject to differing economic and
financial market conditions throughout the world.
Political or economic instability affect such markets.
If such a risk materialises it could affect our
operational performance and financial position.
ESTIMATION OF RESERVES
The estimation of oil and gas and minable oil sands
reserves involves subjective judgements and
determinations based on available geological,
technical, contractual and economic information. It is
not an exact calculation. The estimate may change
because of new information from production or drilling
activities or changes in economic factors. It may also
alter because of acquisitions and disposals, new
discoveries and extensions of existing fields and
mines, as well as the application of improved recovery
techniques. Published reserves estimates may also be
subject to correction in the application of published
rules and guidance.
SHAREHOLDER REMEDIES
Our Articles of Association generally require that most
disputes between our shareholders in such capacity and
us or our subsidiaries (or our Directors or former
Directors) or between us and our Directors or former
Directors be exclusively resolved by arbitration in The
Hague, the Netherlands under the Rules of Arbitration
of the International Chamber of Commerce. Our Articles
of Association also provide that if this provision is
for any reason determined to be invalid or
unenforceable, the dispute may only be brought in the
courts of England and Wales. Accordingly, the ability
of shareholders to obtain monetary or other relief,
including in respect of securities law claims, may be
determined in accordance with these provisions. See
Supplementary Information Control of registrant
(unaudited).
ANTITRUST AND COMPETITION LAW
Antitrust and competition law apply to Shell companies
in the vast majority of countries in which we do
business. Shell companies have
been fined for violations of antitrust and competition
law, including a fine by the European Commission
Directorate-General for Competition (EC Competition
Authority). Due to the EC Competition Authoritys
fining guidelines, any future conviction of Shell
companies by the EC
Competition Authority could result in enhanced fines.
It is not uncommon for persons allegedly injured by
antitrust violations to sue for damages. Both of these
factors could have a material adverse effect on Shells
results.
US GOVERNMENT SANCTIONS
Shell has investments in Iran and Syria and certain
operations in Sudan. US laws and regulations identify
certain countries, including Iran, Syria and Sudan, as
state sponsors of terrorism and currently impose
economic sanctions against these countries. Certain
activities and transactions in these countries are
banned. Breaking these bans can trigger penalties
including criminal and civil fines and imprisonment.
For Iran, US law sets a limit of $20 million in any
12-month period on certain investments knowingly made
in that country, prohibits the transfer of goods or
services made with the knowledge that they will
contribute materially to that countrys weapons
capabilities and authorises sanctions against any
company violating these rules (including denial of
financings by the US export/import bank, denial of
certain export licences, denial of certain government
contracts and limits of loans or credits from US
financial institutions). However, compliance with this
investment limit by European companies is prohibited by
Council Regulation No. 2271/96 adopted by the Council
of the European Union, which means the statutes
conflict with each other in some respects. Shell has
exceeded and expects to exceed in the future the US
imposed investment limits in Iran. While we seek to
comply with legal requirements in our dealings in these
countries, it is possible that Shell or persons
employed by Shell could be found to be subject to
sanctions or other penalties under this legislation in
connection with their activities in these countries.
PROPERTY AND LIABILITY
Shell companies are exposed to property and
liability risks that could affect Shells
operational performance and financial position.
Shell insures itself against most of these risks
through its captive insurance companies. These
companies reinsure part of their major catastrophe
risks with a variety of international insurers. The
effect of these arrangements is that uninsured
losses for any one incident are unlikely to exceed
$550 million.
TRADING AND TREASURY
In the course of normal business activities, we are
subject to trading and treasury risks. These include
among others exposure to movements in commodity
prices, interest rates, and foreign exchange rates,
counter party default and various operational risks
(see also page 91).
PENSION FUNDS
The risk regarding pensions is the ability of the
pension assets to meet future liabilities, and to
fund defined benefit plans going forward. Note 21 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements provides
further disclosure on retirement benefits.
Liabilities associated with and cash funding of
pensions can be significant. Should Shell
inappropriately value, provide for and/or fund these
obligations, there could be a significant impact on
our financial performance.
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
Shell companies face litigation and disputes worldwide.
From time to time cultural and political factors play a
significant role in unprecedented and unanticipated
judicial outcomes contrary to local and international
law. In addition, certain governments, state and
regulatory bodies have, in the opinion of Shell,
exceeded their
constitutional authority by attempting unilaterally to
amend or cancel existing agreements or arrangements and
by failing to honour existing contractual commitments
and by seeking to adjudicate disputes between private
litigants.
14 Royal Dutch Shell plc
COMPLIANCE WITH US FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT
In July 2007, Shells US subsidiary, Shell Oil, was
contacted by the US Department of Justice regarding
Shells use of the freight forwarding firm Panalpina,
Inc and potential violations of the US Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (FCPA) as a result of such use. Shell has
started an internal investigation and is cooperating
with the US Department of Justice and the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission investigations.
While these investigations are ongoing, Shell may face
fines and additional costs.
Royal
Dutch Shell plc 15
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Summary of results
|
|
Earnings per share increased 26%. |
|
|
|
Dividends to shareholders increased by 13% compared with 2006. |
|
|
|
Return on average capital employed of 24.4%. |
|
|
|
Cash flow from operations improved by 9% reaching $34.5 billion. |
|
|
|
Gross proceeds from divestments were $9.9 billion. |
|
|
|
Acquisition of the Shell Canada minority interest for a cash payment of $7.1 billion. |
|
|
|
Cash returned to shareholders of $13.4 billion. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,568 |
|
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEGMENT EARNINGS[A] |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
13,577 |
|
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
Oil Products |
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
|
Chemicals |
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
With effect from 2007, wind and solar
activities, which were previously reported within
Other industry segments, are reported within the
Gas & Power segment and Oil Sands activities, which
were previously reported within the Exploration &
Production segment, are reported as a separate
segment. Prior period financial statements have
been reclassified accordingly. During 2007, the
hydrogen and CO2 coordination activities were moved from Other industry segments to the Oil
Products segment and all other activities within
Other industry segments are now reported within
the Corporate segment. |
16 Royal Dutch Shell plc
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Shell businesses delivered strong operational and
financial performance in 2007, resulting in earnings
of $31.9 billion. Shells healthy financial position
allowed it to return $13.4 billion to shareholders,
through dividends and share repurchases, while
capital investment reached $27.1 billion (see page
4). Return on average capital employed
(ROACE)[A], at the end of 2007 was 24.4%
compared to 23.4% at the end of 2006. Gearing was
16.6% at the end of 2007 compared to 14.8% at the end
of 2006. The 2007 dividend increased 13% to $1.44 per
share compared to $1.27 in 2006.
The 2007 earnings were up 21% from 2006, which were in
line with 2005. The increase in 2007 reflected higher
oil and gas prices, the positive impact of increasing
crude prices on our inventory, improved chemical
margins and substantially higher interest and
investment income, offset by lower production volumes,
lower realised refining margins and lower trading
contribution. In 2007, oil and gas production,
including oil sands production, was 3,315 thousand
boe/d, compared to 3,473 thousand boe/d in 2006.
Production in 2007 reflected a combination of the
positive and negative effects of several factors,
including new field start-ups, reduced demand for
natural gas in Europe, normal field declines, the
impact of higher oil prices, and the security
situation in Nigeria.
Exploration & Production earnings were $14,686 million
in 2007 compared with $14,544 million in 2006, up 1%.
Earnings reflected the impact of higher oil and gas
prices, which were partly offset by lower production
volumes, higher exploration expenses and higher costs,
reflecting current industry conditions. In addition,
earnings were lower as Shells share of earnings in
the Sakhalin II project were reduced, following the
partial divestment of the project in April 2007 and
the resulting change of Sakhalin II from a fully
consolidated subsidiary to an equity-accounted
investment (Shell interest 27.5%). In 2006, earnings
increased by 7% compared to 2005. This reflected
higher oil prices, partly offset by lower production
volumes, higher operating costs in line with industry
conditions, increased pre-development activity levels
and lower US gas prices.
Hydrocarbon prices were higher in 2007 compared with
2006 and 2005. Brent crude prices averaged $72.45 per
barrel in 2007 compared with $65.10 in 2006 and $54.55
in 2005. West Texas Intermediate prices averaged
$72.16 per barrel in 2007 compared with $66.04 in 2006
and $56.60 in 2005. Shells overall realised oil and
natural gas liquids (NGL) prices were $67.99 a barrel,
compared with $60.64 in 2006 and $50.59 in 2005. In
the USA, realised oil and NGL prices averaged $66.49 a
barrel, compared with $58.53 in 2006 and $48.94 in
2005. Outside the USA, realised oil and NGL prices
averaged $68.24 a barrel compared with $60.99 in 2006
and $50.84 in 2005. Our overall realised gas prices
averaged $5.14 per thousand standard cubic feet (scf)
in 2007 compared with $5.08 in 2006 and $4.77 in 2005.
In the USA, realised gas prices averaged $7.23 per
thousand scf, compared with $7.74 in 2006 and $8.43 in
2005. Outside the USA, realised gas prices averaged
$4.61 compared with $4.41 in 2006 and $3.84 in 2005.
Gas & Power earnings were up 6% in 2007 reaching
$2,781 million, compared with $2,633 million in 2006
and $1,378 million in 2005.
|
|
|
[A] |
|
ROACE is defined as income attributable to
shareholders adjusted for Shells share of interest
expense, after tax, as a percentage of Shells share
of average capital employed for the period. Capital
employed consists of total equity, current debt and
non-current debt. For more information on ROACE see
key performance indicators on pages 60 and 61. |
The 2007 higher earnings reflected increased liquefied
natural gas (LNG) sales volumes, strong LNG and gas to
liquids (GTL) prices, and a net gain of $275 million
mainly related to the sale of common units in
Enterprise Products Partners LP. This was partly offset
by lower earnings from marketing and trading
activities. The increase in 2006 earnings reflected
growth in LNG sales volumes, higher realised LNG
prices, LNG supply optimisation and strong marketing
and trading performance. LNG sales volumes in 2007 of
13.18 million tonnes showed an increase of 9% compared
to 12.12 million tonnes in 2006, due to growth in
Nigeria. LNG sales volumes in 2006 showed an increase
of 14% compared to 10.65 million tonnes in 2005 due to
the capacity growth in Nigeria and Oman.
Oil Sands earnings were $582 million compared with
$651 million in 2006 and $661 million in 2005.
Earnings in 2007, compared to 2006, decreased due to
an unplanned shutdown in September and a fire in
November at the Scotford Upgrader, higher operating
and maintenance costs and increased royalty expenses,
which were partly offset by the impact of higher oil
prices and a favourable tax adjustment of $94 million.
Earnings in 2006 decreased compared to 2005, as higher
oil prices and a favourable tax adjustment of $120
million were offset by lower production and the first
major scheduled turnaround of both the Muskeg River
Mine and the Scotford Upgrader. Bitumen production for
2007 was in line with 2006.
Oil Products earnings in 2007 were $10,439 million,
47% higher than 2006 while 2006 was 29% lower than
2005. The 2007 earnings
increase reflected higher marketing margins and
benefited from the impact of increasing crude prices
on our inventory of $3,488 million. However, earnings
were impacted by lower realised refining margins, a
lower trading contribution and higher operating costs.
The 2006 earnings decrease reflected reduced refining
margins partially offset by higher marketing earnings,
higher trading contribution and the favourable impact
of price volatility on inventory of $98 million.
Chemicals earnings were $2,051 million compared with
$1,064 million in 2006 and $991 million in 2005. The
impact of price volatility on inventory had favourable
effects on 2007 earnings of $369 million compared with
an unfavourable effect of $31 million in 2006. The
increased earnings in 2007 reflected higher margins,
higher earnings from equity-accounted investments and
lower fixed costs, which were partly offset by a
reduced trading contribution. Earnings in 2005 included
$307 million of losses from discontinued operations,
related to the sale of Basell. Setting this aside,
earnings in 2006 were $234 million lower than 2005.
This was due to lower margins and higher depreciation,
partly offset by better earnings from equity-accounted
investments and lower taxation.
BALANCE SHEET AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Shells strategy to invest in the development of
long-term growth projects, primarily in the upstream
businesses, explains the most significant changes to
the balance sheet in 2007. Property, plant and
equipment and equity-accounted investments increased
by almost $9 billion in 2007 as capital investment
increased by over 9% in 2007 compared with 2006
reaching $27.1 billion. This was partly offset by
depreciation, depletion and amortisation of $13.2
billion. $19.5 billion of the capital investment was
dedicated to upstream projects that will primarily
deliver organic growth over the long term. These
projects include several multi-billion dollar,
integrated facilities that should provide significant
cash flow for the coming decades.
The capital investment programme in 2007 was
primarily funded internally, either from cash from
operations of $34.5 billion or with proceeds from
divestments of $9.9 billion, with net debt (defined
as total debt minus cash) increasing by $1.7 billion
to a year-end balance of $8.4 billion. In 2007, Shell
paid cash of $7.1 billion for shares in Shell Canada
that it did not already own and, as a result, total
equity decreased by the same amount. Overall total
equity increased by $11.0 billion in 2007 resulting
in a year-end balance of $126 billion. Gearing
increased from 14.8% at year-end 2006 to 16.6% at
year-end 2007. See Note 19[D] to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further discussion on
gearing.
We want to maintain and enhance our competitive
position and provide investors with a competitive and
sustained total shareholder return. We plan net capital
investment of $26-$27 billion in 2008 (net capital
investment represents capital investment, less
divestment proceeds). The majority of our capital
investment will be in upstream, including LNG and GTL,
and oil sands projects. The remainder will be invested
in downstream on improving or expanding our oil
products and chemicals business.
The production outlook for 2008 is uncertain.
However, 2008 production is likely to decline
slightly from 2007 levels, if 2007 operating and
security conditions in Nigeria continue in 2008, and
previously announced disposals are completed. In the
long term, Shell expects to be capable of 2-3% per
annum production growth on average from 2010,
including production from oil, gas and oil sands.
Actual growth each year will depend on project
start-ups, portfolio management actions and project
contracting conditions, among other things. Our
investment decision-making will focus on generating
value rather than specific reserves or volume
targets.
On March 31, 2007, Royal Dutch Shell, through its
affiliates, acquired the minority interest in Shell
Canada. Shell paid cash of $7.1 billion for the shares
in Shell Canada that it did not already own. As a
result of this transaction, the Consolidated Financial
Statements of Shell as of December 31, 2007, reflect
some $7.1 billion decrease in shareholders equity, with
a $1,639 million decrease in minority interest, being
the book value of the item acquired and the excess of
the purchase price over the book value of $5,445
million being taken to retained earnings. In addition
to the share purchase price, $0.4 billion of Shell
Canada share options were exchanged for a corresponding
amount of Shell share options.
On April 18, 2007, Royal Dutch Shell completed the
divestment to OAO Gazprom of 50% of its shares in
Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd (SEIC),
representing 27.5% of the total outstanding shares, for
a sales price of $4.1 billion. Gazprom acquired a 50%
interest plus one share, while Shell retains a 27.5%
interest, with Mitsui and Mitsubishi holding a 12.5%
and 10% interest, respectively. In addition, the
Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation
announced its approval of the revised Environmental
Action Plan. Additional agreements were also signed
with the Russian government, addressing the economic
balance of the project.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 17
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW SUMMARY OF RESULTS
These portfolio actions had the following impact on
Shells reserves. As a result of the Sakhalin II
divestment, minority interests were reduced by 658
million boe and 402 million boe of proved reserves were
transferred from Shell subsidiaries to the Shell share
of equity-accounted investments. In addition, as a
result of the acquisition of the minority interest in
Shell Canada, minority interests were reduced by 72
million boe associated with Shell Canadas proved oil
and gas reserves and by 250 million boe associated with
Shell Canadas proven minable oil sands reserves.
At the end of the first quarter 2007, 100% of the
Sakhalin II project net assets of approximately $15
billion were included in Shells balance sheet, offset
by a minority interest of $6.7 billion representing the
partners 45% interest in the project. As a result of
the partial divestment, the consolidated financial
statements of Shell no longer include the separate
assets, liabilities and associated minority interest of
the Sakhalin II project. Shells asset position in the
project is now accounted for as an equity-accounted
investment.
SEIC continues to be the operator of the Sakhalin II
project. Gazprom and existing SEIC shareholders
entered into an area of mutual interest arrangement,
which covers both future Sakhalin area oil and gas
exploration and production opportunities, and
building of Sakhalin II into a regional oil and LNG
hub.
Please refer to pages 60-61 and 62-65 for discussion
of key performance indicators and liquidity and
capital resources.
In 2007, we entered into two exceptional transactions
that affected our proved oil and gas and proven minable
oil sands reserves position (see pages 17 and 18 for a
full description of these transactions):
|
|
the
divestment of 27.5% of our interest in the Sakhalin II
project; and |
|
|
|
our acquisition of the 22% minority
interest in Shell Canada. |
The effects of these exceptional transactions are
complex in the context of our reported reserves
position. The purpose of the adjacent table is to set
out those effects, together with other changes in our
reserves position that occurred during the year, on the
same basis as they are evaluated by management. The
table presents; the total net proved oil and gas
reserves for Shell subsidiaries and the Shell share of
equity-accounted investments; the total net proven
minable oil sands reserves for Shell subsidiaries; and
then eliminates the portion of the reserves that is
attributable to the equity held by those with a
minority interest in our subsidiaries. The result is
the total net proved oil and gas and net proven minable
oil sands reserves attributable to Royal Dutch Shell
shareholders. We believe it is appropriate to summarise
our overall reserves position in this manner as it
reflects how we manage our reserve base, and that we do
not distinguish between reserves of Shell subsidiaries
and equity-accounted investments when making commercial
investment decisions. We believe that this summary is
necessary in the context of the transactions that
occurred in 2007 in order for investors to have a fair
and complete understanding of the effects of these
transactions on our reserves position.
As shown in the table below, the material effects of
the Sakhalin II divestment and Shell Canada
acquisitions, together with other events, on proved
oil and gas reserves and proven minable oil sands
reserves attributed to Royal Dutch Shell shareholders
consisted of the following:
|
|
We reduced the minority interest in our proved
oil and gas reserves and our proven minable oil
sands reserves from 999 million boe to 17 million
boe, mainly as a result of the elimination of the
minority interest in Shell Canada (including net
proven minable oil sands reserves, 322 million
boe) and the minority interest in Sakhalin (658
million boe). The figures quoted above between
parentheses are before taking account of 2007
production. |
|
|
|
While proved oil and gas reserves attributable to
Royal Dutch Shell shareholders reflected the net
reduction of 402 million boe of proved reserves
relating to Sakhalin, this was offset by our
development programme that yielded organic
reserves additions of 1,315 million boe of
additional proved oil and gas reserves (comprised
of 228 million boe in relation to Shell
subsidiaries and 1,087 million boe in relation to
Shells share of equity-accounted investments) and
6 million boe of additional minable oil sands
reserves. |
After taking these two events into account, total net
proved oil and gas reserves and net proven minable oil
sands reserves attributable to Royal Dutch Shell
shareholders decreased by 22 million boe in 2007, from
11,942 million boe to 11,920 million boe, or less than
0.2%. These totals reflect the volume impact of
year-end driven price reductions of some 183 million
boe for 2007 (largely due to our Qatar GTL project),
59 million boe for 2006 and 60 million boe for 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVED AND PROVEN RESERVES (At December 31) |
|
million barrels of |
|
|
|
|
oil equivalent[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
Total net proved oil and
gas reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
6,686 |
|
|
|
8,452 |
|
|
|
7,761 |
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted
investments |
|
|
4,140 |
|
|
|
3,355 |
|
|
|
3,705 |
|
|
Total net proven minable oil
sands reserves |
|
|
1,111 |
|
|
|
1,134 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net minority interests share
of Shell subsidiaries[A] |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
999 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net proved oil and gas and
net proven minable oil sands
reserves attributable to Royal Dutch
Shell shareholders [B] |
|
|
11,920 |
|
|
|
11,942 |
|
|
|
11,312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Total of minority interest associated with both
net proved oil and gas reserves and net proven minable
oil sands reserves. |
|
[B] |
|
Total of net proved oil and gas reserves and
net proven minable oil sands reserves net of
minority interests. |
|
[C] |
|
For this purpose, natural gas has been converted
to barrels of oil equivalent using a factor of 5,800
standard cubic feet per barrel. |
Investors should note that the above summary is
presented to illustrate the complex effects of the two
transactions that occurred during 2007. This summary
should be read in the context of our Supplementary
Information Oil and gas (unaudited) and
Supplementary Information Oil sands (unaudited).
This presentation has been included because we believe
it is material to an investors understanding of our
reserves position and the changes in 2007.
18 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Exploration & Production
|
|
Record segment earnings of $14.7 billion. |
|
|
Production of 3.2 million barrels of oil
equivalent (boe) per day (excluding oil sands)
despite the continuing security issues in
Nigeria. |
|
|
Another successful year for exploration: 11 notable discoveries. |
|
|
Began execution of several major projects,
including Gumusut-Kakap, Shells first
deep-water project in Malaysia, and Qarn Alam
in Oman, one of the worlds largest thermal
enhanced oil recovery projects. |
|
|
New flagship upstream projects (Perdido in
the Gulf of Mexico; BC-10 in Brazil; Qatar GTL
and Qatargas 4) progressing well. |
|
|
Started production from a number of new
fields, including Ormen Lange in Norway,
Deimos in the Gulf of Mexico and Changbei in
China. |
|
|
Stabilised future of Sakhalin II and Kashagan
projects and continuity of production-sharing
agreements, agreeing partial divestments to
Gazprom and KazMunaiGas respectively, along
with some modification of future terms. |
|
|
Sustained portfolio rationalisation, reaching
agreement on divestments in Norway, Austria,
the North Sea in the UK and the USA. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Revenue (including intersegment sales) |
|
|
53,308 |
|
|
|
52,546 |
|
|
|
43,281 |
|
Purchases (including change in inventories) |
|
|
(3,935 |
) |
|
|
(2,710 |
) |
|
|
(1,121 |
) |
Exploration |
|
|
(1,712 |
) |
|
|
(1,562 |
) |
|
|
(1,286 |
) |
Depreciation |
|
|
(9,338 |
) |
|
|
(8,672 |
) |
|
|
(7,973 |
) |
Operating expenses |
|
|
(11,458 |
) |
|
|
(11,000 |
) |
|
|
(8,631 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
3,583 |
|
|
|
3,075 |
|
|
|
4,112 |
|
Other income/(expense) |
|
|
(390 |
) |
|
|
(316 |
) |
|
|
(282 |
) |
Taxation |
|
|
(15,372 |
) |
|
|
(16,817 |
) |
|
|
(14,523 |
) |
|
|
|
Segment earnings from continuing operations |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
13,577 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
13,577 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
As from 2007, the Oil Sands earnings are
disclosed separately. Previously these were reported
as part of Exploration & Production earnings. For
comparison purposes, 2006 and 2005 earnings have been
reclassified accordingly, resulting in a reduction of
$651 million in 2006 and $661 million in 2005. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTRIES IN WHICH EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION HAS OPERATIONS |
Europe
|
|
Africa
|
|
Middle East
|
|
Asia Pacific
|
|
USA |
Denmark
|
|
Algeria
|
|
Russia, CIS[A]
|
|
Australia |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Cameroon
|
|
Abu Dhabi
|
|
Brunei
|
|
Other |
Ireland
|
|
Gabon
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
|
China
|
|
Western |
Italy
|
|
Libya
|
|
Egypt
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Hemisphere |
The Netherlands
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Iran
|
|
New Zealand
|
|
Argentina |
Norway
|
|
Tunisia
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
|
Philippines
|
|
Brazil |
Ukraine
|
|
|
|
Oman
|
|
|
|
Canada |
UK
|
|
|
|
Pakistan
|
|
|
|
Colombia |
|
|
|
|
Qatar
|
|
|
|
Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
Russia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Commonwealth of Independent States. |
Exploration & Production explores for and extracts
oil and gas. Together with Gas & Power and Oil Sands
it builds and operates the infrastructure necessary
to deliver these hydrocarbons to market.
Our business is active in 37 countries with an average
of 18,000 employees in 2007. We carry out many of our
activities with a diverse range of joint venture
partners and have on average over 220,000 people
(employees, joint venture staff and contractors)
engaged daily in our operations, based on hours
worked. We are investing strongly for future growth,
with some $15.6 billion (excluding the contribution of
minority partners in Sakhalin II of $0.3 billion) of
capital investment in 2007.
Production is a key indicator of our short to
medium-term operational performance, in terms of
reliability of existing assets and on time delivery of
new wells and projects. Longer term, a key strategic
goal is the increase in surplus cash generation through
accessing and unlocking new resources and growing
production whilst sustaining strong unit cash
generation.
Our investment decision-making focuses on generating
value rather than specific reserves or volume targets.
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Segment earnings in 2007 were $14,686 million, 1%
higher than in 2006 and 8% higher than in 2005. The
increase in 2007 from 2006 was mainly driven by the
impact of higher realised oil and gas prices on
revenues and gains from divestments. This was partly
offset by lower production volumes, higher exploration
expenses (mainly from increased well write-offs and
other exploration costs partly offset by lower seismic
cost), higher costs (reflecting current industry
conditions) and an exceptional charge related to our
Nigerian operations. In addition, earnings were
impacted by our reduced share in the profits from the
Sakhalin II project, as a consequence of the partial
divestment in the second quarter 2007. Segment earnings
in 2006 were $14,544 million, 7% higher than in 2005
due to higher realised oil prices, partly offset by the
impact of lower US gas prices, marginally lower
production volumes and higher operating costs
(reflecting industry conditions), increased
pre-development activity levels and higher maintenance
costs (including increased spending on technical
integrity).
Earnings in 2007 included net gains of $1,102 million
compared with net gains of $521 million in 2006 and
$1,662 million in 2005. The net gains in 2007 mainly
related to the divestment of assets in Norway, Austria,
Russia, Australia and the Netherlands and various
taxation credits, which were partially offset by the
mark-to-market valuation of certain UK gas contracts
and a $716 million charge mainly relating to the
onshore assets in Nigeria, including impairments and
provisions arising from the funding and security
situation. The net gains in 2006 mainly related to the
mark-to-market valuation of certain UK gas contracts
and divestment gains. The net gains in 2005 were almost
entirely related to the divestment of pipeline assets
in the Netherlands, as various taxation credits and
other divestments were almost offset by a net charge
relating to the mark-to-market valuation of certain gas
contracts in the UK.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 19
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
In 2007, the business environment for the exploration
and production industry continued to be characterised
by increasing oil prices (Brent average price in 2007
was $72.45 per barrel, up 11% from $65.10 per barrel
in 2006) and activity levels. Associated with these
increased prices, we saw tightness in the supply of
oilfield goods and services, cost escalation and
strong competition for new opportunities. Looking
forward, we believe that the world will continue to
experience a strong growth in energy demand due to population
growth and economic development, and that after 2015
supplies of easy-to-access oil and gas will be
increasingly challenged to keep up with demand.
The Exploration & Production strategy pursued
consistently for the last four years remains unchanged
and delivery is on track. We recognise that access to
new resources continues to become more difficult as a
result of host government requirements and strong
competition for more conventional resources. Our
strategy has four portfolio themes:
|
|
Sustaining our heartlands, i.e. our core
countries that have the available infrastructure,
expertise and remaining growth potential for Shell
to sustain strong operational performance and
support continued investment; |
|
|
Focusing on new oil and gas projects
where technology is a differentiator; |
|
|
Building integrated gas opportunities; and |
|
|
Unlocking unconventional oil and gas resources. |
For all of these themes, we seek portfolio
opportunities that offer more upside potential,
through more oil price exposure, and/or through
securing additional scope for recovery from appraisal
or the application of new technology.
We continue to pursue an aggressive exploration
programme to add more acreage in support of these
themes. Our emphasis remains on drilling large
exploration prospects, in selected basins and targeting
under-explored areas with significant potential. We
will also invest in organic growth, open up new
positions and make selective acquisitions, divestments
and asset swaps as a means to expand and revitalise our
asset portfolio. In terms of our existing portfolio, we
will continue to focus on production and project
delivery, cost performance and operational excellence.
Shell seeks to sustain long-term production from our
existing heartlands. This includes production from core
countries such as Australia, Brunei, Canada, Denmark,
Malaysia, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, UK
and USA.
We will look for further and stronger integrated gas
positions such as in onshore USA, Europe, the Middle
East, Russia, Africa and Australia. We will look to
extend our leadership position in LNG, leveraging our
presence across the natural gas value chain from
exploration to production and markets, to maximise the
value from our integrated gas projects. Examples of key
project activity in this area include Sakhalin II in
Russia, Nigeria LNG, Angel in North West Shelf,
Australia and Qatargas 4. With respect to Nigeria, the
impact of community disturbances in the western Delta
continues to present a challenge. While we have
achieved some success with restoring production in the
western Delta, the security situation remains an
ongoing risk to our business in Nigeria, not only
affecting current production levels but also our
ability to grow production in the future. It is
difficult to work safely to repair damage to existing
assets and construct new facilities. This situation
will
20 Royal Dutch Shell plc
be closely monitored throughout 2008. Deep-water
Nigeria production continues to perform well and has
good prospects for future growth.
Leveraging technology is central to our strategy and we
continue to increase our investment in research and
development (R&D) and technology piloting. We remain
focused on the development and application of
technology as a key differentiator in securing access
to good upstream opportunities and then delivering more
value from them.
Such areas of focus include deep-water, enhanced oil
recovery, tight gas, contaminated gas, heavy oil and
GTL conversion. To build on our existing strengths, we
have shifted our R&D emphasis further to subsurface
and unconventional oil and gas technologies. For
instance, in Canada, strengthened by the acquisition
of the Shell Canada minority shares, we are maturing a variety of heavy
oil opportunities. In the US Gulf of Mexico and
Brazil, technology is key to the delivery of the
Perdido and BC-10 deep-water projects respectively and
in Qatar we are delivering the industrys largest GTL
facility. Across these themes we are increasing our
portfolio of long-life projects, establishing new
producing assets with low natural decline rates and
high cash generation, especially at higher oil and gas
prices.
Our focus on the reduction of costs will be sustained
through optimised management of the supply chain and
simplifying and standardising processes globally. We
will continue to strengthen our capabilities in project
delivery. Having people in place with the requisite
skills is vital to the successful delivery of our
strategy: in 2007 we recruited over 1,100 technical
professionals in the upstream.
In 2007, hydrocarbon production (excluding production
from oil sands) was 3,234 thousand boe per day. This
was 5% lower than in 2006 and 6% lower than in 2005.
Lower production in 2007 when compared with 2006 is
attributable to field declines, divested volumes,
one-off contractual settlements, and lower performance
of non-operated assets, which were partly offset by new
fields production and ramp-up volumes. The underlying
production trend was down 2% compared with 2006
(excluding price impacts of production-sharing
contracts (PSCs), divestments and one-off contractual
settlements).
Field declines affecting oil production were seen in
the USA, Brunei, Oman, Nigeria, Norway and UK during
2007. Operational shutdowns in the UK also impacted
production levels. Similarly, natural gas production
was impacted by declining fields in Malaysia, USA, UK
and Canada as well as by lower seasonal demand in
northwest Europe.
The effect of declining fields was partly offset by
production from new fields. In China, Shell and
PetroChina started commercial production and gas
delivery from the Changbei gas field (Shell interest
50%). Located on the edge of the Maowusu desert in the
Ordos Basin, it is the largest onshore Exploration &
Production co-operative development Shell has had in
China.
Shell achieved first offshore gas from the Pohokura
field (Shell interest 48%) in New Zealand. This follows
the delivery of onshore gas achieved in September 2006.
First production was also delivered from the Deimos
(Shell interest 71.5%) discovery in the Gulf of Mexico
Mars Basin with an expected peak production for Phase 1
of 30,000 boe per day.
In Norway, first gas was produced from the Ormen Lange
field (Shell interest 17%). Production will increase
gradually, reaching a peak of 70 million standard cubic
metres per day enough to meet as much as 20% of the
UKs gas needs. On December 1, 2007, Shell took over
the operatorship of the Ormen Lange field from Norsk
Hydro and we are also responsible for the second phase
of the field development, which involves the
installation of additional subsea templates, drilling
of further gas wells and eventually field compression.
Production also increased from Erha in Nigeria, E8 and
B12 in Malaysia, West Salym in Russia, Pohokura
(onshore) in New Zealand, Merganser in the UK and
Enfield in Australia.
Oil prices increased in 2007 with Brent and West Texas
Intermediate crude prices 11% and 9% higher than in
2006, respectively. Shells overall realised oil and
natural gas liquids (NGL) prices were $67.99 a
barrel, compared with $60.64 in 2006 and $50.59 in
2005. In the USA, realised oil and NGL prices averaged
$66.49 a barrel, compared with $58.53 in 2006 and
$48.94 in 2005. Outside the USA, realised oil and NGL
prices averaged $68.24 a barrel compared with $60.99 in
2006 and $50.84 in 2005. Realised prices differ from
published crude oil prices because the quality, and
therefore price, of actual crude oil produced differs
from the quoted blends. In general, Shell produces
crude oil of a somewhat lower quality than the quoted
blends. Our overall realised gas prices (excluding
equity-accounted investments) in Exploration &
Production averaged $5.14 per thousand standard cubic
feet (scf) in 2007 compared with $5.08 in 2006 and
$4.77 in 2005. In the USA, realised gas prices averaged
$7.23 per thousand scf, compared with $7.74 in 2006 and
$8.43 in 2005. Outside the USA, realised gas prices
averaged $4.61 compared with $4.41 in 2006 and $3.84 in
2005.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Capital investment in 2007 decreased 1% to $15.6
billion (excluding the contribution of our minority
partners in Sakhalin II of $0.3 billion, up to the date
of the partial divestment of our interest in Sakhalin
II in April 2007) relative to 2006 (see Summary of
results, page 17). This included exploration
expenditure of $4.0 billion of which $807 million
relates to the acquisition of new acreage. Included in
the exploration expenditure are $594 million of mainly
drilling costs associated with maturing fields for
which Shell has taken a final investment decision but,
for which no proved reserves have yet been recorded. In
2006, capital investment was $15.7 billion and $10.5
billion in 2005 (excluding the contribution of the
minority partners in Sakhalin II of $1.4 billion and
$1.3 billion respectively).
Shell took the final investment decision to proceed
with a number of major projects in 2007. Together
with our partners PETRONAS, ConocoPhillips and
Murphy Oil Corporation, we decided to proceed with
the development of the Gumusut-Kakap (Shell interest
33%) deep-water block offshore Sabah in Malaysia.
In Brunei, our joint venture company, Brunei Shell
Petroleum (BSP), decided to proceed with the Champion
West Phase 3B/3C project (Shell interest 50%) and with
the Bugan Phase 2 project (Shell interest 50%).
In Oman, our joint venture company with the Omani
government, Petroleum Development Oman, decided to
proceed with the Qarn Alam
project (Shell interest
34%), one of the largest thermal enhanced oil recovery
(EOR) projects in the world. It involves injecting
steam in a fractured carbonate reservoir and is
expected to increase the recovery factor in this
complex reservoir by 20-25%.
A final investment decision was also taken to
proceed with Valhall Redevelopment (Shell interest
28.1%) in Norway, which is aimed at delivering new
facilities with fewer offshore staff and enabling
production until the end of the licence period in
2028.
Shell, through its exploration and production joint
venture in the Netherlands, Nederlandse Aardolie
Maatschappij B.V. (NAM), has taken the decision to
resume oil production in Schoonebeek (Shell interest
30%), northwest Europes largest onshore oil field,
through the use of steam-injection EOR technology. NAM
expects to produce some 100 to 120 million barrels of
oil in the coming 25 years increasing oil reserves in
the Netherlands.
Shell signed a PSC with PETRONAS, gaining a 30%
interest in the Kebabangan Cluster gas fields in
Sabah, Malaysia.
In Australia, Shell agreed to sell a 25% interest in
the NT/P48 Permit, which includes the Evans Shoal
joint venture in the Timor Sea, offshore Northern
Territory, to PETRONAS.
In China, we acquired a 55% equity interest in a
coalbed methane venture in Shanxi Province from
Verona Development Corporation.
The Exploration & Production business made significant
progress on its portfolio rationalisation programme in
2007, generating $5.4 billion of divestment proceeds.
In Norway, we completed the sale to E.ON Ruhrgas
Norge AS of our 28% equity interest in the
undeveloped Skarv and Idun fields.
Shell also completed the divestment of its 25%
equity holding in Austrian oil and gas producer,
Rohöl-Aufsuchungs AG (RAG).
Earlier in the year, we announced our intention to
sell our equity interests in a number of northern
North Sea assets, and mature NAM operated offshore
assets in the NOGAT (Noordelijke Offshore Gas
Transport) area of the southern North Sea. At the end
of 2007, Shell reached an agreement with Fairfield
Energy and Mitsubishi Corporation for the sale of the
Dunlin Cluster in the North Sea covering the Dunlin,
Dunlin South West, Osprey and Merlin fields.
In the USA, Shell completed the sale of leases in
Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas to
Pioneer Natural Resources and Fayetteville Shale in
the Arkoma Basin, Arkansas to Constellation Energy
Commodities Group. Shell also completed the sale of
the Wilcox properties in South Texas to Comstock
Resources Inc. and North Padre Island 969 and West
Cameron 565 assets in the Gulf of Mexico to Peregrine
Oil. In addition, Shell reached an agreement with
Marubeni Corporation for the sale of Boomvang fields.
In Egypt, Shell completed the sale of a 33% equity
interest in the Northeast Mediterranean Deepwater
(NEMed) concession located offshore Egypt to ONGC
Videsh Ltd (OVL).
Royal Dutch Shell plc 21
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
Shell sold 45% of the newly created Shell Technology
Ventures Fund 1 B.V. (STV), an energy technology fund,
to Coller Capital. Shell will remain the majority
shareholder in the fund, which will focus on investing
in non-exclusive Shell and third-party exploration and
production technologies.
In Russia, Shell and its partners completed the
divestment to OAO Gazprom of 50% of their interest
plus one share in the Sakhalin II project in
Russia (see Summary of results, page 17).
Also in Russia, a strategic cooperation agreement was
concluded between Shell and Rosneft Open Joint Stock
Company. Moreover, Shell reached an agreement with JSC
Tatneft for a strategic partnership on heavy oil
development and other potential joint activities.
In early 2008, the international members of the
Kashagan consortium have agreed to sell their
participating interests proportionally (if the sale is
concluded, Shell interest would decrease from 18.52%
to 16.81%), allowing Kazakhstans national oil
companys, KazMunaiGas (KMG), stake to increase to
match that of the four major shareholders. The
agreement includes a value transfer package from the
consortium to the Kazakhstan authorities, provides for
an increased role of KMG in operations and for a
review and enhancement of the operating model. The
agreement also provides the conditions for the
continuity and stability of the project going forward.
EXPLORATION
During 2007, we participated in 314 successful
exploratory wells (wells drilled outside proved area).
These included exploration discoveries in Australia,
Brunei, Egypt, Germany, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the
Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman and the USA. Discoveries
will be evaluated in order to establish the extent of
the volumes they contain. Of these, 11 are considered
notable discoveries.
In 2007, we added new acreage to our portfolio mainly
from exploration licences in Australia, Canada, China,
Colombia, Gabon, Germany, Syria, Tunisia and the USA
(Gulf of Mexico, onshore and Alaska). In the Gulf of
Mexico, Shell was the highest bidder on three blocks in
Lease sale 204 and on 67 blocks in Lease sale 205,
adding significant acreage to the Shell portfolio.
Overall, our acreage in 2007 decreased slightly when
compared with 2006 mainly due to a combination of
divestments, relinquishments and licence expiry of
acreage in various countries, largely offset by the
acreage additions in locations noted above.
In early 2008, Shell was announced as the apparent high
bidder on 275 of the 302 blocks it bid in Lease Sale
193. The blocks are located in the Chukchi Sea,
offshore Alaska, and their award is pending review and
final decision by the US Minerals Management Service.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Shell Exploration & Production Technology
organisation is responsible for the research,
development and application of integrated technology
solutions for Shell operating businesses and assets
around the world. The primary objectives are to select,
develop and implement technologies that enable Shell
operating businesses and assets to successfully
discover and produce greater levels of hydrocarbons, to
achieve continuous improvement in cost-efficiency and
performance; to increase operational safety and to
reduce environmental impact.
22 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Exploration & Production research and development (R&D)
is carried out in two main laboratory locations:
Rijswijk (the Netherlands) and Houston (Texas, USA).
Additional technology facilities are in Oman, Qatar,
Oslo (Norway), Calgary (Canada) and Bangalore (India).
In-house teams and facilities are used in the research and
development of proprietary exploration and production
technologies along with service industry and/or
academic capabilities where applicable.
The primary focus of the R&D work, with increasing
emphasis on the subsurface and unconventionals, is in
the following areas: enhanced subsurface imaging;
reservoir characterisation and surveillance; smart
reservoir management; improving hydrocarbon recovery
efficiency; reducing the cost of wells and
facilities; enabling the development of ultra-deep
water fields; separation and utilisation of
contaminated gas; recovery of unconventional
hydrocarbons; and developing solutions for the capture and sequestration of CO2.
BUSINESS AND PROPERTY
Shell subsidiaries and equity-accounted investments
are involved in the exploration for and production of
crude oil and natural gas and operate under a broad
range of laws and regulations that change over time.
These cover virtually all aspects of exploration and
production activities, including matters such as land
tenure, entitlement to produced hydrocarbons,
production rates, royalties, pricing, environmental
protection, social impact, exports, taxes and foreign
exchange.
The conditions of the leases, licences and contracts
under which oil and gas interests are held vary from
country to country. In almost all cases (outside North
America), the legal agreements generally are granted by
or entered into with a government, government entity or
state oil company, and the exploration risk practically
always rests with the oil company. In North America,
these agreements may also be with private parties who
own mineral interests. Of these agreements, the
following are most relevant to Shells interests:
|
|
Licences (or concessions), which entitle the
holder to explore for hydrocarbons and exploit any
commercial discoveries. Under a licence, the
holder bears the risk of exploration, development
and production activities and of financing these
activities. In principle, the licence holder is
entitled to the totality of production minus any
royalties in kind. The state or state oil company
may sometimes enter as a joint venture partner
sharing the rights and obligations of the licence
but usually without sharing the exploration risk.
In a few cases, the state oil company or agency
has an option to purchase a certain share of
production. The lease agreement, typical in North
America, is generally the same except for
treatment of royalties paid in cash. |
|
|
PSCs entered into with a state or state oil
company oblige the oil company, as contractor, to
provide all the financing generally, and bear the
risk of exploration, development and production
activities in exchange for a share of the
production. Usually this share consists of a fixed
or variable part, which is reserved for the
recovery of contractors cost (cost oil); the
remainder is split with the state or state oil
company on a fixed or volume/revenue-dependent
basis. In some cases, the state oil company will
participate in the rights and obligations of the
contractor and will share in the costs of
development and production. Such participation can
be across the venture or on a per field basis.
Additionally, as the price of oil or gas increases
above certain pre-determined levels, the Shell
groups entitlement share of production would
normally decrease. |
Shells exploration and production interests,
including acreage holdings and statistics on wells
drilled, are shown on page 28.
PROVED RESERVES
Details of Shell subsidiaries and the Shell share of
equity-accounted investments estimated net proved
reserves are summarised in the following table and are
set out under the heading Supplementary
Information Oil and gas (unaudited) on pages 163 to
169. Oil and gas reserves cannot be measured exactly
since estimation of reserves involves subjective
judgement. Estimates remain subject to revision. It
should be noted that totals are further influenced by
acquisition and divestment activities. Proved reserves
are shown net of any quantities of crude oil or natural
gas that are expected to be taken by others as
royalties in kind but do not exclude quantities related
to royalties expected to be paid in cash (except in
North America and in other situations in which the
royalty quantities are owned by others) or those
related to fixed margin contracts. Proved reserves
include certain quantities of crude oil or natural gas
that will be produced under arrangements which involve
Shell subsidiaries in upstream risks and rewards but do
not transfer title of the product to those companies.
During 2007, proved developed and undeveloped reserves
of Shell subsidiaries were reduced by a total of 880
million boe, consisting of a decrease of 9 million
barrels of oil and natural gas liquids and a reduction
of 5,056 thousand million scf of natural gas (in each
case before taking account of production). The
reduction to proved developed and undeveloped reserves
consisted of reductions of 145 million boe from
revisions and 1,108 million boe from acquisitions and
divestments, and additions of 340 million boe from
extensions and discoveries and additions of 33 million
boe from improved recovery. There was a net addition of
624 million boe to proved developed reserves and a net
reduction of 1,504 million boe to proved undeveloped
reserves (before taking account of production).
During the same period, the Shell share of proved
developed and undeveloped reserves additions by
equity-accounted investments, that are in addition to
the additions to the reserves by Shell subsidiaries
described above, represented an increase of 1,080
million boe, consisting of an increase of 251 million
barrels of oil and natural gas liquids and an increase
of 4,807 thousand million scf of natural gas (in each
case before taking account of production). The Shell
share of changes to proved developed and undeveloped
reserves by equity-accounted investments consisted of
an
increase of 548 million boe from revisions, an
increase of 26 million boe from improved recovery, an
increase of 513 million boe from extensions and
discoveries and a decrease of 7 million boe as a result
of acquisitions and divestments. There was a net
addition of 251 million boe to proved developed
reserves and a net addition of 829 million boe to
proved undeveloped reserves (before taking account of
production).
Details of the main proved reserves changes during
2007 are provided in the section entitled
Supplementary Information Oil and gas
(unaudited).
At December 31, 2007, after taking account of Shell
subsidiaries 2007 net additions to proved developed
and undeveloped reserves and production, total
proved reserves for Shell subsidiaries were 21%
lower than at December 31, 2006. At the same date,
after taking into account the Shell share of
equity-accounted investments net additions and
production, the Shell share of total proved
developed and undeveloped reserves of
equity-accounted investments was 23% higher than at
December 31, 2006.
In April 2007, Shell along with its partners, completed
the divestment to OAO Gazprom of a 50% interest (plus
one share) in the Sakhalin II project in Russia. Royal
Dutch Shell diluted its stake in the project from 55%
to 27.5%. As a result of this divestment, proved
developed and undeveloped reserves associated with
minority interests reduced by a total of 658 million
boe and 402 million boe of proved developed and
undeveloped reserves were moved from Shell subsidiaries
to equity-accounted investments.
As a result of the acquisition during 2007 of the
Shell Canada minority interest, minority interests
were reduced by 72 million boe.
If the agreement currently under discussion with
KazMunaiGas is concluded, resulting in Shells interest
in the north Caspian PSC declining from 18.52% to
16.81%, Shells proved reserves would decrease by
approximately 36 million barrels of oil equivalent.
In addition to proved conventional liquids and natural
gas reserves, Shell has considerable interests in
proven oil sands reserves in Canada associated with the
Athabasca Oil Sands Project. Since SEC regulations
define these reserves as mining-related and not part of
conventional oil and gas reserves, these are presented
separately to the conventional oil and gas reserves in
the Oil Sands section of this Operating and Financial
Review.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 23
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (At December 31) |
|
million barrels of oil equivalent[A] |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
6,686 |
|
|
|
8,452 |
|
|
|
7,761 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
4,140 |
|
|
|
3,355 |
|
|
|
3,705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED RESERVES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million barrels of oil equivalent[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
Asia
Pacific[C] |
|
|
Russia,
CIS[D] |
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,565 |
|
|
|
1,135 |
|
|
|
1,102 |
|
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
851 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
8,452 |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
1,460 |
|
|
|
841 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
2,176 |
|
|
|
801 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
6,686 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
2,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
313 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
3,355 |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
2,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
542 |
|
|
|
1,247 |
|
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
4,140 |
|
|
Proved developed reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
409 |
|
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
3,159 |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
1,019 |
|
|
|
456 |
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
2,897 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
2,685 |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
1,653 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
239 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
2,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
For this purpose natural gas has been converted to barrels of
oil equivalent using a factor of 5,800 standard cubic feet per
barrel. |
[B] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
[C] |
|
Excludes Sakhalin. |
[D] |
|
Includes Caspian region, Egypt and Sakhalin. |
24 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND EXPLORATION EXPENSE OF SHELL SUBSIDIARIES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Europe |
|
|
2,767 |
|
|
|
2,684 |
|
|
|
1,991 |
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
1,895 |
|
|
|
1,840 |
|
|
|
1,937 |
|
Asia Pacific[C] |
|
|
1,326 |
|
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
|
1,067 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
3,515 |
|
|
|
4,528 |
|
|
|
3,844 |
|
USA |
|
|
3,873 |
|
|
|
2,306 |
|
|
|
1,486 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
1,462 |
|
|
|
4,100 |
|
|
|
1,074 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
14,838 |
|
|
|
16,722 |
|
|
|
11,399 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Capital
expenditure is the cost of acquiring property, plant and equipment, and following
the successful efforts method in accounting for exploration costs
includes exploration drilling
costs capitalised pending determination of commercial reserves. In the case of major capital
projects, the related interest cost is included until these are placed in service. Exploration
expense is the cost of geological and geophysical surveys and of other exploratory work charged to
income as incurred. Exploration expense excludes depreciation and release of currency translation
differences. |
[B] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
[C] |
|
Excludes Sakhalin. |
[D] |
|
Includes Caspian region, Egypt and, up to April 2007, Sakhalin. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS OF SHELL SUBSIDIARIES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA[A][E] |
|
$/barrel of oil equivalent |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Europe |
|
|
9.15 |
|
|
|
7.56 |
|
|
|
6.03 |
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
7.85 |
|
|
|
5.60 |
|
|
|
4.13 |
|
Asia Pacific[C] |
|
|
4.31 |
|
|
|
3.35 |
|
|
|
2.94 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
8.79 |
|
|
|
7.83 |
|
|
|
6.21 |
|
USA |
|
|
8.35 |
|
|
|
8.08 |
|
|
|
6.57 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
14.35 |
|
|
|
11.03 |
|
|
|
8.45 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
8.27 |
|
|
|
6.95 |
|
|
|
5.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Natural gas has been converted to crude oil
equivalent using a factor of 5,800 standard cubic feet
per barrel. |
[B] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
[C] |
|
Excludes Sakhalin. |
[D] |
|
Includes Caspian region, Egypt and, up to April 2007, Sakhalin. |
[E] |
|
Production costs exclude royalty payments of $1,804 million in 2007, $1,569 million in 2006 and
$1,940 million in 2005. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 25
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
EXPLORATION &
PRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS
PRODUCTION[A] |
thousand barrels/day |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UK |
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
Denmark |
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
Norway |
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
Italy |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
Germany |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Total Europe |
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigeria |
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
Gabon |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
Cameroon |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
Total Africa |
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
|
|
|
Asia Pacific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brunei |
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
Australia |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
Malaysia |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
China |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
New Zealand |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Others |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Total Asia Pacific |
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oman |
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
214 |
|
Abu Dhabi |
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
Russia |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
Syria |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
Egypt |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
Others |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
Total Middle East, Russia, CIS |
|
|
433 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
|
Total Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
1,036 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
Venezuela |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
Brazil |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
Others |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
[B] |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
Total Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
Grand total |
|
|
1,818 |
|
|
|
1,948 |
|
|
|
1,998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million tonnes a year |
|
Metric equivalent |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Of Shell subsidiaries, plus share of
equity-accounted investments, and including natural
gas liquids (share of equity-accounted investments is
assumed to be equivalent to Shell interest). Oil sands
and royalty purchases are excluded. In those countries
where PSCs operate, the figures shown represent the
entitlements of the subsidiaries concerned under those
contracts. |
[B] |
|
Fewer than 1,000 barrels per day. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION AVAILABLE FOR
SALE[A] |
million standard cubic feet/day |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
1,518 |
|
|
|
1,525 |
|
|
|
1,562 |
|
UK |
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
925 |
|
Germany |
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
421 |
|
|
|
428 |
|
Denmark |
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
410 |
|
Norway |
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
325 |
|
|
|
298 |
|
Others |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
Total Europe |
|
|
3,350 |
|
|
|
3,523 |
|
|
|
3,659 |
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigeria |
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
377 |
|
|
|
|
Total Africa |
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
377 |
|
|
|
|
Asia Pacific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malaysia |
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
858 |
|
Brunei |
|
|
553 |
|
|
|
574 |
|
|
|
544 |
|
Australia |
|
|
542 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
New Zealand |
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
234 |
|
China |
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
Others |
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
Total Asia Pacific |
|
|
2,405 |
|
|
|
2,421 |
|
|
|
2,250 |
|
|
|
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egypt |
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
238 |
|
Pakistan |
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
Syria |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
Total Middle East, Russia, CIS |
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
291 |
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
|
Total Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
3,239 |
|
|
|
3,167 |
|
|
|
2,955 |
|
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
1,130 |
|
|
|
1,163 |
|
|
|
1,150 |
|
|
|
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
Others |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
|
Total Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
495 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
499 |
|
|
|
|
Grand total |
|
|
8,214 |
|
|
|
8,368 |
|
|
|
8,263 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
By country of origin from gas produced by Shell
subsidiaries and equity-accounted investments (Shell
share). In those countries where PSCs operate, the
figures shown represent the entitlements of the
subsidiaries concerned under those contracts. |
26 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LOCATION OF ACTIVITIES[A][B] (At
December 31, 2007) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development and/ |
|
|
|
|
Location |
|
Exploration |
|
|
or production |
|
|
Shell
Operator[C] |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denmark |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ireland |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Italy |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Norway |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
UK |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Ukraine |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Algeria |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
Cameroon |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Gabon |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Libya |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
Nigeria |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Tunisia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
Asia Pacific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Brunei |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
China |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Malaysia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
New Zealand |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Philippines |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
Middle East,
Russia, CIS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abu Dhabi |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Azerbaijan |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egypt |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Iran |
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Kazakhstan |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Oman |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Pakistan |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Qatar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Russia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syria |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
Other Western
Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
Brazil |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Canada |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
■ |
|
Colombia |
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Venezuela |
|
|
|
|
|
|
■ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Including equity-accounted investments. |
[B] |
|
Where an equity-accounted investment has
properties outside its base country, those properties
are not shown in this table. |
[C] |
|
In several countries where Shell Operator is
indicated, Shell is the operator of some but not
all exploration and/or production ventures. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 27
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OIL AND GAS ACREAGE[A][B][C] (At December 31) |
thousand acres |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
Developed |
|
|
Undeveloped |
|
|
Developed |
|
|
Undeveloped |
|
|
Developed |
|
|
Undeveloped |
|
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
Europe |
|
|
10,253 |
|
|
|
2,894 |
|
|
|
10,384 |
|
|
|
3,007 |
|
|
|
9,850 |
|
|
|
3,225 |
|
|
|
12,860 |
|
|
|
4,025 |
|
|
|
9,852 |
|
|
|
3,110 |
|
|
|
14,507 |
|
|
|
4,415 |
|
Africa[D] |
|
|
7,160 |
|
|
|
2,317 |
|
|
|
26,910 |
|
|
|
18,407 |
|
|
|
7,159 |
|
|
|
2,318 |
|
|
|
24,396 |
|
|
|
15,351 |
|
|
|
7,175 |
|
|
|
2,382 |
|
|
|
27,206 |
|
|
|
14,806 |
|
Asia Pacific[E] |
|
|
7,578 |
|
|
|
3,265 |
|
|
|
96,078 |
|
|
|
27,556 |
|
|
|
7,228 |
|
|
|
3,277 |
|
|
|
125,421 |
|
|
|
34,290 |
|
|
|
7,292 |
|
|
|
3,313 |
|
|
|
123,829 |
|
|
|
34,455 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[F] |
|
|
27,520 |
|
|
|
9,614 |
|
|
|
74,666 |
|
|
|
31,176 |
|
|
|
32,238 |
|
|
|
10,284 |
|
|
|
66,579 |
|
|
|
30,321 |
|
|
|
32,125 |
|
|
|
10,302 |
|
|
|
66,839 |
|
|
|
30,467 |
|
USA |
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
620 |
|
|
|
4,825 |
|
|
|
3,542 |
|
|
|
1,234 |
|
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
3,962 |
|
|
|
3,280 |
|
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
4,359 |
|
|
|
3,069 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
31,795 |
|
|
|
21,077 |
|
|
|
945 |
|
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
30,413 |
|
|
|
20,328 |
|
|
|
872 |
|
|
|
551 |
|
|
|
30,097 |
|
|
|
20,314 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
54,495 |
|
|
|
19,308 |
|
|
|
244,658 |
|
|
|
104,765 |
|
|
|
58,654 |
|
|
|
20,338 |
|
|
|
263,631 |
|
|
|
107,595 |
|
|
|
58,566 |
|
|
|
20,221 |
|
|
|
266,837 |
|
|
|
107,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUMBER OF PRODUCTIVE WELLS[A][B]
(At December 31) |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas |
|
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Net |
|
Europe |
|
|
1,638 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
1,334 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
1,647 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
1,762 |
|
|
|
491 |
|
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
Africa[D] |
|
|
1,006 |
|
|
|
356 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
945 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
1,234 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
Asia Pacific[E] |
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
1,095 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
1,076 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[F] |
|
|
4,609 |
|
|
|
1,414 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
4,333 |
|
|
|
1,364 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
4,128 |
|
|
|
1,279 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
USA |
|
|
15,493 |
|
|
|
7,825 |
|
|
|
1,040 |
|
|
|
765 |
|
|
|
15,977 |
|
|
|
8,077 |
|
|
|
1,069 |
|
|
|
830 |
|
|
|
16,159 |
|
|
|
8,270 |
|
|
|
873 |
|
|
|
636 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
268 |
|
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
326 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
284 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
24,269 |
|
|
|
10,871 |
|
|
|
3,090 |
|
|
|
1,651 |
|
|
|
24,352 |
|
|
|
11,033 |
|
|
|
3,231 |
|
|
|
1,707 |
|
|
|
24,481 |
|
|
|
11,050 |
|
|
|
2,876 |
|
|
|
1,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUMBER OF NET PRODUCTIVE WELLS AND DRY HOLES DRILLED[A][B] (At December 31) |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
Productive |
|
|
Dry |
|
|
Productive |
|
|
Dry |
|
|
Productive |
|
|
Dry |
|
Exploratory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Africa[D] |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Asia Pacific[E] |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[F] |
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
USA |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere[G] |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
Africa[D] |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
Asia Pacific[E] |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Middle East, Russia, CIS[F] |
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
USA |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other Western Hemisphere[G] |
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
783 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
703 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Including equity-accounted investments. |
[B] |
|
The term gross relates to the total activity in which Shell subsidiaries and equity-accounted
investments have an interest, and the term net relates to the sum of the fractional interests
owned by Shell subsidiaries plus the Shell share of equity-accounted investments fractional
interest. |
[C] |
|
One thousand acres equals
approximately four square
kilometres. |
[D] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
[E] |
|
Excludes Sakhalin. |
[F] |
|
Includes Caspian region, Egypt and Sakhalin. |
[G] |
|
A revision has been made to 2006 data to correctly reflect the effect of the BlackRock acquisition in Canada. |
28 Royal Dutch Shell plc
A selection of oil and gas interests, as well as recent
developments in countries where Shell or
equity-accounted investments have exploration and
production interests, is summarised below. The summary
includes aspects of the legislation, regulations or
agreements affecting the activities of significant
companies. None of the below-mentioned properties or
interests is individually significant to Shell.
Denmark A Shell company holds a 46% non-operated
interest in a producing concession until 2042. The
Shell interest in this concession will reduce to
36.8% in July 2012 when the State takes a 20% fully
participating stake in the concession. The Shell
company also holds interests in four other
non-operated exploration licences.
Germany A Shell company holds a 50% interest in the
Brigitta & Elwerath Betriebsfuehrungsgesellschaft (BEB)
50:50 joint venture. BEB is involved in some 30
concessions with varying interests and is the main
operator in Germany.
Ireland Shell E&P Ireland Ltd. (Shell interest 100%) is
the operator for the Corrib Gas Project (Shell interest
45%), currently under development. Shell has agreed to
modify the route of the onshore pipeline and community
consultation began in late 2006. A modified route is
expected to be identified in 2008 and applications for
consent for this new route will be submitted
thereafter. Shell has further exploration interests in
six licences offshore Ireland, of which four are
operated and two are non-operated.
Italy Shell Italia E&P S.p.A.s (Shell interest 100%)
main assets are onshore in southern Italy and consist
of Val dAgri, which is in production and is operated
by Eni (Shell interest 39.23%) and Tempa Rossa,
operated by Total (Shell interest 25%), which is at the
onset of its development phase. Shell Italia E&P S.p.A
also has 100% interests in nearby exploration
prospects, as well as a 30% interest in an oil
transport and storage company (Società Oleodotti
Meridionali), jointly owned with Eni.
The Netherlands The Shell share of natural gas and
crude oil in the Netherlands is produced by Nederlandse
Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (NAM), a 50:50 joint venture
between Shell and ExxonMobil. An important part of
NAMs gas production is from its onshore Groningen gas
field, in which the Dutch state has a 40% financial
interest through the wholly state-owned company EBN.
NAMs production of oil and gas is covered by
production licences. In 2007, NAM announced its
decision to resume oil production in the Schoonebeek
(Shell interest 30%) oil field.
Government participation in development and production
is 40% or 50% mainly depending on the legislation
applicable at the time the licences were granted. This
applies to all licences except one offshore and a
number of older onshore production licences.
Norway A/S Norske Shell holds an interest in a number
of production licences, seven of which involve
producing oil and gas fields. A/S Norske Shell also
holds an interest in potential development assets. On
December 1, 2007, Shell assumed responsibility for
operations of the Ormen Lange gas field, which was
developed with sea-floor installations
at depths of
between 850 and 1,100 metres. The development involved
an onshore plant/terminal and pipelines for transport
to the markets in the UK and continental Europe.
Shell International Pipelines Inc. (Shell interest
100%) holds interests in several Norwegian gas
transportation and processing systems, pipelines and
terminals. During 2007, Shell sold its equity
interests in the undeveloped Skarv and Idun fields.
UK Shell UK Limited (Shell interest 100%) is one of
the largest
integrated oil and gas exploration and production
companies operating in the UK (by production volumes).
It operates a significant number of its interests in
the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) on behalf of a 50:50
joint venture with ExxonMobil.
Most of Shell UKs production comes from the North Sea.
Natural gas comes from associated gas in mixed oil and
gas fields in the northern sector of the North Sea and
gas fields in the southern sector. Crude oil comes from
the central and northern fields. In the Atlantic Margin
area, Shell also has interests as a non-operating
partner principally in the West of Shetlands area
including the Schiehallion, Clair and Loyal fields.
The UKCS is a mature area and although Shell has
invested significantly over the past decade to extend
field lives, organic growth has been more of a
challenge with new field discoveries significantly
smaller than discoveries 15-20 years ago.
In 2007, Shell and ExxonMobil announced their intention
to investigate market interest and valuation on their
equity interests in a number of Northern North Sea
assets, which include operated interests in Cormorant
Alpha, Cormorant North, Tern, Eider, Kestrel and
Pelican and non-operated interests in Otter and Hudson,
as well as an operated interest in the Brent oil
evacuation system. Shell and ExxonMobil reached an
agreement with Fairfield Energy and Mitsubishi
Corporation for the sale of the Dunlin Cluster in the
North Sea covering the Dunlin, Dunlin South West,
Osprey and Merlin fields, with completion of the deal
still pending government approval.
Ukraine In 2006, Shell Ukraine Exploration and
Production entered into a joint activity agreement
(JAA) with Ukrgazvydobuvannya (UGV), a subsidiary of
NaftoGasUkrainy (NAK), to explore for oil and gas
across eight licences in the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin in
central-eastern Ukraine.
The JAA which covers licences, agreed work programme
levels and the terms of joint activities, gives Shell
a 50% interest in the joint activities (excluding
existing producing fields) in exchange for a
commitment that comprises acquisition of seismic data
and drilling of deep exploration wells over a
three-year period. Seismic studies are expected to
begin in 2008.
Algeria During 2007, Shell Algeria Reggane GmbH and
Shell Algeria Zerafa GmbH (SARG and SAZG, Shell
interest 80%) continued their exploration campaign in
the permits Reggane Djebel Hirane and Zerafa in
Algeria under a PSC with Algeria-based Sonatrach. The
first phase of the PSC extends to September 2008.
Liwa, a subsidiary of Mubudala Development Company, an
Abu Dhabi Investment Company, has an interest of 20%
in both permits, subject to final government approval.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 29
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
Cameroon Pecten Cameroon Company (PCC) (Shell interest
80%) has a 40% working interest in a PCC operated
property (Mokoko-Abana) and a 24.5% interest in a
non-operated property (Rio del Rey). PCC has a 50%
interest in exploration licence Dissoni (a PSC), which
can
reduce to 37.5% depending on state participation after
a commercial discovery.
Gabon Shell Gabon (Shell interest 75%) has interests in
nine onshore mining concessions/exploitation permits,
six of which (Rabi/Kounga, Gamba/Ivinga, Toucan, Awoun,
Totou and Bende) are operated by the company. The
Rabi/Kounga PSC expires in 2022. The Gamba/Ivinga
concession expires in 2042. The Toucan PSC expires in
2023 while the Totou/Bende PSC expires in 2021. In
Awoun, an Exclusive Exploitation Authorisation has been
asked for the Koula field for a duration of 20 years
from 2008. The other three concessions/PSCs (Avocette,
Coucal and Atora) expire between 2010 and 2021 and are
operated by Total Gabon.
Shells production in Gabon is dominated by the Rabi
field (Shell interest 42.5%). Shell Gabons portfolio
includes two more producing fields: Toucan (near Rabi)
and Gamba. A Shell company, Shell Offshore North Gabon
B.V. (SONG), holds the Igoumou Marin permit in
ultra-deep water. In 2007, Shell signed two exploration
and production sharing contracts in offshore central
Gabon.
Libya In May 2005, Shell and the National Oil
Corporation of the Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya (NOC) signed an agreement for the
rejuvenation and upgrade of the existing LNG plant at
Marsa Al Brega on the Libyan coast, together with
exploration and development of five areas located in
Libyas major oil and gas producing Sirte Basin.
Initial seismic acquisition and analysis is now
complete and exploration drilling is planned to
commence in 2008. The engineering phase of the
rejuvenation is also complete and construction work on
Marsa Al Brega is expected to start in 2008 under the
management of an NOC subsidiary. In December 2007,
Shell Exploration and Development Libya GmbH was
awarded two exploration blocks (Area 89, blocks 1 and
3) in Libyas Sirte Basin in the EPSA 4.4 licensing
round. The award is subject to final government
ratification.
Nigeria The Shell Petroleum Development Company of
Nigeria Ltd. (SPDC) (Shell interest 100%) is operator
of a joint venture (Shell interest 30%) with the
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Total
(10%) and Agip (5%). The ventures onshore oil mining
leases (OML) expire in 2019 and the shallow water
offshore leases expire in 2008.
Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Ltd.
(SNEPCO) (Shell interest 100%) operates under a PSC
with a 55% working interest in deep-water blocks OML
118 and OML 135 in partnership with ExxonMobil, Total
and Agip. SNEPCO also has a 49.81% interest in
deep-water blocks OML 125 and OML 134 (Agip operated),
a 43.75% interest in deep-water block OML 133
(ExxonMobil operated), and a 40% interest in shallow
water block OPL 238 (co-venturer Sunlink 60% interest).
The OPL 250 contractor group, which includes Shell
Nigeria Offshore Prospecting Limited (SNOP) (Shell
interest 100%), has withdrawn from the PSC it entered
into with NNPC in 2001.
Shell Nigeria Ultra Deep Limited (SNUD) (Shell
interest 100%) has a 100% interest in block OPL 245
(PSC).
30 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Shell Nigeria Upstream Ventures (SNUV) (Shell interest
100%) has a disputed 40% equity interest in OML 122
(co-venturer Peak Petroleum).
Shell Nigeria Exploration Properties Alpha Ltd.
(SNEPA) (Shell interest 100%) operates under a 100%
working interest in deep-water block OPL 322 (40%
Shell interest, 50% PSC with NNPC, 10% PSC with
indigenous operator Dajo Oil).
Shell Nigeria Exploration Properties Beta Ltd.
(SNEPB), (Shell interest 100%) has a 27% working
interest in deep-water block OPL 318 (PSC,
ConocoPhillips operated 35%, ChevronTexaco 18%, NPDC
20%).
Australia Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd (SDA),
(Shell interest 100%) has interests in a number of
offshore production and exploration licences in the
Carnarvon Basin, namely the North West Shelf (NWS) and
Greater Gorgon fields, as well as exploration licences
in the Browse Basin and Timor Sea area. The interests
are held directly and/or indirectly through a 34%
shareholding in Woodside Petroleum Ltd. Woodside is
the operator on behalf of six joint venture
participants of the NWS gas/condensate and oil fields.
Gas and condensate are produced from the North Rankin
and Goodwyn facilities to an onshore treatment and LNG
facility on the Burrup Peninsula.
Shell has interests in the significant liquids-rich
Sunrise gas field in the Timor Sea, as well as the
Browse Basin. SDA is also a non-operating participant
(25%) in the Gorgon joint venture (operator Chevron
Australia Pty Ltd) covering a number of gas fields in
the Greater Gorgon area of the Carnarvon Basin,
situated west of Barrow Island. Shell also has rights
to the gas in the Crux field (AC/P23) operated by Nexus
Energy Ltd.
In 2007, SDA divested to PETRONAS its 25% interest in
the NT/P48 Permit, which includes the Evans Shoal
joint venture in the Timor Sea offshore Australias
Northern Territory.
In 2007, the Prelude discovery was made in the 100%
Shell owned WA-371-P block in the Browse Basin, marking
a successful return of Shell as an operator in
Australia. Shell also has a 22% indirect interest in
the Persephone discovery by Woodside, in Australias
NWS.
In early 2008, SDA purchased, subject to government
approvals, three exploration permits offshore northwest
Australia from Octanex N.L. and Strata Resources N.L.
(members of the Albers Group of Companies). Also in
early 2008, SDA agreed to sell its share in the
Cossack-Wanaea-Lambert-Hermes and the Egret oil
ventures and certain oil exploration opportunities in
the NWS to Woodside.
Brunei Shell is a 50:50 shareholder with the Brunei
government in Brunei Shell Petroleum Company Sendirian
Berhad (BSP). BSP, which has long-term oil and gas
concession rights both onshore and offshore Brunei,
sells most of its natural gas production to Brunei LNG
Sendirian Berhad (Shell interest 25%). In 2006, oil
production started from the first well from Phase III
of the Champion West field (Shell interest 50%) using
Shells Smart Fields® technology. Other important
primary development projects (such as Mampak Block 4
and Bugan Phase 2) are being matured. In 2007, BSP
announced the discovery of gas in the Bubut structure.
Shell Deepwater Borneo Ltd. (Shell interest 100%)
has a 35% non-operating share in the Block B Joint Venture (BBJV) concession where gas is produced from
the Maharaja Lela Field, and a 54% operating
interest in exploration Block A.
China Shell participates in the offshore South China
Sea Xijiang oil producing fields (Shell interest
ranges between 24.5% and 47.8%). Shell holds some 50%
interest in full field development of the Changbei gas
field in the Ordos Basin, onshore China, in
partnership with PetroChina Company Limited. Shell
also holds a 61% interest in the Jilin Shell Oil Shale
Development Company Limited for minerals exploration,
exploitation and development of oil shale resources.
In 2007, Shell acquired a 55% interest in the North
Shilou coalbed methane project from Verona
Development Corporation.
Malaysia Shell Malaysia Exploration & Production
companies have 18 PSCs with the national oil company
PETRONAS. In many of these contracts PETRONAS Carigali
Sendirian Berhad (PCSB), a 100% PETRONAS subsidiary, is
the sole joint venture partner. Shell is the operator,
with a 50% working interest, of nine non-associated
producing gas fields and the operator, with a 37.5%
working interest, of a further two non-associated
producing gas fields in Sarawak. Over 92% of the gas is
supplied to the MLNG, MLNG Dua and MLNG Tiga plants
(Shell interest 15% in MLNG Dua & Tiga plants) for
deliveries of LNG to customers mainly in Japan, Korea
and Taiwan.
Regarding oil production and exploration, Shell has a
40% interest in the non-operated Baram Delta PSC, a 50%
interest in the development of the SK308 discovered
fields and exploration interests in the deep-water SK-E
block and inboard SK-307 block. In Sabah, Shell
operates four producing offshore fields with PSCs for
the exploration and development of Blocks SB-301, SB-G,
SB-J, ND-6 and ND-7. In 2007, an oil discovery was
announced in Block SB-G. Also in 2007, Shell signed a
PSC with PETRONAS to gain a 30% interest in the
Kebabangan Cluster fields, and together with PETRONAS,
ConocoPhillips and Murphy Oil Corporation, Shell took
final investment decision to proceed with the
development of the Gumusut-Kakap deep-water field.
In peninsula Malaysia, Shell holds a 50% interest in
offshore Blocks PM-301 and PM-302, which are operated
by a joint operating company with Shell and PCSB as
shareholders.
New Zealand Shell has a 83.75% interest in the
production licence for the offshore Maui gas field. In
addition, Shell has a 50% interest in the onshore
Kapuni gas field and a 48% interest in the Pohokura gas
field. The gas produced is sold domestically, mainly
under long-term contracts. Shell also has interests in
other exploration licence areas in the Taranaki Basin.
The Maui and Kapuni interests are operated by Shell
Todd Oil Services Ltd, a service company (Shell
interest 50%), with the Pohokura field operated by
Shell Exploration New Zealand Limited (Shell interest
100%).
Philippines Shell holds a 45% interest in the
deep-water PSC for block SC-38. The SC-38 interest
includes a production licence over the Malampaya and
San Martin fields. Current production is gas and
condensate from the Malampaya field via a platform
north-west of the island of Palawan. Shell also holds
a 55% interest (and is operator) in SC-60, converted
from the geophysical survey and exploration contract
GSEC-99, covering a relatively unexplored area
offshore north-east Palawan.
MIDDLE EAST, RUSSIA AND CIS
Abu Dhabi Crude oil and natural gas liquids are
produced by the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil
Operations in which a Shell companys concessionary
share is 9.5% (licence expiry in 2014), arising from a
23.75% Shell interest in the Abu Dhabi Petroleum
Company, which in turn holds a 40% interest in the
concession granted by the Abu Dhabi government. A Shell
company has a 15% interest in Abu Dhabi Gas Industries
Limited, which extracts propane and butane, as well as
heavier liquid hydrocarbons, for export sales from
associated wet natural gas produced by Abu Dhabi
Petroleum Company.
Egypt Shell Egypt (Shell interest 100%) participates as
operator in five exploration concessions and has
interests in four development leases, which are
operated by Joint Venture Badr El-Din Petroleum Company
(Bapetco). All concessions and leases are granted on
the basis of PSCs. In 2007, Shell completed the sale of
a 33% equity stake in the Northeast Mediterranean
Deep-water (NEMed) concession located offshore Egypt to
ONGC Videsh Ltd. As a result of the dilution Shell now
has a 51% interest in NEMed. Shell Egypt has a 50%
interest in Bapetco, a joint venture company with the
Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (the Egyptian
national oil company). Bapetco executes the operations
for those producing fields where Shell is the operator.
Iran In early 2007, Shell and Repsol entered into a
service contract with respect to development of the
South Pars fields for the Persian LNG project. However,
the parties will not reach a final decision on whether
to proceed with the project until the remaining
significant commercial and engineering work is
complete.
A Shell company (Shell interest 100%) has a 70%
interest in an agreement with the National Iranian Oil
Company (NIOC). The development phase is finished and
all permanent facilities were handed over to NIOC in
2005. Since then, the Soroosh/Nowrooz fields have been
producing with NIOC responsible for all aspects of the
operations. The term of the agreement expires when all
petroleum costs and the remuneration fee have been
recovered, which is expected to occur by 2012.
Kazakhstan A Shell company (Shell interest 100%)
currently holds an 18.52% interest in the North Caspian
PSC (Kashagan) in respect of some 6,000 square
kilometres in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea.
In early 2008, the international members of the
Kashagan consortium agreed to sell their participating
interests proportionally, allowing the Kazakhstans
national oil companys, KazMunaiGas (KMG), stake to
increase to match that of the four major shareholders
(if the sale is concluded, Shell interest would
decrease to 16.81%). Oil and gas discoveries at
Kalamkas, Aktote, Kairan and Kashagan SW are being
further appraised. Shell holds a 50% interest in the
Arman joint venture, a small onshore producing company.
Shell has a 55% interest in the Pearls PSA which was
signed in 2005 with KazMunaiTeniz, an offshoot of KMG
(25%), and Oman Pearls, a subsidiary of Oman Oil (20%).
The Pearls block is operated by the Caspi Meruerty
Operating Company, which Shell has a 40% interest in,
along with KMT (40%) and Oman Oil (20%). In 2007, the
exploration well Khazar-1 discovered oil and gas
reservoirs in the Pearls area, which is
Royal Dutch Shell plc 31
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION
another confirmation of the high potential of the
Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea. Shell has a
5.5% interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.
Oman A Shell company has a 34% interest in Petroleum
Development Oman (PDO), which is the operator of an
oil concession expiring in 2044. The government of
Oman holds a 60% interest in the concession and
Private Oil Holdings Oman Ltd. (POHOL) holds the
remaining 40%. A Shell company has an 85% shareholding
in POHOL.
PDO has a number of pilots and commercial-scale
projects under way using all three main enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) technologies thermal, chemical and
miscible gas. Harweel aims to increase recovery up to
four-fold and was the first miscible gas flood EOR
project in the global Shell portfolio. Qarn Alam, on
which final investment decision was taken in 2007, is
one of the worlds largest steam injection EOR projects
in a fractured carbonate reservoir.
Shell Technology Oman, a regional EOR research and
development hub, was established in November 2006.
Shell Technology Oman works closely with PDO and the
Oil and Gas Research Centre of Sultan Qaboos University
and its focus is on thermal and chemical EOR.
A Shell company is a 17% participant in the
PSA operated by Occidental, to develop the
Mukhaizna oil field.
Pakistan A Shell company (Shell interest 100%) holds
a 28% non-operated interest in the Bhit and Badhra
development and production leases. These leases were
excised from the Kirthar exploration licence, which
was relinquished in 2003. Another Shell company
(Shell interest 100%) holds 25% of an operated
deep-water licence offshore of Pakistan.
Qatar In July 2006, Qatar Petroleum and Shell launched
the world-scale Pearl GTL project, which is being
developed under a development and PSA with the
government of Qatar. Shell provides 100% of project
funding. The fully-integrated project includes upstream
production of some 1.6 billion cubic feet per day of
wellhead gas from Qatars North Field, and the
transport and processing of the gas to produce around
120,000 boe per day of condensate, liquefied petroleum
gas and ethane.
In July 2007, Qatar Petroleum and Shell announced the
incorporation of Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited
(4), a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum (70%) and
Shell (30%), which will own the Qatargas 4 projects
onshore and offshore assets. The Qatargas 4 project
comprises upstream gas production facilities to produce
approximately 1.4 billion cubic feet per day of natural
gas, including an average of approximately 70,000 boe
per day of LPG and condensate from Qatars North Field
over the 25-year life of the project.
Russia In April 2007, Shell and its partners completed
the divestment to OAO Gazprom of 50% of their interest
plus one share in Sakhalin Energy Investment Company
Ltd (SEIC) in Russia (See Summary of results, page
17). Gazprom acquired a 50% interest plus one share
while Shell retains a 27.5% interest minus one share,
with Mitsui and Mitsubishi holding 12.5% and 10%
interest, respectively.
Salym Petroleum Development (Shell interest 50%)
continued to increase production from its Salym
fields in Western Siberia, having crossed a
threshold of 100,000 b/d in October, 2007.
Saudi Arabia Shell is a party to the joint venture
conducting an exploration programme in the Rub
Al-Khali area in the south of the Kingdom. Shell had
a 40% interest in the project with Saudi Aramco
holding a 30% interest. Total, who previously held
the remaining 30% interest has, in early 2008,
withdrawn from the joint venture. The remaining joint
venture partners are in the process of agreeing to a
new shareholding structure.
Syria A registered branch of Syria Shell Petroleum
Development B.V. (Shell interest 100%) holds undivided
participating interests ranging from 62.5% to 66.67% in
three PSCs that expire between 2008 and 2014 (Deir Ez
Zor, Fourth Annex and Ash Sham). In addition, Shell is
party to a gas utilisation agreement for the
collection, processing and sharing of natural gas from
designated fields for use in Syrian power generation
and other industrial plants. Operations under these
contracts are performed by Al Furat Petroleum Company
(AFPC), a Syrian joint stock company in which Syria
Shell Petroleum Development B.V. holds a 31.25%
interest. A Shell company also entered into two PSCs,
effective from February 2007, for Block 13 and 15 in
the South of Syria. Work on the first four-year
exploration period started in 2007.
USA
Shell Exploration & Production Company (SEPCo), (Shell
interest 100%) produces crude oil, natural gas and NGL
principally in the Gulf of Mexico, California (AERA),
South Texas and Wyoming (Pinedale). The majority of
SEPCos oil and gas production interests are acquired
under leases granted by the owner of the minerals
underlying relevant acreage (including many leases for
federal onshore and offshore tracts). Such leases are
currently running on an initial fixed term that is
automatically extended by the establishment of
production for so long as production continues, subject
to compliance with the terms of the lease (including,
in the case of federal leases, extensive regulations
imposed by federal law).
In 2007, SEPCo acquired exploration interests in
acreage located in offshore Alaska, Utah, New Mexico
and Louisiana, where current and future exploration
activities are being pursued. Also in 2007, SEPCo
acquired additional exploration interests in the Gulf
of Mexico through its successful participation in
lease sales 204 & 205, and made two notable
discoveries, Vicksburg and West Tonga, in the Gulf of
Mexico.
SEPCo planned exploratory drilling in Alaskas Beaufort
Sea in 2007 and achieved agreement to protect
subsistence whaling, important to the native culture.
However, a court challenge to permitting agency
authority prevented drilling.
In 2007, Shell successfully acquired seismic in the
Beaufort and Chukchi Seas and is proceeding with
exploration plans for 2008, subject to a favourable
ruling from the court. In early 2008, Shell was
announced as the apparent high bidder on 275 of the 302
blocks on which it bid in the Chukchi Sea Lease Sale
193. The formal awarding of the blocks is pending
completion of the US Minerals Management Service
standard bid review process.
In the Gulf of Mexico, SEPCo progressed development
of the Perdido Regional host project, where it holds
a 35% interest. Moored in approximately 8,000 feet of
water, this will be the deepest spar production
facility in the world. Perdido well pre-drilling
began in mid 2007 with first production expected
around the end of the decade. SEPCo also began
production from the Deimos subsea development through
the Mars platform in mid-2007.
32 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Affiliates of SEPCo hold a 51.8% interest in a US-based
exploration and production limited liability company, Aera Energy
LLC, holding exploration and production assets in
California.
SEPCo holds three leases awarded in 2006 by the US
Bureau of Land Management to allow it to conduct oil
shale research, development and demonstration
activities in the Piceance Basin in north-west
Colorado.
In 2007, SEPCo divested exploratory acreage and
minor producing properties in the Fort Worth Basin
and Wilcox Trend, both in Texas, and the Arkoma
Basin in Arkansas, as well as its interests in
several mature Gulf of Mexico platforms.
OTHER WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Argentina Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo
(CAPSA, Shell interest 100%) holds a 22.5% interest
in the Acambuco concession.
Brazil Shell Brasil Ltda (Shell interest 100%) produces
oil and gas in the Bijupirá and Salema fields located
in the Campos Basin, offshore Rio de Janeiro, where the
company is the operator with an 80% interest. Shell
Brasils portfolio also includes interests in 10
offshore exploration blocks (3 operated by Shell) in
Brazilian core basins of Campos, Santos and Espirito
Santo. Shell interest in these blocks ranges from 20%
to 100%.
In 2007, Shell continued to work on the development of
the BC-10 fields, Ostra, Argonauta and Abalone, located
in the offshore Campos Basin. The first phase
development project, which is operated by Shell (50%
interest), includes 9 production wells and one gas
injection well tied back to an FPSO moored in around
5,800 feet. First oil from BC-10 Phase 1 is expected
around the turn of the decade.
Shell is also the operator of two heavy oil fields in
block BS-4, in the Santos Basin, where potential
development concepts are being assessed.
Through Pecten Brazil Exploration Co. (Shell
interest 100%), Shell retains an economic interest
via a service contract in the producing Merluza gas
field, operated by Petrobras, in the offshore Santos
Basin.
Canada Shell Canada Limited (Shell interest 100%) is
a producer of natural gas, NGL, bitumen, synthetic
crude and sulphur.
The majority of Shell Canadas gas production comes
from the Foothills region of Alberta. Shell Canada
also owns and operates four natural gas processing and
sulphur extraction plants in southern and
south-central Alberta, and is among the worlds
largest producers and marketers of sulphur. In
addition, it holds a 31.3% interest in the Sable
Offshore Energy Project, a natural gas complex
offshore eastern Canada.
In 2007, Shell Canadas unconventional gas development
efforts progressed in west-central Alberta and
east-central British Columbia through continued land
acquisition, its drilling programme, and investment in
infrastructure facilitating new production. Shell has
exploration rights on an approximately 800,000 acre
tenure in northwest British Columbia where it looks to
continue a coal bed methane test well program. Shell
also has a non-operating 20% interest in an early stage
deep-water exploration asset, off the east coast of
Newfoundland and is a co-venturer in the Mackenzie Gas
Pipeline proposal in northern Canada.
Shell is also the largest landholder offshore West
Coast, which remains under a government moratorium.
Exploration rights in Canada are generally granted for
varying terms depending upon the provincial
jurisdiction and applicable regulations. Subject to
certain conditions, exploration rights can be converted to production
leases, which may be extended as long as there is
commercial production pursuant to the lease.
Shell Canada produces heavy oil through cold (primary)
production and thermal (enhanced) recovery in the Peace
River area of Alberta. In 2007, Shell Canada started up
a steam assisted gravity drainage project (Phase 1)
near Cold Lake, Alberta. Shell Canada also holds a 20%
non-operated interest in the Ells River in-situ bitumen
project about 20 kilometres west of Ft. McKay.
Shell Canada holds 19 land parcels in Northern Alberta
(approximately 290,000 acres) where it is evaluating
heavy oil resources for potential development.
Late in 2007, the Alberta government announced a new
royalty framework. Details of the provisions are to be
clarified by the government in 2008, with
implementation scheduled for January 1, 2009.
Colombia Shell Exploration and Production Company
and the Colombian national oil company, Ecopetrol,
signed an exploration farm-in agreement in 2007
under which Shell becomes a co-venturer (Shell
interest 50%) in the Ecopetrol-operated Caño Sur
Block in the Llanos Basin of Colombia.
Venezuela Shell Exploration and Production Investments
B.V. (Shell interest 100%) holds a 40% interest in a
joint venture with the state oil company, Petroleos de
Venezuela (PDVSA), to develop and produce the Urdaneta
West Field in Lake Maracaibo. The joint venture, which
took effect in 2006, is called Petroregional Del Lago,
S.A. (PERLA) and replaced the previous operating
services agreement.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 33
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Gas & Power
HIGHLIGHTS
|
|
Segment earnings up 6%. |
|
|
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) sales volume up 9%. |
|
|
Record LNG volumes, high plant reliability
and strong pricing delivered robust LNG
operational earnings. |
|
|
Nigeria LNG Train 6 declared ready for start up in December 2007. |
|
|
Five LNG trains under construction at year
end in ventures located in Russia, Qatar and
Australia. |
|
|
Progress on development of major new LNG
projects such as Gorgon in Australia. |
|
|
Divestment of the remaining common units
in Enterprise Products Partners LP in the
USA. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS[A] |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Revenue (including intersegment sales) |
|
|
17,038 |
|
|
|
17,338 |
|
|
|
15,872 |
|
Purchases (including change in inventories) |
|
|
(12,870 |
) |
|
|
(12,778 |
) |
|
|
(13,114 |
) |
Depreciation |
|
|
(315 |
) |
|
|
(284 |
) |
|
|
(372 |
) |
Operating expenses |
|
|
(3,466 |
) |
|
|
(3,083 |
) |
|
|
(2,251 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
1,852 |
|
|
|
1,509 |
|
|
|
1,007 |
|
Other income/(expense) |
|
|
739 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
(299 |
) |
|
|
15 |
|
Segment earnings from continuing operations |
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
As from 2007, the Gas & Power earnings include
earnings generated by the wind and solar businesses,
which were previously reported as part of Other
industry segments. For comparison purposes, the 2006
and 2005 earnings have been reclassified accordingly,
resulting in a reduction of $17 million in 2006 and
$195 million in 2005. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTRIES IN WHICH GAS & POWER HAS OPERATIONS |
Europe
|
|
Africa
|
|
Middle East,
|
|
Asia Pacific
|
|
USA |
Denmark
|
|
Ghana
|
|
Russia, CIS[A]
|
|
Australia |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Libya
|
|
Egypt
|
|
Brunei
|
|
Canada |
Greece
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Iran
|
|
China |
|
|
Hungary
|
|
|
|
Oman
|
|
India
|
|
Other Western |
Italy
|
|
|
|
Qatar
|
|
Japan
|
|
Hemisphere |
The Netherlands
|
|
|
|
Russia
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Bolivia |
Norway
|
|
|
|
United Arab
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Brazil |
Spain
|
|
|
|
Emirates
|
|
South Korea
|
|
Mexico |
Turkey |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ukraine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Commonwealth of Independent States. |
34 Royal Dutch Shell plc
OVERVIEW
Gas & Power is part of the upstream business, which
also includes Exploration & Production. Gas & Power
liquefies and transports natural gas and develops
natural gas markets and related infrastructure. With
our joint venture partners, we continue to deliver LNG
into the Asia-Pacific, European and North American
markets, mainly through long-term contracts to utility
companies. Through our European and North American
marketing organisations, we supplied some of this LNG
in addition to local Shell and third-party gas
production to a broad range of customers, including
industrial and commercial customers and distribution
companies.
We continued to grow our position as one of the worlds
largest LNG producers during 2007. We have interests in
operational gas liquefaction ventures in five different
countries. LNG sales are expected to grow in the coming
years following the completion of five new LNG trains
currently under construction. We expanded our gas
marketing and trading business through entering new
countries in Europe and an acquisition in North
America. We are growing the worlds largest gas to
liquids (GTL) business by constructing a major new
plant in Qatar to add to our operating venture in
Bintulu, Malaysia. Our coal conversion business
expanded with the issuing of four new
coal gasification licences and the start up of five
coal gasification plants in China using our licensed
technology. Our wind energy business also continues to
develop.
Gas & Power has operations in 33 countries around the
world and employed on average 3,000 people during
2007. In 2007, revenue was $17.0 billion with segment
earnings of $2.8 billion. The overall growth in the
business is reflected in our earnings, the delivery of
record LNG sales volumes and higher capital
investment. LNG currently generates the majority of
Gas & Power earnings and this is expected to continue.
Therefore, LNG sales volumes is deemed to be the most
important performance indicator for Gas & Power.
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Segment earnings in 2007 were $2,781 million, a 6%
increase over 2006. The earnings in 2007 included net
gains of $275 million, mainly related to the sale of
common units in Enterprise Products Partners LP.
Excluding these items, earnings decreased by 5% from
2006. The earnings decrease was mainly due to lower
earnings from marketing and trading activities as
result of less favourable overall trading conditions
in both Europe and North America. It was partly offset
by higher earnings from record LNG sales volumes, as
well as strong LNG and GTL prices reflecting high
crude oil and natural gas prices.
Segment earnings in 2006 were $2,633 million, 91%
higher than in 2005, mainly due to higher LNG sales
volumes, LNG and GTL prices reflecting high crude oil
and natural gas prices, LNG supply optimisation, a
strong performance from marketing and trading
activities in Europe and North America, and higher
dividends from our investments. Results in 2005
included net charges of $84 million, mainly related to
asset divestments and impairment; excluding these items
earnings in 2006 increased by 80% over 2005.
LNG sales volumes in 2007 of 13.18 million tonnes were
a record, an increase of 9% from 2006 (12.12 million
tonnes). The volume increase was mainly driven by
increased gas supply to the Nigeria LNG venture (Shell
interest 26%). This was complemented by high
liquefaction plant
reliability across all the operational liquefaction plants in which Shell has an interest.
LNG sales volumes in 2006 were up 14% from 2005
driven mainly by the start-up of the fourth and fifth
train at Nigeria LNG (Shell interest 26%), and Qalhat
LNG in Oman (Shell indirect interest 11%).
LNG volumes to India, utilising the Hazira
regasification terminal completed in 2005 (Shell
interest 74%), increased in 2007. More LNG volumes
were delivered into Mexico in 2007, following the
commissioning of the Altamira LNG regasification
terminal in 2006 (Shell interest 50%, with rights to
75% of the terminal capacity).
OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY
The business environment for natural gas remains
robust. We expect natural gas demand growth to remain
around 2-3% per annum over the medium term, reflecting
moderate economic growth. Demand weakness, if it
occurred, would likely be the result of a severe
economic downturn. LNG demand is expected to continue
to grow at around 8-10% per annum for the next few
years with growth in all major markets.
We anticipate LNG prices in Asia Pacific to remain
strong in the foreseeable future due to strong demand
from traditional markets such as Japan and Korea and
growing demand from the emerging markets in China and
India. Concerns over the cost, security and
environmental impact of conventional energy supply will
continue to increase interest in alternative sources of
energy, including clean coal and wind.
Our strategy remains unchanged. We seek to build our
position as one of the worlds largest natural gas
producers and suppliers of LNG, with a significant
presence in the key markets of North America, Asia
Pacific and Europe. We aim to access and monetise new
natural gas resources by offering competitive value
propositions to our customers and major resource
holders. In doing so, we leverage a diverse natural gas
portfolio; global capabilities including commercial
skills, financing, marketing, trading, shipping and
project management expertise; premium market access
(for LNG and GTL); and leading technology and technical
skills.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Capital investment in 2007 of $3.5 billion was 50%
higher than the $2.4 billion of capital investment in
2006. The capital investment increase from 2006 is
mainly due to higher spending on the Qatar Pearl GTL
project following the final investment decision in
July 2006. Investment also continued on LNG plants
including Nigeria LNG Train 6, North West Shelf Train
5, Sakhalin II Trains 1 and 2 and Qatargas 4, as well
as the 164 MW Mount Storm Phase I wind energy project
in the USA.
In Australia, Woodside Petroleum Ltd (Shell interest
34%) formally launched the development of the Pluto
I LNG project in North West Australia. State and
Federal environmental approvals were granted for the
Pluto I LNG project in October 2007.
In April 2007, Shell and its partners completed the
divestment to OAO Gazprom of 50% of their interest
plus one share in Sakhalin Energy Investment Company
Ltd (SEIC) in Russia (see Summary of results, page
17).
In the USA, as part of a long-term structured exit
strategy, we concluded the sale of Shells
participation in Enterprise Products Partners LP.
Also in the USA, the final investment decision was
taken in the fourth quarter on the 100 MW expansion of the Mount Storm
wind project in the USA (Shell interest 50%).
In Europe, Shell and ExxonMobil agreed to sell their
joint interest in the German gas transportation
business of BEB to N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie. Completion
of the sale is expected in 2008.
In November 2007, Shell entered into an agreement
for the sale of an LNG vessel. The sale was
completed in early 2008.
During the year, Shell completed the divestment
of its rural solar businesses in India and Sri
Lanka.
Capital investment in 2006 of $2.4 billion, including
the minority interest share of capital investment in
the Sakhalin II project of $400 million, was 42% higher
than the $1.7 billion of capital investment in 2005.
There was no major divestment activity in 2006. In
2005, Shell sold its interest in InterGen, a power
generation joint venture operating in several
countries.
NEW BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
In Australia, the North West Shelf venture (Shell
direct and indirect interest 22%) completed the renewal
of long-term LNG purchase commitments with eight
Japanese customers, totalling 4.3 million tonnes per
annum (100%) over 6 to 8 years as from 2009.
Shell and Petrochina concluded a binding heads of
agreement for the supply of 1 million tonnes per annum
of LNG for 20 years from the Gorgon project in North
West Australia (Shell interest 25%), conditional on a
final investment decision being taken by the Gorgon
joint venture partners. The Gorgon project received
federal environmental approval during the year.
In Qatar, Shell and Qatar Petroleum announced the
formation of Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (4),
a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum (70%) and
Shell (30%), which signed a sale and purchase
agreement with Shell as the buyer of the LNG volumes
(up to 7.8 mtpa) produced by the joint venture. An
agreement was also signed with Qatargas Transport
Company Limited (Nakilat), in which Shell was
appointed as the shipping and maritime services
provider for Nakilats fleet of at least 25 newly
built liquefied natural gas carriers.
Shell and Gazprom signed an agreement under which
Gazprom will supply 250 million cubic metres of natural
gas per annum from 2007 until 2021 to Shell in Turkey.
The agreement follows a gas contract release tender
organised by Botas, the Turkish natural gas and
pipeline company, that formed part of the gas market
liberalisation process in Turkey.
In Russia, final contracts were signed with further
customers for LNG supply from the Sakhalin II project
(Shell interest 27.5%). Total firm sales over the
plateau period amount to 9.4 million tonnes per
annum, representing 98% of the nameplate capacity of
the plant.
In the USA, Shell entered into an agreement with the
owner of the Elba Island LNG regasification terminal
for 45% of the capacity rights to a terminal expansion
and required pipeline offtake linking the terminal
with the existing main gas pipeline.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 35
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW GAS & POWER
The engineering design of the rejuvenation of the
Marsa Al Brega LNG plant is complete and construction
work is expected to start in 2008 under the management
of a subsidiary of the National Oil Corporation of the
Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
The Dongting coal gasification plant at Yueyang,
China, owned by a joint venture (Shell interest 50%)
with China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation
(Sinopec), began commercial operations in May, 2007.
The plant provides synthesis gas to Sinopec downstream
business units. A further four coal gasification
projects in China using Shell coal gasification
licensed technology also started operations during the
year.
In the UK, Shell signed a licence agreement with
Powerfuel plc, which entitles Powerfuel to use Shell
coal gasification technology in its proposed 900 MW
integrated gasification combined cycle coal fired
power station in South Yorkshire. In the USA, Shell
entered into a licence agreement with Baard Energy
LLC, giving it the right to use Shells proprietary
coal gasification technology in Baards proposed
coal-to-liquid fuel (CTL) project in Ohio.
In Vietnam, a licence agreement was signed with
Vietnam National Chemical Corporation for the use
of the Shell coal gasification technology at the
Ninh Binh fertilizer plant, south of Hanoi.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The focus of Gas & Power research and development (R&D)
is on technical, environmental and cost leadership in
existing businesses and the creation of viable new
business opportunities. A key focus is on maintaining
our competitive position in LNG technology,
particularly in the area of LNG processing, safety,
environmental impact, transport and storage. Shell is
further developing its position in GTL conversion
through R&D programmes aimed at improving catalysts and
process technology to reduce capital costs and improve
process efficiency and environmental performance. GTL
product development is also an important area. In
support of its clean coal energy business, Gas & Power
continued to develop its coal and biomass gasification
technologies and explore additional synthesis gas
(syngas) conversion technologies with an emphasis on
reducing capital costs, increasing scale, feedstock use
and environmental performance.
BUSINESS AND PROPERTY
Our Gas & Power business liquefies, transports and
delivers natural gas to our customers, and develops
natural gas markets and related infrastructure. It also
converts natural gas to liquids to provide clean fuels.
New opportunities are also emerging for application of
our proprietary coal gasification process. Most of
these activities, in particular those involving LNG,
are carried out by equity-accounted investments.
Shell Trading markets and trades natural gas and
electricity in support of Gas & Powers business. Shell
Global Solutions provides business and operational
consultancy, technical services, research and
development and catalysts to the LNG, GTL and coal
gasification businesses of Gas & Power as well as, in
some cases, to third parties.
SHELL INTEREST, DIRECT AND INDIRECT, IN LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANT
CAPACITY (At December
31, 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell interest, |
|
|
100% capacity million |
|
|
|
direct and indirect (%) |
|
|
tonnes per annum[A] |
|
Australia North West Shelf |
|
Karratha |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
11.9 |
|
Brunei LNG |
|
Lumut |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
Malaysia LNG (Dua and Tiga) |
|
Bintulu |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
14.6 |
[B] |
Nigeria LNG |
|
Bonny |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
21.6 |
|
Oman LNG |
|
Sur |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
Qalhat (Oman) LNG |
|
Sur |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
[A] |
|
As reported by the operator. |
[B] |
|
Our interests in the Dua and Tiga plants are due to expire in 2015 and 2023 respectively. |
CAPACITY UNDER CONSTRUCTION (At December 31, 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell interest, |
|
|
100% capacity million |
|
|
|
direct and indirect (%) |
|
|
tonnes per annum[A] |
|
Australia NWS Train 5 |
|
Karratha |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
4.4 |
|
Sakhalin II Train 1&2 |
|
Sakhalin Island |
|
|
27.5 |
|
|
|
9.6 |
|
Qatargas IV |
|
Ras Laffan |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
Australia Pluto I |
|
Karratha |
|
|
31 |
[B] |
|
|
4.3 |
|
|
[A] |
|
As reported by the operator. |
[B] |
|
Based on 90% Woodside shareholding in the Pluto I plant. |
SHELL SHARE OF LNG SALES VOLUME (million tonnes)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Australia |
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
Brunei |
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
Malaysia |
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
Nigeria |
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
Oman |
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
|
|
10.7 |
|
|
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
36 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LNG REGASIFICATION TERMINAL CAPACITY (At December 31, 2007) |
|
|
100% capacity (million tonnes per annum) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell capacity rights |
|
|
Capacity right |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Project name |
|
Location |
|
|
(million tonnes per annum) |
|
|
period |
|
|
Status |
|
Start-up date |
|
|
Huelva |
|
Huelva, Spain |
|
|
0.2 |
[A] |
|
|
2001-2008 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
1988 |
|
Cartagena |
|
Cartagena, Spain |
|
|
0.0 |
[A] |
|
|
2002-2034 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
1989 |
|
Barcelona |
|
Barcelona, Spain |
|
|
0.9 |
[A] |
|
|
2005-2020 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
1969 |
|
Hazira |
|
Gujarat, India |
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
from 2005 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
2005 |
|
Altamira |
|
Altamira, Mexico |
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
from 2006 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cove Point |
|
Lusby, MD, USA |
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
2003-2023 |
|
|
In operation |
|
|
2003 |
|
Elba Island |
|
Elba Island, GA, USA |
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
2006-2036 |
[B] |
|
In operation |
|
|
2006 |
|
Elba Expansion |
|
Elba Island, GA, USA |
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
2010-2035 |
|
|
In construction |
|
|
2010 |
|
Costa Azul |
|
Baja California, Mexico |
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
2008-2028 |
|
|
In construction |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
[A] |
|
Capacity rights as at end 2007, which will change over capacity right period. |
[B] |
|
Capacity leased to third party until 2010. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LNG GAS CARRIERS (At December 31)[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
number of ships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand cubic metres |
|
Contract |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned/demise-hire (LNG) |
|
|
6 |
[A] |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
662 |
|
Time-Charter (LNG)[C] |
|
|
5 |
[B] |
|
|
4 |
[B] |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
573 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1,646 |
|
|
|
1,370 |
|
|
|
942 |
|
|
|
942 |
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
[A] |
|
One of these ships with a capacity of 139,000 cubic metres was held for sale at the end of 2007. |
[B] |
|
Three of these were on flexible charter based on market demand. |
[C] |
|
Excludes LNG ships owned or chartered by LNG joint ventures. |
GTL PLANTS (At December 31, 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location |
|
Shell interest % |
|
100% capacity (bbl/day) |
|
Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malaysia |
|
Bintulu |
|
|
72 |
% |
|
|
14,700 |
|
|
In operation |
Pearl Train 1 |
|
Qatar |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
In construction |
Pearl Train 2 |
|
Qatar |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
In construction |
|
COAL GASIFICATION ASSETS (At December 31, 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100% capacity |
|
|
|
Location |
|
Shell interest % |
|
|
(tonnes/day) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
Yueyang |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
WIND POWER GENERATION CAPACITY (At December 31, 2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Project name |
|
Location |
|
Capacity (MW) |
|
|
Shell interest (%) |
|
Status |
Cabazon Pass |
|
California, USA |
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Whitewater Hill |
|
California, USA |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Rock River |
|
Wyoming, USA |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Top of Iowa |
|
Iowa, USA |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
White Deer |
|
Texas, USA |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Colorado Green |
|
Colorado, USA |
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Brazos |
|
Texas, USA |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Harburg |
|
Harburg, Germany |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
In operation |
La Muela |
|
La Muela, Spain |
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
40 |
% |
|
In operation |
NoordzeeWind |
|
Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands |
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In operation |
Mount Storm Phase I |
|
West Virginia, USA |
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In construction |
Mount Storm Phase II |
|
West Virginia, USA |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
In construction |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 37
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW GAS & POWER
EUROPE
Shell Energy Europe B.V., a wholly-owned Shell company
located in the Netherlands, continued to develop gas
and power activities throughout Europe, and provided
advice and assistance to wholly-owned Shell affiliates
active in the natural gas sector in Denmark, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK,
Ukraine, Turkey and other countries within Europe.
Other specific activities are summarised as follows:
Germany BEB Erdgas und Erdöl GmbH, a joint venture in
which Shell holds 50% interest, is a major producer of
gas in Germany and also one of the countrys gas
transmission companies. Through BEB, Shell has indirect
minority shareholdings in gas transmission, storage and
distribution companies in Germany. In November 2007,
Shell and ExxonMobil agreed to sell their joint
interest in the gas transportation business of BEB to
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie. The sale is expected to be
completed in 2008.
Shell holds a 50% interest in Avancis GmbH, a joint
venture with Saint Gobain, for the manufacture of CIS
thin-film technology solar panels. A small-scale
production facility is under construction and is
expected to be completed around the end of 2008.
Greece A Shell company holds a 24% interest in Attiki
Gas Supply Company S.A., a local gas distribution
company supplying residential, commercial and small
industrial customers. Attiki Gas Supply Company S.A.
holds a distribution licence to develop the
distribution system infrastructure and to distribute
gas to residential, commercial and small industrial
customers in the Athens area.
Hungary In July 2007, Shell announced the expansion
of its activities into natural gas marketing.
Following the successful conclusion of a recent
license application process, Shell has concluded its
first gas sale and purchase agreements with suppliers
and industrial customers.
Italy Work continues on developing the LNG
regasification terminal in Italy based on the joint
venture agreement (Shell interest 50%) entered into
with ERG Power and Gas S.p.A. in June 2005. The
terminal is planned to have an initial capacity of
around 5.8 million tonnes per annum of LNG.
The Netherlands A Shell company holds a 25% interest
in GasTerra B.V., a marketer of Dutch natural gas.
GasTerra was previously operating under the name of
Gasunie Trade & Supply.
Offshore Windpark Egmond aan Zee in the Netherlands has
36 turbines with an overall capacity of 108 MW. It is a
50:50 joint venture between Shell and Nuon.
Spain Shell has contractual interests in three
regasification terminals, a 40% interest in a 99 MW
operational wind park, La Muela, and a long-term
contractual arrangement to supply gas and sell power
from a 754 MW power generation plant.
UK Shell licensed its coal gasification technology to
Powerfuel Plc in April 2007 for the proposed 900 MW
integrated gasification combined cycle power station
in Hatfield, South Yorkshire.
AFRICA
Algeria Shell declined to bid for the integrated
Tinrhert GTL project in 2007. Co-operation continues
between Shell and Sonatrach under a memorandum of
understanding signed in February 2006, covering
multiple business initiatives, both in Algeria and
internationally.
Libya In May 2005, Shell and National Oil Corporation
of the Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
(NOC) signed an LNG development agreement for the
rejuvenation and upgrade of the existing LNG plant at
Marsa Al Brega on the Libyan coast, together with
exploration and development of five areas located in
Libyas major oil and gas producing Sirte Basin. Seismic data acquisition
and analysis is now complete and exploration drilling
is planned to start in 2008. The engineering design of
the rejuvenation of the Marsa Al Brega LNG plant is
also complete and construction is expected to start in
2008 under the management of an NOC subsidiary. Options
to expand Marsa Al Brega and possibly build a new LNG
plant are features of the agreement.
Nigeria Shell has a 26% interest in Nigeria LNG Ltd
(NLNG), which had an LNG capacity at year-end 2007 of
21.6 million tonnes per annum (100%), including the
recently completed train 6, which increased capacity by
4 million tonnes per annum (100%). Train 6 is expected
to ramp up to full production over time as increased
gas supply to the plant is made available. NLNG is also
progressing development for a possible seventh LNG
train. NLNG currently has operational control of 23 LNG
vessels.
In March 2007, Shell signed a shareholders agreement
with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
and other partners for the joint development of the
Olokola LNG project in Nigeria (Shell interest 19.5%,
previously 18.5%). This project, which may ultimately
include up to four LNG trains, is currently in the
front-end engineering and design phase.
Shell has an 18% interest in the West Africa Gas
Pipeline Project. This project is under
construction and is planned to supply gas from
Nigeria to the neighbouring countries of Ghana,
Benin and Togo.
Within Nigeria, we operate a gas sales and
distribution company, Shell Nigeria Gas (Shell
interest 100%), to supply gas to a number of
industrial and commercial customers in the south of
the country.
Also in Nigeria, Shell and its partners are
nearing completion of construction of the Afam VI
power plant in the Niger Delta (Shell interest
30%).
MIDDLE EAST, RUSSIA AND CIS
Egypt At the end of 2006, Shell held a controlling
interest (47%) in Fayum Gas Company and an 18%
interest in Natgas, local gas distribution companies
in Egypt. In February 2007, Shell divested its
interest (47%) in Fayum Gas Company.
Iran A project framework agreement for the Persian LNG
project (Shell interest 25%) was signed in 2004 with
Repsol and the National Iranian Oil Co. to take forward
the Persian LNG project to the next stage of design.
Under this agreement, it is envisaged that Shell would
acquire 50% interest in an agreement to develop phases
of the South Pars fields in the Northern Gulf, as
contractor, and a 25% interest in the midstream
liquefaction company. Front-end engineering design work
for the offshore facilities and for the liquefaction
plant continued during 2007. The parties will not reach
a final decision on whether to proceed with the
38 Royal Dutch Shell plc
project until the remaining significant commercial and engineering work is complete.
Oman Shell has a 30% interest in Oman LNG L.L.C. (Oman
LNG). This company has an annual capacity of 7.1
million tonnes per annum. Most of the LNG is sold to
Korea and Japan under long-term contracts, with
remaining volumes sold to customers on short-term sales
agreements. The Qalhat LNG S.A.O.C. project (in which
Oman LNG has a 37% equity interest, giving Shell an 11%
indirect interest) was commissioned in 2005.
Qatar In 2006, following approval from Qatar Petroleum,
Shell made the final investment decision and began
construction on the integrated Pearl GTL project, which
is being developed under a development and production
sharing agreement with the government of the State of
Qatar. Shell provides 100% of project funding. The
fully integrated project includes upstream production
of some 1.6 billion cubic feet per day of wellhead gas
from Qatars North Field, transport and processing of
the gas to produce around 120,000 barrels of oil equivalent
per day of natural gas liquids and ethane, and the
construction of a new onshore GTL complex to convert
the remaining gas into 140,000 barrels per day of clean
liquid hydrocarbon products.
Construction of the Qatargas 4 LNG project continues
(Shell interest 30%). The project comprises the
integrated development of upstream gas production
facilities to produce 1.4 billion cubic feet per day of
natural gas, including an average of approximately
70,000 barrels per day of associated natural gas
liquids from Qatars North Field, a single LNG train
yielding around 7.8 million tonnes per annum of LNG and
shipping of the LNG to the intended markets. The final
investment decision was taken in December 2005. At the
same time the engineering, procurement and construction
(EPC) contract for the onshore facilities was awarded.
Russia On April 18, 2007, Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui and
Mitsubishi completed the sale and purchase agreement to
transfer shares in Sakhalin Energy Investment Company
Ltd. (SEIC). Gazprom acquired a 50% interest plus one
share, while Shell retains a 27.5% interest, with
Mitsui and Mitsubishi holding a 12.5% and 10% interest
respectively (see Summary of results, page 17). This
project includes a two train LNG plant with a total
capacity of 9.6 million tonnes per annum.
ASIA PACIFIC
Australia Shell has a combined 22% direct and indirect
(via Woodside) interest in the LNG export phase and a
25% interest in the domestic gas phase of a joint
venture which develops and produces the gas fields of
the North West Shelf (NWS). Current capacity (100%) of
the LNG plant at year-end 2007 was 11.9 million tonnes
per annum. The LNG is sold mainly to customers in
Japan. Shell directly and indirectly has a 22% interest
in seven LNG vessels used to deliver LNG from the NWS.
The construction of a fifth NWS LNG train began in
2005. First cargoes of LNG from Train 5 are anticipated
by the end of 2008. This will raise total capacity of
the plant to 16.3 million tonnes per annum (100%).
Shell has a 5% interest in two LNG vessels under
construction in China that will be used to deliver LNG
from the NWS under a long-term contract.
Through its shareholding in Woodside, Shell has an
indirect 31% interest in the Pluto LNG project
located in the Carnarvon Basin in Western Australia.
Woodside formally launched the Pluto project in
November 2007; when on-stream, production throughput
is forecasted to be 4.3 million tonnes per annum
(100%).
Shell has a 25% interest in the Gorgon joint venture
that is considering development of an LNG plant on
Barrow Island off Western Australia, to be supplied
with natural gas from the offshore Gorgon and Jansz
fields.
Shell is also involved in several other exploration
licences in the Browse and Carnarvon Basin and in the
Timor Sea, which include opportunities for LNG export.
In July 2007, the Prelude gas discovery in Shells
wholly-owned WA-371P permit in the Browse Basin was
announced.
Brunei Shell has a 25% interest in Brunei LNG
Sendirian Berhad. This company liquefies and sells
gas to customers in Japan and Korea. Current LNG
capacity is 7.2 million tonnes per annum (100%). The
LNG continues to be delivered by a fleet of seven LNG
vessels owned by Brunei Shell Tankers Sendirian
Berhad (Shell interest 25%), and an additional LNG
vessel owned by Brunei Gas Carriers Sendirian Berhad
(Shell interest 10%).
China The 50:50 joint venture with China Petroleum
and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) at Yueyang, which
represents Shells first investment in a coal
gasification plant, began commercial operations
in May 2007. The plant supplies synthesis gas to
Sinopec downstream business units.
An additional coal gasification licence was sold in
October 2007, bringing the total number of Shell
licences sold in China to 16. There are now five
projects in China, which have started up in 2007
(including the Shell Yueyang joint venture plant)
using Shell coal gasification technology.
We participate in Hangzhou Natural Gas Company Limited
(Shell interest 39%), a joint venture with the
Hangzhou Gas Group and Hong Kong China Gas, which
supplies natural gas to industrial and commercial
customers in Hangzhou, China.
India Shell holds a 74% interest in three legal
entities that own assets at Hazira, located in the
state of Gujarat, covering the LNG regasification and
storage terminal, port facilities, and marketing
activities. The terminal facilities, commissioned in
2005, are being used to import LNG and sell regasified
LNG to customers in Gujarat and northwest India.
In November 2007, Shell completed the sale of its
rural solar business in India to Environ Energy
Global.
Malaysia Shell holds a 15% interest in each of the
Malaysia LNG Dua Sendirian Berhad and Malaysia LNG Tiga
Sendirian Berhad projects. Current total LNG capacity
is 14.6 million tonnes per annum (100%), and the Dua
plant is currently undergoing a minor expansion. Our
interests in the Dua and Tiga plants are due to expire
in 2015 and 2023, respectively.
Located adjacent to the LNG facilities is a GTL plant,
operated by Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sendirian Berhad
(Shell interest 72%). This 14,700 barrels per day
capacity plant converts some three million cubic
metres per day of natural gas into high-quality middle
distillates and other speciality products using
Shell-developed technology. It supplies a wide range
of liquid and wax products to markets around the
world.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 39
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW GAS & POWER
USA AND CANADA
During 2007, the Gas & Power business portfolio in
North America included a holding of capacity rights
in US LNG import terminals; natural gas and power
marketing, trading and storage; long-term gas
transportation contracts; long-term power tolling
contracts and energy management services and
interests in wind energy projects.
The scope of the business continues to increase,
encompassing existing LNG import capacity rights at
the Cove Point and Elba Island regasification
terminals as well as the continued evaluation of
various options to expand LNG import capabilities.
During the year Shell entered into an agreement with
the owner of Elba Island regasification terminal for
45% of the capacity rights to a terminal expansion and
pipeline offtake linking the terminal with an existing
main gas pipeline.
Shell Energy North America (USA), L.P. (formerly Coral
Energy Holding L.P.) and certain of its subsidiaries
(all 100% Shell subsidiaries) acquired substantially
all the operating assets of Avista Energy Inc, an
energy marketing and trading subsidiary of Avista
Corporation. The acquisition enhances Shells gas and
power marketing presence in the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada.
During 2007, Shell completed the sale of its
investments in Enterprise Products Partners LP.
In September 2007, Shell licensed its coal
gasification technology to Baard Energy LLC for the
coal gasification portion of Baards proposed
coal-to-liquid fuel (CTL) project located in
Columbiana County, Ohio. This was the first Shell coal
gasification licence sold in North America.
The wind energy business in the USA continues to grow.
In early 2007, construction on the 164 MW Mount Storm
wind project in West Virginia (Shell interest 50%) was
initiated with completion expected in 2008. In
addition, an investment decision was made late 2007 to
begin the construction of a 100 MW expansion of Mount
Storm.
OTHER WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Bolivia Shell has a 25% interest in Transredes
Transporte De Hidrocarburos S.A. (Transredes), an oil
and gas pipeline company that owns over 3,500 miles of
pipeline network. Shell also buys and exports natural
gas to Brazil through a pipeline owned by Gas
Transboliviano S.A. (combined Shell interests 30%),
and interconnected to Transredes.
On May 1, 2006, the Bolivian Government issued a
nationalisation decree for hydrocarbon natural
resources and related processing and transportation
elements. Shell continues discussions with the
Government on this decree and its impact on Shell
investments in the country.
Brazil Companhia de Gas de São Paulo (Comgás) is a
Brazilian natural gas distribution company in the
state of São Paulo. Shell holds an 18% interest
through a joint venture.
Transportadora Brasileira Bolivia Brasil S.A. (Br),
(combined Shell interests 7%), connected to Gas
Transboliviano S.A. (Bol), constitutes the Brazilian
side of the Bolivia-Brazil pipeline with around 1,400
miles of pipeline network covering five Brazilian
states.
In the western part of Brazil, Shell has a 50%
interest across four companies related to an
integrated pipeline and 480 MW power station project
in Cuiabá. The pipeline also crosses through eastern
Bolivia.
Mexico Shell has a 50% interest in an LNG
regasification terminal at Altamira, Tamaulipas, on
Mexicos Gulf coast. The facility started commercial
operations in September 2006, and has a capacity of
4.4 million tonnes per annum. A separate marketing
company (Shell interest 75%) holds the capacity
rights in the terminal and will supply up to the
equivalent of 3.9 million tonnes per annum natural
gas for 15 years to the state power company, CFE.
Shell also holds capacity rights (3.75 million tonnes
per annum) to the Costa Azul LNG import terminal
under construction in Baja California on Mexicos
west coast.
LNG SUPPLY AND SHIPPING
Three operations, Shell Western LNG (SWLNG), Shell
Eastern LNG (SELNG) and Shell North American LNG
(SNALNG) (all 100% Shell subsidiaries), aim to secure
LNG supplies for downstream natural gas markets. SWLNG
sources LNG in the West and supplies our outlets in the
Atlantic Basin (currently Spain, Mexico and through
SNALNG the USA); SNALNG is the exclusive buyer for the
US terminals. SELNG sources LNG in the East, and
supplies our terminal in India and other potential
outlets in the Pacific region, including China and the
west coast of Mexico. These operations primarily use
ships (currently a fleet of 12) which have been
acquired, leased or chartered by Shell Tankers
Singapore Limited, Shell Tankers (UK) Ltd, Shell
Bermuda (Overseas) Ltd., and SWLNG.
Opportunities to optimise the composition of the LNG
shipping fleet and ensure continued access to
efficient and, quality shipping tonnage are reviewed
on a periodic basis. By year-end, one vessel was
being held for sale as a result of the latest fleet
review. The sale was completed in early 2008.
40 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Oil Sands
|
|
Segment earnings of $582 million. |
|
|
|
Filed regulatory permits to increase production
to 462,000 (Shell share) barrels per day. |
|
|
|
Filed regulatory permits to increase
upgrading capacity to 574,000 (Shell
share) barrels per day. |
|
|
|
Completed integration of Shell Canadas oil
sands activities into Shells downstream
business. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS[A] |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Revenue (including intersegment sales) |
|
|
2,854 |
|
|
|
2,499 |
|
|
|
2,464 |
|
Purchases (including change in inventories) |
|
|
(1,010 |
) |
|
|
(830 |
) |
|
|
(623 |
) |
Depreciation |
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
(172 |
) |
|
|
(179 |
) |
Operating expenses |
|
|
(967 |
) |
|
|
(722 |
) |
|
|
(664 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income/(expense) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
10 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
|
(123 |
) |
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings from continuing operations |
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
As from 2007, the Oil Sands earnings are disclosed
separately. Previously these were reported as part of
Exploration & Production earnings. For comparison
purposes, 2006 and 2005 earnings were reclassified
accordingly. |
OVERVIEW
The Oil Sands business in Canada, with an average of
1,000 employees in 2007, is part of Shells downstream
organisation and produces synthetic crude oils for use
as refinery feedstocks.
The current operation has two process steps: extraction
of bitumen from the oil sands at the Muskeg River Mine
in north-eastern Alberta, followed by upgrading the
bitumen to synthetic crude oil at the Scotford Upgrader
near Edmonton, Alberta. A significant portion of the
output of the Scotford Upgrader is sold to the nearby
Shell Scotford Refinery, as well as to the Shell Sarnia
Refinery in Ontario. The balance of the synthetic crude
is sold to the general marketplace.
The main performance indicator for the Oil Sands
business is production. Careful monitoring of
production numbers allows us to track the profitability
and reliability of the segment, helping to provide
strong returns for Shell.
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Segment earnings in 2007 were $582 million compared to
$651 million in 2006 and 2005 earnings of $661 million.
The decrease in 2007 from 2006 was largely due to an
unplanned shutdown in September and a fire in November
at the Scotford Upgrader as well as higher operating
and maintenance costs and increased royalty expense.
Gains from a Canadian tax rate change were $94 million
in 2007, down from $120 million in 2006. Segment
earnings in 2006 slightly decreased from 2005 due to
the first scheduled turnaround at the Muskeg River Mine
and Scotford Upgrader offset by increased oil prices
and a favourable tax adjustment. Earnings in 2005
included a non-operational gain of $65 million related
to a prior period insurance settlement.
Shells share of mined oil sands net production for
2007 averaged 81,000 barrels per day compared with
82,000 barrels per day in 2006 and 95,000 barrels per
day in 2005. Net production represents total
production after the deduction of royalty obligations
to the Alberta government. The average realised oil
price for 2007 was $61.97 a barrel compared to $53.93 a
barrel in 2006 and $47.67 a barrel in 2005.
OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY
The business environment for Oil Sands continued to be
intense in 2007, dominated by the rapid growth of
multiple major projects and rising capital and
operating costs. Despite high oil prices, a stronger
Canadian dollar and widening domestic light/heavy
differentials driven by increased heavy oil
production have created substantial market risk for
Canadian bitumen producers. The Alberta Provincial
Government has announced its intention to introduce
legislation, effective 2009, that would change the
Alberta royalty system. The proposed royalty system
would introduce a graduated scale dependent on oil
prices. As with the current system, two scales would be
used: a lower version for projects that have not
recovered their capital costs, and an increased version
once payout has occurred. As currently proposed, the
rates would slide from 1% to 9% of gross revenue and
25% to 40% on net profits interest respectively,
reaching the maximum for both versions when oil is
priced at Canadian $120 per barrel or higher.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 41
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OIL SANDS
The extent of greenhouse gas legislation in Canada as
a whole remains uncertain. However, the current
Alberta Provincial Government has introduced, and the
federal government intends to introduce, legislation
that requires reductions in allowable emissions of
CO2 in relation to oil
sands production. Reductions in allowable
emissions could impact current production and
future expansions.
Looking ahead to 2008, we expect that the business
environment will include increasing cost pressures and
increased competition for skilled workers. This is
despite an expected softening of industry growth plans
due to the rising costs and the impact of the proposed
changes to the Alberta royalty system if introduced.
While overall production levels and human resource
requirements are expected to grow throughout 2008, it
is not expected to be at the pace anticipated at this
time last year.
Our strategy is to be the leading oil sands operator in
the industry by continuing to focus on operational and
project execution excellence, and leveraging Shells
extensive, high quality land positions to drive
profitable growth. This will be accomplished by
continuing to build on the capabilities and experience
of Shell staff, and by managing growth within the
overarching principles of HSSE and sustainable
development.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Capital investment was $1.9 billion in 2007, up from
$0.9 billion in 2006. Our main investments centred on
the first expansion phase (Expansion 1) of the
Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP). Other investments
were made on projects designed to increase the
efficiencies of base operations.
Expansion 1, a fully integrated 100,000 barrels per day
(60,000 b/d Shell share) expansion of oil sands mining
and upgrading facilities, is well under way.
Construction was completed on the new Albian Village, a
state-of-the-art facility built to house 2,500
Expansion 1 workers at the mine site. A new airstrip at
the site was also completed to provide for the
efficient and safe transport of our labour force to the
mine.
Front-end definition work has progressed on AOSP
Expansions 2 and 3. However, Shell and the AOSP joint
owners have not made any final investment decisions on
these expansions.
Shell acquired the Shell Canada minority interest
which resulted in the full integration of the Oil
Sands business into its downstream business.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The key objective of our research and development (R&D)
in oil sands is to improve technologies to reduce
costs, and to lower related emissions of
CO2 and the use of fresh water. This aims to help improve the
economics of existing operations, make lower-grade
ores economically viable for the business and provide
a basis for sustainable growth.
BUSINESS AND PROPERTY
The existing Oil Sands mining interest is held through
a joint venture (Shell interest 60%) with Chevron and
Marathon Oil each having a 20% interest. Shell has
substantial oil sands lease holdings in the Athabasca
42 Royal Dutch Shell plc
region of northern Alberta covering over 1,330 square
kilometres that have the potential for recovery by
surface mining. Initial commercial development of these
leases started in 1999. This initial stage of
development, the Muskeg River Mine, is located on the
western part of Oil Sands Lease No. 7277080T13 (Lease
13).
Shell originally acquired the mineral rights to Lease
13 (7277080T13) in 1956. The Lease 13 resource has
since been thoroughly characterised in association with
a variety of development studies; however mining area
developments with Muskeg River represent the first
commercial operation on the lease. With the start of
commercial mine operations on the western portion of
Lease 13, the whole of Lease 13 covering 240 square
kilometres is characterised as having continued
producing status and the right to access the bitumen
resource on the lease has been extended indefinitely so
long as production is continuing. After the
establishment of the AOSP joint venture in 1999, Lease
13 was formally transferred to Albian Sands Energy Inc.
to be held in trust for the AOSP joint venture
participants.
Lease 13 is situated immediately east of the Athabasca
River Valley. Most of the lease comprises gently
undulating terrain that ranges in elevation from 330
metres above sea level in the south-east to 284 metres
in the west. The McMurray Formation is the contiguous
geological unit containing the bitumen hydrocarbon
resource. The McMurray Formation was laid down in a
marine shoreline setting and is composed, generally, of
a sequence of sediments that get finer in an upward
direction from pebbles five millimetres in diameter,
through sand, to silt and mud 0.06 millimetres in
diameter and finer. When the McMurray Formation
contains bitumen in a sand-sized sediment coarser than
approximately 0.12 millimetres, this is characterised
as oil sands. The McMurray Formation is present at
varying depths beneath the ground over much of northern
Alberta. Over 3,400 square kilometres of land has been
classified by the Energy Resources Conservation Board
(ERCB) as surface minable. Within this area, the
McMurray Formation is near surface and can be excavated
economically with existing mining equipment. The
Devonian limestone that lies beneath the McMurray
Formation is within 20 metres to 150 metres of the surface.
The AOSPs surface minable development is in
north-eastern Alberta approximately 75 kilometres north
of the city of Fort McMurray and is readily accessible
by public roads. Both mining areas (Muskeg River
currently in operation and Jackpine which is under
construction) have integrated oil sands mining and
mineral processing facilities. The oil sands ore is
open-pit mined, using a truck and shovel operation, and
the mined ore is processed in on-site bitumen
extraction and clean-up facilities to yield a bitumen
product. Power and steam for the operations is provided
from an on-site co-generation facility, which is owned
and operated by an independent power company, in
combination with boiler facilities owned by the joint
venture. The bitumen is transported by pipeline for
upgrading at the Scotford Upgrader, located in the
Edmonton area of central Alberta. Scotfords upgrading
process adds hydrogen to the bitumen, breaking up the
large hydrocarbon molecules. This process produces a
wide range of synthetic crude oils which are suitable
feedstock for refineries, which will process them into
refined products like gasoline. The Scotford Upgrader
began operations in late 2002 and has a design capacity
rate of 155,000 b/d (93,000 b/d Shell share).
The Muskeg River Mine received its primary
regulatory approvals in 1999. An application to
amend this approval was submitted to the ERCB and
Alberta Environment (AENV) in April 2005. This amendment increased dry bitumen production to
270,000 b/d (162,000 b/d Shell share) and included the
addition of minable bitumen resources on Shells Oil
Sands Lease 90 (7280880T90) and Oil Sands Lease AT30
(7280090AT30.) Lease AT30 was acquired from Syncrude
through a commercial swap arrangement. The application
provided significant background detail on the geology,
mine planning features and a development scheme for the
expansion of processing facilities and mine production
levels at the Muskeg River Mine. The application formed
the basis of the approval from the ERCB for the
expanded Muskeg River Mine in December 2006.
The first expansion, as agreed by Shell and the other
joint venture participants in 2006, is proceeding with
mining and the associated bitumen extraction processing
plant at the Jackpine Mine with a capacity of 100,000
b/d (60,000 b/d Shell share) linked to expanded bitumen
froth treatment facilities at the Muskeg River Mine
facility. This was done with a view to (i) provide
increased operational flexibility with two mining pits,
(ii) take advantage of installed infrastructure at the
Muskeg River Mine, and (iii) reduce execution risk by
spreading the construction work forces over two
construction sites. Full commercial production is
scheduled for late 2010. The Jackpine mining area
development, with a production capacity of 200,000 b/d,
(120,000 b/d Shell share), was approved under a
separate regulatory approval in 2004. Future growth
plans will consider additional production from Muskeg
River and expanded processing facilities and production
at the Jackpine site, all under existing regulatory
approvals.
Shell also holds a number of other minable oil sands
leases in the Athabasca region with expiry dates
ranging from 2008 to 2020, all of which may be extended
by completing a minimum level of development prior to
their expiry. There are no current, and no known
previous, commercial operations on any of these lease
holdings. The Muskeg River Mine and Jackpine Mine with
the adjacent and acquired minable oil sands leases,
represent a multi-billion dollar investment for Shell.
RESERVES
Details of Shell subsidiaries estimated net proven and
probable minable oil sands reserves are summarised in
the following table and are set out under the heading Supplementary
Information Oil sands (unaudited) on page 170.
Minable oil sands reserves cannot be measured exactly
since estimation of reserves involves subjective
judgement. Estimates remain subject to revision. Proven
and probable minable oil sands reserves are net of any
quantities that are to be taken by others as royalties
in kind.
Shell has significant interests in proven minable oil
sands reserves in Canada associated with the Athabasca
Oil Sands Project. Shell views these reserves and their
development as an integral part of the companys total
downstream operations. However, since SEC regulations
define these reserves as mining-related and not part of
conventional oil and gas reserves, they are presented
separately to the conventional oil and gas reserves.
The Muskeg River Mine development on Lease 13 was
designed to access proven and probable reserves from
Lease 13 west of the Muskeg River. At the average
design production level of 155,000 b/d, 1.7 billion
barrels of bitumen were initially estimated to be
recoverable over the project life. The ultimate pit
limits, mine- plans, and remaining reserve estimates
are updated annually to incorporate the results from
the development drilling programmes and the actual
performance of the processing facilities. The reserve
estimates are based on the results from over 1,840
drill holes completed since inception.
The Jackpine mining development on Lease 13 was
designed to access proven and probable reserves of 1.3
billion barrels from Lease 13 east of Jackpine Creek at
the average design production level of 100,000 b/d. The
ultimate pit limits and mine plans were determined from
the detailed mining and tailings development studies
for the project. This includes the results from over
990 drill holes completed during the initial
exploration drilling programmes and the more recent
development drilling programmes over the last five
years.
To provide continuity of disclosure to the investor as
well as to continue to provide SEC Industry Guide 7
disclosures, both proven and proven plus probable
minable oil sands reserves are being provided for
2007. The opening balance for 2007 for net proven
minable oil sands reserves was 1,134 million barrels,
including a minority interest of 250 million barrels.
Acquisition of the minority shareholder interest by
Shell occurred in 2007. Net proven and probable
minable oil sands reserves were 1,473 million barrels
at December 31, 2007, a net addition of 27 million
barrels compared to 2006 (before taking account of
production of 29 million barrels). The minable oil
sands reserves are not included in the standardised
measure of discounted cash flows for conventional oil
and gas reserves presented on pages 168 to 169.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MINED OIL SANDS NET PRODUCTION[A] |
|
thousand barrels/day |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Athabasca Oil Sands Project |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Volumes
represent Shells share of production (60%) net of royalty
payments. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVEN AND PROBABLE MINABLE OIL SANDS RESERVES |
|
(At December 31) |
|
million barrels |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proven reserves[A] |
|
|
1,111 |
|
|
|
1,134 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
Net probable reserves[B] |
|
|
362 |
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proven and probable reserves |
|
|
1,473 |
|
|
|
1,475 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Proven minable oil sands reserves are computed
from dimensions revealed in drill holes and the
bitumen grades are computed from the results of
detailed sampling. The sites for inspection, sampling,
and measurement are spaced so closely and the
geological character is so well defined that size,
shape, depth, and bitumen content of the reserves are
well established. |
|
[B] |
|
Probable minable oil sands reserves are computed
from information similar to that used for proven
reserves, however, the sites for inspection, sampling,
and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less
adequately spaced. Although the degree of assurance is
less than that for proven reserves, it is sufficient to
assume continuity between points of observation. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 43
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Oil Products
|
|
Segment earnings of $10.4 billion. |
|
|
Final investment decision taken to proceed
with the 325,000 barrels per day expansion of
the Motiva Port Arthur Refinery in the USA. |
|
|
Acquisition of Shell Canada minority interest. |
|
|
Retail growth in Ukraine, Malaysia and Scandinavia. |
|
|
Completion of the sale of the Los Angeles
refinery and 250 service stations in the USA. |
|
|
Progress on the sale of three French refineries. |
|
|
Launch of Shell Sulphur Solutions. |
|
|
Creation of a new Future Fuels and
CO2 business unit. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Revenue (including intersegment sales) |
|
|
286,072 |
|
|
|
251,309 |
|
|
|
253,853 |
|
Purchases (including change in inventories) |
|
|
(252,763 |
) |
|
|
(222,962 |
) |
|
|
(223,482 |
) |
Depreciation |
|
|
(2,440 |
) |
|
|
(2,580 |
) |
|
|
(2,622 |
) |
Operating expenses |
|
|
(19,551 |
) |
|
|
(18,389 |
) |
|
|
(16,141 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
2,221 |
|
|
|
1,712 |
|
|
|
1,713 |
|
Other income/(expense) |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
(3,113 |
) |
|
|
(1,972 |
) |
|
|
(3,408 |
) |
|
|
|
Segment earnings from continuing operations |
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTRIES IN WHICH OIL PRODUCTS HAS OPERATIONS
|
Europe
|
|
Africa
|
|
Sudan
|
|
Laos
|
|
Mexico |
Austria
|
|
Algeria
|
|
Swaziland
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Nicaragua |
Belgium
|
|
Benin
|
|
Tanzania
|
|
New Zealand
|
|
Panama |
Bulgaria
|
|
Botswana
|
|
Togo
|
|
Pakistan
|
|
Peru |
Croatia
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
|
Tunisia
|
|
Philippines
|
|
Surinam |
Czech Republic
|
|
Cape Verde
|
|
Uganda
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Venezuela |
Denmark
|
|
Islands
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
|
South Korea |
|
|
Finland
|
|
Cote dIvoire
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
The Caribbean |
France
|
|
Djibouti
|
|
Middle East,
|
|
Taiwan
|
|
Dominican |
Germany
|
|
Egypt
|
|
Russia, CIS[A]
|
|
Thailand
|
|
Republic |
Gibraltar
|
|
Ethiopia
|
|
Iran
|
|
Vietnam
|
|
French Antilles & |
Greece
|
|
Gabon
|
|
Oman
|
|
|
|
Guiana |
Hungary
|
|
The Gambia
|
|
Russia
|
|
USA
|
|
Jamaica |
Ireland
|
|
Ghana
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
|
Puerto Rico |
Italy
|
|
Guinea
|
|
Ukraine
|
|
Canada
|
|
Trinidad & |
Luxembourg
|
|
Kenya
|
|
United Arab
|
|
|
|
Tobago |
The Netherlands
|
|
Lesotho
|
|
Emirates
|
|
Latin America |
|
|
Norway
|
|
Madagascar
|
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
|
Poland
|
|
Mali
|
|
Asia Pacific
|
|
Bolivia |
|
|
Portugal
|
|
Mauritius
|
|
Australia
|
|
Brazil |
|
|
Slovakia
|
|
Morocco
|
|
Brunei
|
|
Chile |
|
|
Slovenia
|
|
Mozambique
|
|
China (including
|
|
Colombia |
|
|
Spain
|
|
Namibia
|
|
Hong Kong)
|
|
Costa Rica |
|
|
Sweden
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Guam
|
|
Ecuador |
|
|
Switzerland
|
|
La Réunion
|
|
India
|
|
El Salvador |
|
|
Turkey
|
|
Senegal
|
|
Indonesia
|
|
Guatemala |
|
|
UK
|
|
South Africa
|
|
Japan
|
|
Honduras |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Commonwealth
of Independent States. |
44 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Oil Products is part of Shells downstream organisation
and is made up of a number of different businesses.
Collectively these turn crude oil, and synthetic crude
from our Oil Sands operation, into a range of refined
products, which they move and market around the world
for domestic, industrial and transport use. These
include gasoline, diesel, heating oil, aviation fuel,
marine fuel, lubricants and bitumen.
Our Manufacturing business includes Refining and
Supply; Trading provides feedstock optimisation; and
Marketing includes our Retail, Business to Business
(B2B) and Lubricants businesses. In 2007, a Future
Fuels and
CO2 business unit was created in Oil Products to accelerate the
development of fuels of the future and co-ordinate our company-wide
work on the management of CO2 emissions.
Oil Products has a presence in more than 100 countries
and territories and employed on average 63,000 people
in 2007. We generated in 2007 $286 billion of revenue
and earnings of $10.4 billion.
One key way of monitoring the reliability of our
refining system is to measure controllable unplanned
downtime, the percentage of manufacturing capacity
that is lost due to unplanned events. Unplanned events
are unexpected shutdowns or slowdowns that were not
due to economic decision-making and were not due to
abnormal events outside the control of the location
(e.g. hurricane). This measure supports
manufacturings strategy of excellence in the
following areas:
|
|
process safety; |
|
|
|
personal safety; |
|
|
|
environment; |
|
|
|
product quality; and |
|
|
|
costs and margin maximisation. |
Reliable operations support all of these.
EARNINGS
2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Segment earnings in 2007 were $10,439 million, 47%
higher than 2006 and 5% higher than 2005. Segment
earnings benefited from the impact of increasing crude
prices on our inventory by $3,488 million in 2007, $98
million in 2006 and $2,450 million in 2005.
After taking into account the impact of increasing
crude prices on our inventory, earnings from our
Manufacturing business were lower than 2006 largely due
to lower realised refining margins, in the second half
of the year, reflecting unplanned downtime in certain
refinery conversion units, in particular the Pulau
Bukom refinery in Singapore and the narrowing of the
light-heavy oil price differentials. Refining earnings
were adversely impacted by higher unplanned downtime of
5.7% (controllable unplanned downtime 5.4%) compared to
4.9% in 2006. In Marketing, earnings improved and were
mainly driven by higher marketing margins in Retail and
finished Lubricants. B2B earnings improved reflecting
increased Aviation sales and strong Marine margins,
partly offset by lower margins for Commercial Fuels,
LPG and Bitumen. In Trading, earnings were below those
of 2006 with results adversely affected by less
favourable market conditions, particularly in the
second half of the year as the markets shifted into
backwardation (forward prices lower than current spot
prices).
In 2006, Refining earnings were lower than 2005,
reflecting weaker refining margins. Marketing earnings
in 2006 were higher than 2005, mainly due to higher
earnings in Lubricants offsetting lower earnings in
Retail and B2B. Relative to 2005, Trading earnings
increased in 2006 as a result of capitalising on our
global downstream portfolio positions and attractive
trading conditions, stemming from high price
volatility and market structure.
Earnings in 2007 included net gains of $327 million.
Gains from divestments, including the non-operational
benefit of the Los Angeles refinery sale and tax rate
changes in Germany and Canada were partially offset by
a number of legal and environmental provisions.
In 2006, earnings included non-operational net gains
of $38 million. Benefits relating to reductions in
deferred taxes in the Netherlands and Canada were
largely offset by pension and employee benefits
charges in the USA and France; in 2005, earnings
included net gains of $427 million mainly related to
divestments.
In 2007, revenue increased $34,763 million from 2006
reflecting higher average crude prices in 2007.
In 2006, revenue declined $2,544 million from 2005. The
positive effect of higher average crude prices in 2006
was more than offset by the netting of certain trading
sales (effective from the third quarter 2005).
Gross margin (calculated as revenue less purchases)
in 2007 increased $4,962 million from 2006
reflecting stronger retail margins and the positive
impact of price on inventory, partially offset by
lower realised refining margins.
In 2006, the gross margin declined $2,024 million
from 2005 levels. Refining margins in Europe and Asia
Pacific were down while refining margins in the USA
increased.
Depreciation in 2007 declined $140 million compared to
2006, mainly due to divestments.
Depreciation was $42 million lower in 2006 than 2005
mainly due to divestments, partly offset by the impact
of foreign exchange translation.
Operating expenses, which include divestment gains,
increased in 2007 compared to 2006. The increase
reflected increased refinery maintenance costs, higher
trading expenses, increased energy related costs and
the effect of a weaker US dollar on non-dollar
denominated operating expenses, partly offset by
slightly higher gains from divestments.
Operating expenses, which include divestment gains,
increased in 2006 compared to 2005. Compared to 2005,
2006 was affected by lower gains from divestments,
increased refinery maintenance costs, higher trading
expenses, increased energy related costs and the effect
of a weaker US dollar on non-dollar denominated
operating expenses.
Refinery processing intake in 2007 declined some 2%
from 2006. Excluding the Los Angeles refinery
divestment, intake was marginally down as a result
of major turnarounds and unplanned outages.
In 2006, refining processing intake declined 3% from
2005, the result of lower utilisation rates
particularly in Europe and Asia Pacific, reflecting
major turnarounds at our Pernis and Pulau Bukom
refineries.
Total product sales volumes in 2007 were 2% higher than
2006. Excluding the impact of divestments, marketing
volumes were 1% higher than 2006, mainly reflecting
higher retail sales.
In 2006, total product sales volumes were 8% lower than
2005, with 6% resulting from the net reporting of
certain contracts that are held for trading purposes as
from the third quarter 2005. Furthermore, volumes in
2006 were affected by divestments, and rationalised
volumes in B2B.
OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY
Industry refining margins remained strong in 2007,
particularly in the USA, amid robust global product
demand growth. In the absence of any major
disruptions, refining margins are expected to trend
lower in 2008 than 2007 with new conversion capacities
expected to come on-stream and the prospect for
potentially slower global economic growth. However,
the eventual levels are uncertain and will be strongly
influenced by the pace of global economic growth, the
effect of persistently high oil prices on product
demand and start-up timing of expected refinery
expansions.
Marketing margins will continue to be influenced by
oil price
volatility, exchange rates and intense competition.
We aim to remain a global leader in the
downstream business. To support this aim our
strategy is to:
|
|
Ensure continued asset integrity and operational safety; |
|
|
|
Continue reshaping our portfolio by
investing selectively in key markets and
divesting non-strategic assets; |
|
|
|
Enhance focus on delivering operational
excellence and being a cost leader in the
downstream businesses; |
|
|
|
Reinforce our leading global brand position
across the downstream businesses by focusing on
initiatives such as differentiated fuels and
second-generation biofuels; |
|
|
|
Continue to maximise the value of our integrated
hydrocarbon supply chain by working towards a
tighter integration of the Oil Products and
Chemicals businesses; |
|
|
|
Discipline our capital spending; and |
|
|
|
Continue to develop our people. |
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Capital investment was $3.9 billion in 2007 of which
$1.7 billion was Refining, $2 billion was Marketing and
$0.2 billion was new equity and loans in
equity-accounted investments. This compared to $3.5
billion in 2006 of which $1.4 billion was Refining,
$1.9 billion was Marketing and $0.1 billion was new
equity and loans in equity-accounted investments. Our
main investments were in our Refining and Retail
businesses. This included spending on manufacturing
asset maintenance, fuel specification, environmental
compliance and upgrading and growing the retail
network, including acquisitions in Malaysia and the
Ukraine. During the period 2005-2007, around 65% of our
capital expenditure was allocated to asset integrity
and care and maintenance projects.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 45
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OIL
PRODUCTS
We continued to focus on divesting non-strategic
assets and redeploying capital to strategic growth
regions.
In the USA, Shell completed the sale to Tesoro
Corporation of the Los Angeles Refinery, Wilmington
Products Terminal and around 250 retail sites and
supply agreements in and around Los Angeles and San
Diego. Also in the USA, Shell announced, through Motiva
Enterprises (Shell interest 50%), the final investment
decision to proceed with a 325,000 barrels per day
capacity expansion at the Motiva Port Arthur Refinery.
Shell completed the sale of its liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) businesses in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic,
Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Romania and the USA.
In France, Shell has signed a sale and purchase
agreement for the sale of its Berre-lEtang refinery
site complex and associated infrastructure and
businesses. A price of $700 million (including the
Chemicals-related activities and business) has been
agreed, with completion expected during the first half
of 2008. Also in France, we received an offer for the
sale of the Petit Couronne and Reichstett Vendenheim
refineries. Completion of the sale, with a price of
some $875 million, is expected during the first half of 2008.
We announced in 2006 that we are reviewing our
portfolio in the Dominican Republic where we have a 50%
interest in the 31,000 barrels per day Refidosma
refinery and storage terminal, as well as a network of
retail sites. We have reached agreement for a third
party to acquire the Shell-owned shares in Refidomsa,
but the government of the Dominican Republic has
indicated that it plans to exercise its right to
acquire the Shell-owned shares. Negotiation of
definitive agreements is under way.
We acquired the Shell Canada minority interest which
resulted in the full integration of the Canadian Oil
Products business to the downstream organisation.
This provides significant opportunity to further
strengthen the application of refinery expertise,
operational excellence as well as integrating and
leveraging North American assets and infrastructure.
In the Ukraine, Shell and OJSC Alliance Group formed a
joint venture to operate 150 Shell branded retail sites
(Shell interest 51%). Operations began in the third
quarter of 2007.
We acquired 100% of shares in Conoco Jet (Malaysia)
Sdn Bhd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ConocoPhillips,
comprising 44 ProJet-branded retail service stations
and 14 vacant land sites in the key growth markets of
Malaysia.
In Scandinavia, Shell signed an agreement in the third
quarter of 2007 that will result in the re-branding of
269 service stations across Norway, Sweden and
Denmark.
46 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Research and development (R&D) programmes continue to
focus on the improvement of liquid fuels, lubricants,
and bitumen products and their applications together
with the advancement of process technologies that
provide a competitive advantage.
For the fuels business, top-tier differentiated fuels
have been launched in more than 45 countries.
Improvements in engine performance, fuel economy and
environmental performance are key drivers in the
development of new products, while opportunities to
reduce costs are pursued in current formulations.
Product stewardship, especially in areas of health and
the environment, continues to be given high priority
in all areas.
Additional R&D investments continue to be made to
secure breakthrough options in sustainable energy and
mobility. Shell has partnerships with leading
companies to develop second-generation biofuels from
non-food sources, such as straw and wood residue,
including Iogen Corporation of Canada, and CHOREN
Industries of Germany. These activities were
strengthened in 2007 as we established a five-year
research partnership with Codexis in the USA, a firm
specialising in enzyme technology. Shell also
announced construction of a pilot facility in Hawaii
to grow marine algae and produce vegetable oil for
conversion into biofuel. Shell and HR Biopetroleum
have formed a joint venture company called Cellena to
develop this project.
The desire to conserve energy, protect the environment
and meet customer and equipment manufacturer
requirements continues to drive new technology
development in our lubricants business. Key themes are
the development of lubricants for improved energy
efficiency, reduced maintenance and longer equipment
life. Formulation technologies that ensure
compatibility with new emissions-after-treatment
systems and the increasing use of biofuels are both
important parts of the programme. We are also
developing lubricant formulations that build on the
superior properties of gas to liquids (GTL) base oils
when these become available around the end of the
decade. Shell GTL base oils will allow the blending of
low viscosity, low volatility formulations with
superior hydrocarbon composition that will assist car
and truck manufacturers in accessing durable energy
efficient lubricants, assisting emissions control and
engine and gear box durability.
In September 2007, we created a sulphur business to
look at innovative ways to use sulphur which is removed
during the processing of oil and gas.
In refinery process research, we seek to achieve the
highest standards of reliability and process safety,
supply chain optimisation, cost reduction and
feedstock flexibility. We also seek continuous
improvement in energy efficiency and the reduction in
CO2
emissions. Facilitation of CO2 capture and sequestration from selected
process streams is an important consideration in the design of new facilities.
MANUFACTURING
Refining
Our global refining portfolio includes interests in
more than 40 refineries worldwide. We have the
capability of processing more than four million barrels
of crude oil per day. Our presence is truly global,
with some 45% of our refining capacity in Europe, 25%
in North America, 25% in Asia Pacific, and 5% in Latin
America and Africa. Our refineries make a wide range of
products including gasoline, diesel, heating oil,
aviation fuel, lubricants and bitumen. These products
are moved by Supply and Distribution to our downstream
partners in Retail, Lubricants and B2B to fulfil Shell
customer needs. Refining also works closely with Supply
and Distribution, Trading and Shell Global Solutions to
maximise earnings from our manufacturing assets. As is
the case with all of Shells businesses, safety is our
top priority. Since 2004, we have improved safety
standards at our facilities and brought tailored
sustainable development programmes to our sites. These
set out the vision, strategy and implementation plan to
enable us to meet our commitment to be a good
neighbour.
Supply and Distribution
Supply and Distribution (S&D) delivers feedstocks to
Shell refineries and finished products to Shells
downstream marketing businesses and customers
worldwide. S&D plays a large role in Shells
hydrocarbon supply chain strategies and drives
cross-business integration to maximise value and
margin. It has more than 300 distribution facilities,
3,000 storage tanks and 9,000 kilometres of pipeline in
some 70 countries. Its global fleet of some 7,000 Shell
owned or contracted trucks travels more than 1.7
million kilometres every day and makes a delivery
somewhere in the world every six seconds.
MARKETING
Retail
Shells branded fuel retail network is the worlds
largest with around 46,000 service stations in 90
countries. With more than 100 years of experience in
developing the technology and service needed, Shell is
a leading provider of innovative and new fuels. We sell
differentiated fuels in more than 45 countries made
with special formulations designed to clean engines and
improve performance under the Shell V-Power brand. And
our Fuel Economy formula for gasoline and diesel is now
available in 18 countries. In June 2007, a race version
of Shell V-Power Diesel with GTL Fuel powered an Audi
R10 TDI to victory for the second year running in the
24 Hour Le Mans race. In its 2007 global customer
tracker survey, Shell was ranked number one globally as
the preferred brand of service station.
Lubricants
Shell Lubricants is the global leader in branded
lubricants and the largest marketer of lubricants with
12% of the global lubricants market in volume
terms[A]. Our products are available in
around 120 countries and comprise some of the biggest
selling lubricants brands in both global and individual
markets, including Shell Helix, Pennzoil, Shell
Rotella, Shell Rimula, Quaker State and Tongyi in
China. These lubricants are used across the transport
sector in passenger cars, lorries, coaches, aircraft
and ships. Shell Lubricants also delivers lubrication
solutions to the manufacturing, metalworking, food
processing, mining, power generation and agriculture
industries. Through the Jiffy Lube fast lube network,
Shell Lubricants provides oil change and service to
some
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Source Kline Competitive Intelligence from the Global Lubricants Industry, 2006-2016. |
27 million customers in North America and is
building a presence in China. Customers recognise
the commitment of Shell Lubricants to service
quality and technology: the business has received a
number of awards from customers such as Bosch and
Autozone.
Business
to Business (B2B)
B2B sells fuels and special products to a broad
range of commercial customers and comprises six
separate businesses:
Shell Aviation
Shell Aviation is a leader in the marketing of
aviation fuels and lubricants, and in the operation
of airport fuelling. It supplies 900 airports in some
70 countries refuelling a plane every 12 seconds.
Shell retained top spot in the Armbrust Award for the
Worlds Best Jet Fuel Marketer for 2007.
Shell Marine Products
Shell Marine Products is an integrated supply chain
provider supplying fuels, lubricants and related
technical services to the shipping industry. We supply
a range of fuels to power diesel engines and gas
turbine vessels. Our range of around 100 different
types of lubricants is formulated to provide optimum
protection and performance in the toughest operating
environments. Our business serves more than 20,000
customer vessels annually, ranging from large
ocean-going vessels to small fishing boats. We can
supply our products through our global network of
around 730 ports, in more than 70 countries.
Shell Gas (LPG)
LPG is a clean-burning, efficient, portable and
convenient fuel that has numerous domestic, commercial
and industrial uses, including cooking, heating and
transport. We supply LPG, in both handy cylinders and
bulk tanks, to millions of customers across five
continents. Our users range from hotel operators to
aerosol manufacturers and from poultry breeders to
rural householders without access to the electricity
grid.
Commercial Fuels
Commercial Fuels provides high-quality heating,
transport and industrial fuels worldwide. The bulk
fuels business plays a key role in our integrated
supply chain. The Commercial Road Transport (CRT)
business provides fuels and services to transporters
around the world through a network of well-located
sites with payment through card systems, with more than
500,000 fuel cards in operation. Commercial Fuels deals
with 35% of Shell fuels sold around the world.
Shell Bitumen
Shell Bitumen is a global market leader in terms of
volume. Every day it supplies around 14,000 metric
tonnes of bitumen equivalent to 500 kilometres of
road to 1,600 customers, through 250 applications,
in 30 countries. Shell Bitumen continues to grow in
key markets, most notably in the pavement solutions
and airport sectors. In early 2007, it opened its
first specialities plant in India.
Shell Sulphur Solutions
Shell Sulphur Solutions, launched in September 2007,
brings together Shells global sulphur expertise and
experience. As well as being responsible for the sale
and marketing of elemental sulphur, it also develops
and delivers sulphur products and applications that
provide innovative uses for sulphur. Shell Sulphur
Solutions current products are
Royal Dutch Shell plc 47
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OIL PRODUCTS
SEAM Asphalt Modifier, technologies for the
manufacture of Sulphur Enhanced Fertiliser and Sulphur Concrete.
Future
Fuels and
CO2
Future
Fuels and
CO2 is responsible for accelerating the technical and
commercial development of biofuels, X-to-liquid fuels
(synthetic fuels made from gas and potentially biomass
that are cleaner burning than conventional fuel) and
hydrogen. It is also responsible for leading energy
conservation and CO2 management activities across Shell.
TRADING
Shell Trading is a global network of companies that are
engaged in trading and shipping. The trading portfolio
includes natural gas, electrical power, crude oil,
refined products, chemical feedstocks and environmental
products. Shell Tradings main locations include
Houston, London, Dubai, Rotterdam and Singapore.
Shells trading and shipping activities primarily occur
in support of Shells business activities, in
particular Oil Products, Gas & Power and Chemicals.
Shell Trading trades about 15 million barrels of crude
oil equivalent per day.
SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS
Shell Global Solutions provides business and
operational consultancy, technical services and
research and development expertise to Shell companies
and the energy and processing industries worldwide,
supporting primarily the Oil Products, Gas & Power and
Chemicals businesses of Shell. It has a network of
offices around the world, with main commercial centres
in the USA, Europe and Asia Pacific. It also develops
catalytic solutions and manufactures catalysts for sale
to other Shell companies or third parties for use in
refineries, chemical plants and GTL plants. It has a
number of manufacturing facilities in the USA, Belgium,
Canada and Germany.
48 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COST OF CRUDE OIL PROCESSED OR CONSUMED |
|
|
$ per barrel |
|
Cost of crude oil processed or consumed (including upstream margin on crude supplied by |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell and equity-accounted investment exploration and production companies) |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
Total |
|
|
71.83 |
|
|
|
60.46 |
|
|
|
48.24 |
|
|
|
37.22 |
|
|
|
26.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPERABLE CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION CAPACITY
[B] |
|
|
thousand barrels/calendar day
[C] |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
1,815 |
|
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
|
1,822 |
|
|
|
1,835 |
|
|
|
1,808 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
953 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
899 |
|
|
|
1,050 |
|
|
|
1,072 |
|
USA |
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
1,014 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
361 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,953 |
|
|
|
3,991 |
|
|
|
3,964 |
|
|
|
4,199 |
|
|
|
4,255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CRUDE OIL PROCESSED
[D] |
|
|
thousand barrels daily
[C] |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
1,644 |
|
|
|
1,641 |
|
|
|
1,701 |
|
|
|
1,688 |
|
|
|
1,712 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
765 |
|
|
|
751 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
916 |
|
USA |
|
|
789 |
|
|
|
874 |
|
|
|
855 |
|
|
|
951 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,497 |
|
|
|
3,569 |
|
|
|
3,673 |
|
|
|
3,901 |
|
|
|
3,925 |
|
|
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REFINERY PROCESSING INTAKE
[E] |
|
|
|
thousand barrels daily
[C] |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Crude oil |
|
|
3,496 |
|
|
|
3,617 |
|
|
|
3,722 |
|
|
|
3,946 |
|
|
|
3,949 |
|
Feedstocks |
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,779 |
|
|
|
3,862 |
|
|
|
3,981 |
|
|
|
4,162 |
|
|
|
4,167 |
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
1,731 |
|
|
|
1,732 |
|
|
|
1,804 |
|
|
|
1,770 |
|
|
|
1,776 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
808 |
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
962 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
USA |
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
953 |
|
|
|
1,055 |
|
|
|
1,079 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
366 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
356 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,779 |
|
|
|
3,862 |
|
|
|
3,981 |
|
|
|
4,162 |
|
|
|
4,167 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REFINERY PROCESSING INTAKE |
|
|
million tonnes per year |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Metric equivalent |
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REFINERY PROCESSING OUTTURN
[F] |
|
|
thousand barrels daily
[C] |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Gasolines |
|
|
1,363 |
|
|
|
1,444 |
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
1,542 |
|
|
|
1,575 |
|
Kerosenes |
|
|
366 |
|
|
|
368 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
424 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
1,190 |
|
|
|
1,215 |
|
|
|
1,256 |
|
|
|
1,297 |
|
|
|
1,312 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
Other |
|
|
593 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
557 |
|
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,860 |
|
|
|
3,970 |
|
|
|
4,088 |
|
|
|
4,234 |
|
|
|
4,233 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Cost figures for 2003 are provided on a US GAAP basis. |
|
[B] |
|
Shell average operating capacity for the year and excluding mothballed capacity. |
|
[C] |
|
One barrel daily is equivalent to approximately 50 tonnes
a year, depending on the specific gravity of the crude oil. |
|
[D] |
|
Including natural gas liquids; includes processing for
others and excludes processing by others. |
|
[E] |
|
Including crude oil and natural gas liquids plus feedstocks
processed in crude oil distillation units and in secondary conversion
units. |
|
[F] |
|
Excluding own use and products acquired for blending
purposes. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 49
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OIL PRODUCTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OIL SALES[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand barrels per day |
|
Product volumes |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
616 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
834 |
|
|
|
859 |
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
934 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
Other products |
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,886 |
|
|
|
1,973 |
|
|
|
2,093 |
|
|
|
2,112 |
|
|
|
2,137 |
|
|
|
|
Other
Eastern
Hemisphere[B][C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
368 |
|
|
|
356 |
|
|
|
318 |
|
|
|
337 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
Other products |
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
1,227 |
|
|
|
1,232 |
|
|
|
1,320 |
|
|
|
1,288 |
|
|
|
|
USA[D] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
851 |
|
|
|
845 |
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
1,372 |
|
|
|
1,343 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
258 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
368 |
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
430 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
Other products |
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
1,471 |
|
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
|
2,516 |
|
|
|
2,392 |
|
|
|
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
296 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
251 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
243 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
Other products |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
708 |
|
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
|
Export
sales[E] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
507 |
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
213 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
313 |
|
|
|
208 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
Other products |
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,297 |
|
|
|
1,157 |
|
|
|
1,011 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
|
Total
product
sales[D] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
2,178 |
|
|
|
2,206 |
|
|
|
2,404 |
|
|
|
2,760 |
|
|
|
2,763 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
833 |
|
|
|
798 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
2,295 |
|
|
|
2,106 |
|
|
|
2,296 |
|
|
|
2,398 |
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
704 |
|
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
844 |
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
820 |
|
Other products |
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
677 |
|
|
|
702 |
|
|
|
760 |
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
6,625 |
|
|
|
6,485 |
|
|
|
7,057 |
|
|
|
7,600 |
|
|
|
7,445 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Sales figures exclude deliveries to other companies under reciprocal sale and purchase
arrangements, which are in the nature of exchanges. Sales of condensate and natural gas liquids are
included. |
[B] |
|
Since 1966, a Shell entity has a 25% interest in Pars Oil Company, a joint venture that blends
and markets lubricants. Pars Oil Company owns 51% in Pars and Shell Company (PASH), which markets
and distributes Shell branded lubricants in Iran. A Shell entity also has a 49% in PASH. |
[C] |
|
Shell operates in Sudan through The Shell Company of the Sudan Limited (Shell Sudan), which is
an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell. Shell Sudans activities consist of the
sale of fuels and lubricants to retail and commercial customers. Shell Sudan also sold aviation
fuels prior to the disposition of this activity in 2005. Shell does not hold any oil or gas
reserves in Sudan. |
[D] |
|
Certain contracts are held for trading purposes and reported net rather than gross with effect
from Q3 2005. The effect in 2007 is a reduction in oil product sales of approximately 805 thousand
b/d, 844 thousand b/d in 2006 and 424 thousand b/d in 2005. |
[E] |
|
Export sales as a percentage of total oil sales amounts to 19.6% in 2007, 17.8% in 2006, 14.3%
in 2005, 11.9% in 2004 and 11.8% in 2003. |
50 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SALES BY PRODUCT AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PRODUCT SALES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Gasolines |
|
|
32.9 |
|
|
|
34.0 |
|
|
|
34.1 |
|
|
|
36.3 |
|
|
|
37.1 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
11.4 |
|
|
|
11.6 |
|
|
|
11.5 |
|
|
|
10.9 |
|
|
|
10.7 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
34.7 |
|
|
|
32.5 |
|
|
|
32.5 |
|
|
|
31.6 |
|
|
|
31.1 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
10.6 |
|
|
|
11.5 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
11.2 |
|
|
|
11.0 |
|
Other products |
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
|
9.9 |
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL OIL SALES VOLUMES[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand barrels per day |
|
Oil products by geographical area |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
667 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
|
785 |
|
France |
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
268 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
283 |
|
UK and Republic of Ireland |
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
311 |
|
|
|
313 |
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
Others |
|
|
516 |
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,886 |
|
|
|
1,973 |
|
|
|
2,093 |
|
|
|
2,112 |
|
|
|
2,137 |
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
215 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
Others |
|
|
1,041 |
|
|
|
1,006 |
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
|
1,098 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
1,227 |
|
|
|
1,232 |
|
|
|
1,320 |
|
|
|
1,288 |
|
|
|
|
USA[A] |
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
1,471 |
|
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
|
2,516 |
|
|
|
2,392 |
|
|
|
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
276 |
|
Brazil |
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
170 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
Others |
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
305 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
708 |
|
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
|
Export sales |
|
|
1,297 |
|
|
|
1,157 |
|
|
|
1,011 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
|
Total oil
products[A] |
|
|
6,625 |
|
|
|
6,485 |
|
|
|
7,057 |
|
|
|
7,600 |
|
|
|
7,445 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Certain contracts
are held for
trading purposes
and reported net
rather than gross
with effect from Q3
2005. The effect in
2007 is a reduction
in oil product
sales of
approximately 805
thousand b/d,
in 2006 844 thousand b/d and in 2005 424 thousand b/d. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 51
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW OIL PRODUCTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REVENUE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
by product |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
75,387 |
|
|
|
65,910 |
|
|
|
62,189 |
|
|
|
55,594 |
|
|
|
44,830 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
26,060 |
|
|
|
23,485 |
|
|
|
21,775 |
|
|
|
16,308 |
|
|
|
10,826 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
80,458 |
|
|
|
68,899 |
|
|
|
63,357 |
|
|
|
48,304 |
|
|
|
35,344 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
14,972 |
|
|
|
13,948 |
|
|
|
13,218 |
|
|
|
9,688 |
|
|
|
8,424 |
|
Other products |
|
|
23,160 |
|
|
|
20,182 |
|
|
|
17,505 |
|
|
|
15,279 |
|
|
|
13,834 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil products |
|
|
220,037 |
|
|
|
192,424 |
|
|
|
178,044 |
|
|
|
145,173 |
|
|
|
113,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
by
geographical
area[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
65,697 |
|
|
|
60,755 |
|
|
|
55,968 |
|
|
|
44,010 |
|
|
|
35,618 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
43,986 |
|
|
|
37,869 |
|
|
|
31,705 |
|
|
|
25,725 |
|
|
|
19,957 |
|
USA |
|
|
49,598 |
|
|
|
44,370 |
|
|
|
49,574 |
|
|
|
46,500 |
|
|
|
34,533 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
23,679 |
|
|
|
21,465 |
|
|
|
19,957 |
|
|
|
15,116 |
|
|
|
12,751 |
|
Export
sales[B] |
|
|
37,077 |
|
|
|
27,965 |
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
|
|
13,822 |
|
|
|
10,399 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil products |
|
|
220,037 |
|
|
|
192,424 |
|
|
|
178,044 |
|
|
|
145,173 |
|
|
|
113,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Figures for 2003 are provided on a US GAAP basis. |
|
[B] |
|
By country of
destination, except
where the ultimate
destination is not
known at the time
of sale, in which
case the sales are
shown as export
sales. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AVERAGE PRODUCT REVENUE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ per barrel |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
by product |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasolines |
|
|
94.81 |
|
|
|
81.85 |
|
|
|
70.88 |
|
|
|
55.03 |
|
|
|
44.46 |
|
Kerosines |
|
|
94.44 |
|
|
|
85.97 |
|
|
|
73.52 |
|
|
|
53.52 |
|
|
|
37.18 |
|
Gas/Diesel oils |
|
|
96.04 |
|
|
|
89.61 |
|
|
|
75.61 |
|
|
|
55.04 |
|
|
|
41.90 |
|
Fuel oil |
|
|
58.29 |
|
|
|
51.20 |
|
|
|
42.91 |
|
|
|
31.17 |
|
|
|
28.14 |
|
Other products |
|
|
91.51 |
|
|
|
81.64 |
|
|
|
68.29 |
|
|
|
54.95 |
|
|
|
50.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil products |
|
|
90.97 |
|
|
|
81.30 |
|
|
|
69.12 |
|
|
|
52.19 |
|
|
|
41.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
by geographical area |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
95.42 |
|
|
|
84.36 |
|
|
|
73.21 |
|
|
|
56.93 |
|
|
|
45.67 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
93.91 |
|
|
|
84.55 |
|
|
|
70.52 |
|
|
|
53.30 |
|
|
|
42.45 |
|
USA |
|
|
91.35 |
|
|
|
82.65 |
|
|
|
67.48 |
|
|
|
50.48 |
|
|
|
39.56 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
96.60 |
|
|
|
89.47 |
|
|
|
77.28 |
|
|
|
55.51 |
|
|
|
46.64 |
|
Export sales |
|
|
78.25 |
|
|
|
66.25 |
|
|
|
56.48 |
|
|
|
41.57 |
|
|
|
32.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil products |
|
|
90.97 |
|
|
|
81.30 |
|
|
|
69.12 |
|
|
|
52.19 |
|
|
|
41.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Figures for 2003 are provided on a US GAAP basis. |
52 Royal Dutch Shell plc
During 2007, shipping portfolio changes included the
redelivery from demise charter of three medium-range
product tankers (25,000 to 45,000 dwt). One general
purpose product tanker (10,000 to 25,000 dwt) was
converted from demise charter to time charter. Three
new building US Jones Act large range product
tankers (45,000 to 160,000 dwt) were contracted on
time charter for delivery in 2009
and 2010. Two
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) carriers (82,250 and
73,800 cubic metres) were contracted on time charter
and one LPG carrier
(82,500 cubic metres) redelivered from time charter.
These changes together with other new charters,
charter renewals and redeliveries from time charter
are summarised in the table below. In addition, at the
end of 2007 three panamax size sulphur vessels were on
consecutive voyage charter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OIL
TANKERS[A]
(At December 31) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
number of ships |
|
|
million deadweight tonnes |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Owned/demise-hired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VLCCs (very large crude carriers over 160,000 dwt) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
Large range (45,000 to 160,000 dwt) |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
Medium range (25,000 to 45,000 dwt) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
General
purpose (10,000 to 25,000 dwt)/
Specialist |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time-chartered[B][C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VLCCs (very large crude carriers over 160,000 dwt)[D] |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
Large range (45,000 to 160,000 dwt) |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
Medium range (25,000 to 45,000 dwt) |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
General
purpose (10,000 to 25,000 dwt)/ Specialist |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total oil tankers |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owned/demise-hired
under construction or on
order[E] |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LPG GAS CARRIERS[A][F]
(At December 31) |
|
|
number of ships |
|
|
thousand cubic metres |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Owned/demise-hired (LPG) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
Time-chartered (LPG) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Oil tankers, ocean going articulated tug barges and gas carriers of 10,000 dwt and above
which are owned/chartered by subsidiaries where the equity shareholding is at least 50%. |
|
[B] |
|
Time-chartered oil tankers include consecutive voyage charters. |
|
[C] |
|
Contracts of affreightment are not included. |
|
[D] |
|
Four of the time-chartered VLCCs are directly manned and managed by subsidiaries. |
|
[E] |
|
Owned/demise hired new building contracts not in service but due for delivery post December 31, 2007. |
|
[F] |
|
LNG shipping is covered under the Gas & Power Operating and Financial Review. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 53
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Chemicals
HIGHLIGHTS
|
|
Strong financial performance with
segment earnings of $2.1 billion. |
|
|
|
Full year of operations at the Nanhai
petrochemical complex with high operating rate. |
|
|
|
Construction on schedule of the new world-scale
ethylene cracker and mono-ethylene glycol (MEG)
plant in Singapore. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Revenue (including intersegment
sales) |
|
|
45,911 |
|
|
|
40,750 |
|
|
|
34,996 |
|
Purchases (including change in
inventories) |
|
|
(39,727 |
) |
|
|
(35,765 |
) |
|
|
(29,565 |
) |
Depreciation |
|
|
(666 |
) |
|
|
(668 |
) |
|
|
(599 |
) |
Operating expenses |
|
|
(3,744 |
) |
|
|
(3,615 |
) |
|
|
(3,613 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted
investments |
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
423 |
|
Other income/(expense) |
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
Taxation |
|
|
(396 |
) |
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
(335 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings from
continuing operations |
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
1,298 |
|
Income/(loss) from
discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COUNTRIES IN WHICH CHEMICALS HAS OPERATIONS |
Europe
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
The Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
UK
|
|
Africa
South Africa
Middle East
Saudi Arabia
United Arab
Emirates
|
|
Asia Pacific
Australia
China (including
Hong Kong)
Japan
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
|
|
USA
Canada
Latin America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela
|
|
The
Caribbean
Puerto Rico |
54
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Chemicals is part of Shells downstream organisation.
The downstream businesses turn crude oil and synthetic
crude from our oil sands operation into a range of
refined products including fuels, lubricants and
petrochemicals, which they also deliver to market.
Chemicals produces and sells petrochemicals to
industrial customers worldwide. The products are widely
used in plastics, coatings and detergents found in
items such as textiles, medical supplies and computers.
Chemicals employs more than 6,000 people in more than
30 countries. In 2007, it generated $45.9 billion of
revenue and earnings of $2.1 billion.
Technical availability is a key indicator in
monitoring manufacturing reliability performance in
Chemicals and is a measure of the percentage of time
manufacturing units were available to produce
product. Production reliability supports the
following priorities:
no harm to people;
no harm to the environment; and
reliable supply of products to customers.
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Segment earnings in 2007 were $2,051 million, compared
to $1,064 million in 2006 and $991 million in 2005.
Earnings in 2005 included $307 million of losses from
discontinued operations, related to the sale of
Basell.
Earnings in 2007 were $987 million higher than 2006.
This was
mainly due to improved reliability at our plants,
higher margins and improved earnings from
equity-accounted investments. Setting aside the effect
of discontinued operations, earnings in 2006 were $234
million lower than 2005. This was due to lower margins
and higher depreciation, partly offset by better
earnings from equity-accounted investments and lower
taxation.
In 2007, sales volumes of chemical products fell by 3%
from 2006 mainly in base chemicals, due to a reduction
of sales of lower margin products, including aromatics
trading. The increase in margins in 2007 was mostly
driven by our base chemicals business in the USA,
which benefited from higher refinery margins as well
as from the impact of crude appreciation. Record
market prices in MEG, driven by major industry
outages, also contributed to improved margins from our
intermediates business. Depreciation was in line with
2006 due to impairment charges in both years.
Technical availability was 93% in 2007 compared to 90%
in 2006 which was impacted by a heavy scheduled
maintenance programme. Operating expenses increased,
mainly due to foreign exchange effects and one-off
items. Equity-accounted investments income was higher,
benefiting mainly from higher earnings at Nanhai our
petrochemical complex in China, which was operational
for the whole of 2007. Taxation increased in 2007 as
2006 benefited from one-off items.
In 2006, sales volumes of chemical products grew by 1%
from 2005 mainly in base chemicals due to higher
aromatics trading volumes. The increase in unit
proceeds compared to 2005 was more than offset by the
increase in feedstock prices, resulting in lower
margins. Technical availability in 2006 was below that
of 2005 availability of 93% due to a heavy planned
maintenance programme in 2006. Depreciation was $69
million higher in 2006 compared to 2005 mainly due to
asset impairments. Operating expenses in 2006 were in
line with those of 2005. Reduced taxation reflected
benefits from tax rate changes in Canada and in the
Netherlands as well as a settlement of tax exposures in
the Netherlands.
Global demand for petrochemicals in 2008 is expected to
increase in line with world economic growth, mainly
driven by the Asia Pacific region. Sustained demand
growth in petrochemicals in recent years has resulted
in a series of industry investments in the Middle East
and Asia Pacific, which will be coming on-stream during
the next five years. Increased supply due to these new
projects, coupled with the prospect of continued high
costs of feedstock and energy, are expected to have an
adverse impact on margins.
The Chemicals strategy remains unchanged and continues
to focus on our portfolio of crackers and selected
first-line derivatives, which supply bulk
petrochemicals to large industrial customers. Our
strategy is to strengthen our asset base in the
Americas and Europe, and to achieve profitable growth
in Asia Pacific and in the Middle East.
To add to the Nanhai petrochemical complex joint
venture in China, we are building a major new
petrochemical facility in Singapore. Work continues on
developing investment opportunities in the Middle East.
Our focus will be on continuing to exploit synergies
between Chemicals, Oil Products, Oil Sands and our
upstream business to increase advantaged cracker feed;
on driving our global standards and processes; on
fully leveraging our technology investment; and on
optimising our global market positions.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Capital investment in 2007 was $1.4 billion, up from
$0.9 billion in
2006. Capital expenditure increased by $594 million
from 2006 reflecting increased investments in new
projects, in particular at the Shell Eastern
Petrochemicals Complex in Singapore. Since construction
began in October 2006 on the new 800,000 tonnes per
year ethylene cracker complex on Pulau Bukom and the
750,000 tonnes per year MEG plant on Jurong Island, we
have achieved significant milestones. These include
completion of the piling, civil foundation and
underground construction, leading to the start of the
assembly of main structures. In addition, the final
investment decision was taken to proceed with the
construction of a new butadiene extraction unit on
Pulau Bukom. This project will have an initial capacity
of 155,000 tonnes per year. All these projects combine
to represent Shells largest-ever chemicals investment
in Singapore and are on schedule for start-up in
2009/2010.
The Nanhai petrochemical complex in China, a joint
venture between China National Offshore Oil Corporation
(CNOOC) and Shell Petrochemicals Company Limited
(CSPCL) (Shell interest 50%), which started-up in 2006,
enjoyed a full year of commercial operation. Asset
performance and corresponding sales volumes have been
strong. The Chinese market for petrochemicals continues
to grow and we now have a business licence extension
enabling Shell China Ltd to import, export, buy and
sell chemicals in local renminbi currency.
As part of our strategy to improve the long-term
potential and competitiveness of our European assets,
we have taken an investment decision to increase polyol
capacity at the Pernis manufacturing complex in the
Netherlands. Capacity will go from 155,000 to 255,000
tonnes per year and is expected to be on-stream by
mid-2008. We also announced a significant investment to
improve the integration of the Pernis-Moerdijk refinery
and chemicals complex in the Netherlands. This project
will concentrate on supplying hydro wax from the Pernis
refinery, and other Shell refineries in Europe, to
Moerdijk which will consequently benefit from lower
feedstock costs. The project is expected to be complete
and on-stream during the first quarter of 2009.
Continuing our business portfolio review, we have
signed a sale and purchase agreement for the sale of
the Berre-lEtang refinery site complex and associated
infrastructure and businesses (including the Oil
Products related activities and business). A price of
$700 million (including Oil Products) has been agreed,
with completion expected during the first half of 2008.
Our Yabucoa petrochemicals feedstock plant in Puerto
Rico, which has a capacity of 77,000 barrels per day
(Shell interest 100%) remains under review for
divestment. Shell Chemicals and ExxonMobil Chemical,
partners in the additives joint venture Infineum, have
agreed to evaluate market interest and will be
discussing Infineum with several potential buyers, as
part of a study to review strategic options.
Investments in research and development (R&D) continue
to drive product and process technology improvements
which enable Shell to sustain leadership positions in
selected chemical products. Improvements in
manufacturing processes enabling increased feedstock
flexibility, product yield, energy efficiency and plant
throughput are leading to lower production costs at
existing facilities and lower investment costs for new
facilities. For example, manufacturing capacity of
flexible polyols was increased and asset productivity
enhanced through new process technology.
Shells chemical operations benefit from integration
with our oil refining process technology and assets.
Current projects in Singapore and in the Netherlands
apply technology to drive further chemical-refining
integration, reducing feedstock and other operating
costs. New process technology to produce MEG will be
applied in the Singapore project which will further
increase yield of the desired product and
reduce cost. Longer-term R&D focuses on developing
competitively advantaged process technologies which
convert strategic feedstocks, natural gas and coal into
higher-value chemicals, and which integrate upstream
operations to create additional value.
Shell currently produces a range of base chemicals such
as ethylene, propylene and aromatics, and intermediates
chemicals such as styrene monomer, propylene oxide,
solvents, detergent alcohols and ethylene oxide.
Shell sells these petrochemicals to industrial
customers globally. The products are widely used in
plastics, coatings and detergents, which in turn are
used in products such as fibres and textiles, thermal
and electrical insulation, medical equipment and
sterile supplies, computers, lighter and more
efficient vehicles, paints and biodegradable
detergents.
Chemicals has more than 2,500 customers across the
world, with around 25 customers accounting for
approximately 60% of our sales proceeds. These key
customers are major multi-national organisations,
including many household names, which buy large volumes
from us, often across several product areas. Our
relationships with these customers, typically involving
long-term supply contracts, are strategically important
to our business.
Shell Trading markets and trades condensate, naphtha
and benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX) aromatics in support
of the Chemicals business. In addition, Shell Global
Solutions provides technical services, consultancy,
research and development and catalysts to Shells
Chemicals business (and third parties).
The Chemicals portfolio includes several joint
ventures: Infineum, Saudi Petrochemical Company
(Sadaf), CNOOC and CSPCL (each as described below).
Infineum, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and ExxonMobil with
Royal Dutch Shell plc 55
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
CHEMICALS
manufacturing locations in seven countries (USA,
Mexico, Brazil, Germany, France, Italy, and
Singapore), formulates, manufactures and markets
high-quality additives for use in fuel, lubricants,
and speciality additives and components.
Sadaf, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and Saudi
Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), produces base
and intermediate chemicals for international
markets.
CSPCL, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and CNOOC
Petrochemicals Investment Ltd., produces a range of
petrochemicals, intended mainly for the Chinese
markets. The construction of the Nanhai petrochemicals
complex in southern China was completed at the end of
2005 and a successful start-up in early 2006 has
brought the joint venture into full commercial
operation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SALES VOLUMES BY MAIN PRODUCT CATEGORY
[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand tonnes |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Base chemicals |
|
|
12,968 |
|
|
|
14,146 |
|
|
|
13,710 |
|
|
|
14,184 |
|
|
|
13,165 |
|
First-line derivatives |
|
|
9,577 |
|
|
|
8,964 |
|
|
|
8,891 |
|
|
|
9,499 |
|
|
|
9,779 |
|
Other |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
22,555 |
|
|
|
23,137 |
|
|
|
22,826 |
|
|
|
24,160 |
|
|
|
23,108 |
|
|
|
SALES VOLUMES BY REGION
[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand tonnes |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
8,908 |
|
|
|
9,361 |
|
|
|
10,018 |
|
|
|
10,159 |
|
|
|
9,902 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
5,466 |
|
|
|
5,673 |
|
|
|
5,252 |
|
|
|
5,526 |
|
|
|
5,397 |
|
USA |
|
|
7,469 |
|
|
|
7,464 |
|
|
|
6,893 |
|
|
|
7,819 |
|
|
|
7,108 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
22,555 |
|
|
|
23,137 |
|
|
|
22,826 |
|
|
|
24,160 |
|
|
|
23,108 |
|
|
|
REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Europe |
|
|
10,492 |
|
|
|
9,642 |
|
|
|
8,981 |
|
|
|
7,873 |
|
|
|
5,617 |
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
5,979 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
4,640 |
|
|
|
4,530 |
|
|
|
3,092 |
|
USA |
|
|
7,948 |
|
|
|
7,669 |
|
|
|
6,564 |
|
|
|
6,159 |
|
|
|
4,369 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
919 |
|
|
|
758 |
|
|
|
735 |
|
|
|
616 |
|
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total chemical products revenue |
|
|
25,338 |
|
|
|
23,607 |
|
|
|
20,920 |
|
|
|
19,178 |
|
|
|
13,564 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-chemical products |
|
|
4,648 |
|
|
|
4,124 |
|
|
|
2,998 |
|
|
|
2,311 |
|
|
|
1,622 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
29,986 |
|
|
|
27,731 |
|
|
|
23,918 |
|
|
|
21,489 |
|
|
|
15,186 |
|
|
|
ETHYLENE
CAPACITY - SHELL AND EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS
[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
Nominal capacity (thousand tonnes/year) |
|
|
6,216 |
|
|
|
6,178 |
|
|
|
6,414 |
|
|
|
6,701 |
|
|
|
6,203 |
|
Utilisation (%) |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
[A] |
|
Excluding volumes sold by equity-accounted investments,
chemical feedstock trading and by-products. |
[B] |
|
Excluding
revenue from equity-accounted investments, chemical
feedstock trading and intersegment revenue. |
[C] |
|
Data
includes our share of capacity entitlement (offtake rights)
that may be different from nominal equity interest. |
At December 31, 2007, Shell had major
interests in chemical manufacturing plants, as
described below.
EUROPE
France At Berre lEtang, Shell Pétrochimie
Méditerranée S.A.S. (SPM) (Shell interest 100%), owns
and operates petrochemicals units manufacturing
solvents, and di-isobutylene. SPM also operates at
Berre additives units on behalf of Infineum, several
polymer units on behalf of third party companies, and
Basells ethylene cracker, logistics assets and
butadiene plant. In line with Shells strategy and
active portfolio management, Société des Pétroles
Shell has signed a sale and purchase
agreement for
the sale of its Berre-lEtang refinery site complex
and associated infrastructure and businesses to
Basell.
Germany Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH (SDO) (Shell
interest 100%) owns and operates manufacturing plants
in Hamburg (hydrocarbon solvents), Godorf (benzene and
toluene), Wesseling (ethylene, propylene, BTX and
methanol), and Heide (ethylene, propylene, BTX and
hydrocarbon solvents). By virtue of Shells interest
(32.25%) in the relevant manufacturing company, Shell
Chemicals Europe B.V. (SCE) is entitled to a
proportion of the production of propylene and methyl
tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from plants in Karlsruhe.
Due to Shells
56 Royal Dutch Shell plc
share interest (37.5%) in a company in Schwedt, SCE receives propylene and BTX.
The Netherlands Shell Nederland Chemie B.V. (SNC)
(Shell interest 100%) manufactures at the Pernis
facility solvents, MTBE, brake fluids, glycol ethers,
urethanes (polyols) and isoprenes and operates an
Elastomers (Kraton) plant on behalf of a third party
company. Manufacturing of butene ceased in December 2007 and
since July 2007 we no longer operate the Basell
polypropylene plant. At the Moerdijk facility, SNC
manufactures lower olefins, benzene, butadiene, ethyl
benzene, ethylene glycols, ethylene oxide, and styrene
monomer/propylene oxide (SM/PO) and operates a VEOVA
(Hexion) plant on behalf of a third party company. SNC
also operates at Moerdijk a SM/PO plant owned by Ellba
CV, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and BASF. Shell
Chemicals Europe B.V. is the sole Shell supply and
marketing company for chemicals products in Western
Europe and is responsible for chemicals sales
contracts, chemicals logistic contracts, chemicals
distribution agreements, supply chain management, and
procurement of feedstock and process chemicals across
the region.
UK Shell U.K. Oil Products Ltd. (as an agent for Shell
U.K. Ltd.) operates Shell Chemicals U.K. Ltds (SCUKs)
(Shell interest 100%) plant at Stanlow, which produces
propylene, benzene, toluene, and higher olefins and
derivatives. In July 2007, SCUK closed its plant at
Carrington, which was previously operated by Basell and
produced derivatives from ethylene oxide (ethoxylates)
and polyols. The production of the polyols was
transferred to SNCs polyols facility at Pernis. SCUK
also owns NEODOL® ethoxylates assets operated by
Uniqema at Wilton. The ethoxylates production at Carrington was
transferred to Wilton during the year. SCE has indirect
rights to an ethylene oxide supply from Dows Wilton
facility. At Fife in Scotland, ExxonMobil owns and
operates an ethylene plant from which, under a
processing rights agreement, SCE is entitled to 50% of
the output.
OTHER EASTERN HEMISPHERE
China CNOOC and Shell Petrochemicals Company Ltd.
(CSPCL) is a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and
CNOOC Petrochemicals Investment Ltd. (CPIL). CPIL
shareholders are CNOOC and the Guangdong Investment &
Development Company. Construction of the world scale
production facilities, Nanhai, designed to produce 2.3
million metric tonnes of petrochemical products per
annum, was completed end 2005. The complex is located
in the Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development
Zone in the Huizhou Municipality of Guangdong Province.
Following a successful start-up in early 2006, the
joint venture is now fully operational. CSPCL produces
a range of petrochemicals, including ethylene,
propylene, styrene monomer, propylene oxide, polyols,
propylene glycol, mono-ethylene glycol, polypropylene,
high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and
butadiene. These products are primarily marketed
domestically to meet the demand in the Chinese market
for petrochemicals.
Saudi Arabia Sadaf, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell
and SABIC, owns and operates a 1 million tonnes per
year ethylene cracker and downstream plants capable of
producing 3.6 million tonnes per annum of crude
industrial ethanol, ethylene dichloride, caustic soda,
styrene, and MTBE. The marketing arms of both partners
handle the international marketing of Sadaf products,
except for MTBE, which is marketed by SABIC. Our
marketing effort is co-ordinated by Shell Trading
(M.E.) Private Ltd. (Shell interest 100%) located in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Singapore Shell owns a 50% and 30% equity interest in
two Sumitomo-managed joint ventures, Petrochemical
Corporation of
Singapore (Private) Ltd. (PCS) and The Polyolefin
Company (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (TPC), respectively. PCS
owns and operates two ethylene crackers with a total
capacity of 1.1 million metric tonnes per annum of
ethylene and 850,000 metric tonnes per annum of
propylene. TPC owns and operates two polyolefin plants.
Ethylene Glycols (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (Shell interest
70%) owns and operates an ethylene oxide/glycols plant.
Shell Chemicals Seraya Pte. Ltd. (SCSL) (Shell interest
100%) owns and operates a SM/PO plant, and operates a
SM/PO plant owned by Ellba Eastern Pte Ltd., a 50:50
joint venture between Shell and BASF. SCSL also
operates two propylene oxide derivatives plants and one
mono-propylene glycol plant owned by Shell Eastern
Petroleum (Pte) Ltd (SEPL). SEPL is building a
world-scale ethylene cracker and MEG plant in Singapore
with plant production expected to come on-stream in
2009/2010.
USA
Shell Chemical LP (SCLP) and other associated entities
have manufacturing facilities located at Mobile,
Alabama; Martinez, California; St. Rose, Geismar and
Norco, Louisiana; and Deer Park, Texas. Chemical
products include lower olefins, aromatics, phenol,
solvents, ethylene oxide/glycols, higher olefins and
their derivatives, RM17 catalyst, propanediol and
additives. These chemical products are used in many
consumer and industrial products and processes,
primarily in the USA.
Shells major chemicals joint ventures in the USA are:
Infineum, a 50:50 joint venture between Shell and
ExxonMobil, which formulates, manufactures, and markets
high-quality additives for use in fuels, lubricants,
and specialty additives and components; and Sabina
Petrochemicals LLC, a joint venture owned by SCLP
(62%), BASF Corporation (23%) and Total Petrochemicals
USA, Inc. (15%) which produces butadiene at its
facility at Port Arthur, Texas.
OTHER WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Canada Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd. (SCCL) (Shell
interest 100%) produces styrene, isopropyl alcohol, and
ethylene glycol. Manufacturing locations are at Sarnia,
Ontario and near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. SCCL sells
its products to Shell Chemicals Americas Inc. (SCAI)
(Shell interest 100%). SCAI is the marketing company
for (i) all Canadian domestic sales of chemical
products, (ii) all exports of Canadian made chemical
products, and (iii) exports of US made chemical
products where a Shell entity arranges transportation.
PTT Poly Canada, L.P., a 50:50 joint venture (limited
partnership pursuant to the Civil Code of Quebec,
Canada) between SCCL and Investissements Petrochimie
(2080) Inc., a subsidiary of the Société Générale de
Financement du Québec, owns and operates a world-scale
polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) plant near
Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The joint venture markets PTT
under the trademark CORTERRA Polymers, with its main
use in carpet and textile fibres. A third party, Basell
Canada Inc., operates the isopropyl alcohol plant at
Sarnia on behalf of Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd.
Puerto Rico Shell Chemical Yabucoa Inc. (SCYI) (Shell
interest 100%) owns and operates a 77,000 barrel per
day refinery producing feedstock for the Deer Park,
Texas chemical plant. The facility also produces
gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and residual fuels,
primarily for use in Puerto Rico.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 57
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Corporate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Interest and investment income/(expense) |
|
|
875 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
Currency exchange gains/(losses) |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
(65 |
) |
Other including taxation |
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
(241 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings from continuing operations |
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings |
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
58 Royal Dutch Shell plc
OVERVIEW
Corporate is a non-operating segment representing the
functional activities supporting the Shell group. Key
functional activities comprise holdings and treasury,
headquarters and central functions and Shell
insurance operations.
The segment results of all other Shell segments exclude
interest and other income of a non-operational nature,
interest expense, non-trading currency exchange effects
and tax on these items. These are included in the
Corporate segment earnings together with the insurance
underwriting results and the functional costs that have
not been allocated to the other segments.
Holdings and treasury manages the financial assets and
liabilities of Shell. It acts as the point of contact
between Shell and the external capital markets and
conducts a broad range of transactions from raising new
debt to share buybacks. Holdings and treasury is
supported by treasury centres in London, Houston,
Singapore and Rio de Janeiro.
Headquarters and central functions include costs
required to support Royal Dutch Shell plc
shareholder-related activities. The central
functions provide business support in their
respective fields including finance, human
resources, legal, corporate affairs, real estate and
IT. The majority of costs are recovered from the
business segments based on specified methodologies.
The Shell insurance companies offer insurance cover
worldwide to subsidiaries and to joint ventures in
which Shell has an equity interest. In the case of
joint ventures, the amount of insurance offered is
usually limited to Shells percentage interest. The
Shell insurance companies provide cover that is
required by any Shell company to the extent this
cover is commercially available.
EARNINGS 2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
Corporate segment earnings were $1,387 million in
2007, compared to $294 million in 2006 and a loss of
$328 million in 2005.
Net interest and investment income increased by $799
million during 2007 compared to 2006 and included the
realisation of gains on the sale of the equity
portfolio held by the Shell insurance companies of
$404 million. Currency exchange results improved
during 2007 and 2006.
Other earnings increased by $202 million in 2007
compared to 2006 and included a gain of $55 million
related to the sale of property, higher insurance
underwriting results and lower tax credits. In 2006,
compared to 2005, Other earnings included higher
insurance underwriting results, higher tax credits
which were partly offset by a $500 million provision in
respect of litigation.
Research and development
Shells research and development (R&D) activities
result in technological solutions for our operating
businesses and energy projects around the world. A
substantial proportion of programmes underpin our
drive to help meet the worlds growing demand for
energy in a responsible way. To do this, we focus on
generating technologies that will improve our ability
to find, lower the cost to develop, recover and
process greater volumes of oil and gas; develop
alternative energy sources; and minimise the
environmental impact of our operations and the
products we sell, including reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and water wastage. Our R&D programmes also
seek to continuously improve the safety, cost
efficiency, and reliability of our operations and the
performance of our products.
In 2007, we strengthened the co-ordination and funding
of a number of our cross business R&D programmes where
each of Shells major businesses has a specific but
connected role in its generation or use. These
programmes include the generation of solutions to
reduce or store
carbon dioxide (CO2); the application of industrial biotechnology;
development of new oil conversion processes; and
synthesis gas (syngas) production and use which is
central to the manufacture of differentiated
hydrocarbon products from gas, coal and biomass.
We also increased our focus on the management of three
core areas: operational performance, the leverage of
third parties in the development and deployment of
technologies, and the development and protection of
proprietary technologies.
Shell employs around 30,000 technical staff, including
contractors, of whom around 10% are directly involved
in R&D or demonstration projects. We have a global
network of technical centres close to our key markets
and our wide range of resources from gas to heavy oil.
In our technology centres in Houston, USA, and in
Amsterdam and Rijswijk in the Netherlands, the focus is
on innovation and development of new technologies, the
improvement of existing ones and the integration of
programmes across our businesses. Our other technical
centres focus on product development, marketing support
or providing specific technical assistance to regional
operations, and are located in Belgium, Canada, France,
Germany, India, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Singapore and the
UK.
In 2007, Shells R&D expenses were $1,201 million
compared to $885 million in 2006 and $588 million in
2005. This significant and growing investment in R&D
aims to secure the delivery of Shells Technology
differentiation strategy.
More details of our R&D activities can be found in
the Operating and Financial Review sections of the
businesses.
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Key performance indicators
OVERALL PERFORMANCE SHELL SCORECARD
Shell uses a number of key performance indicators to
evaluate the overall performance of Shell from a
financial, efficiency, social and sustainable
development perspective. In addition, Shell monitors
and manages the businesses by means of detailed
parameters.
Shells future oil and gas production depends on the
success of very large projects that require significant
human and capital resources over long periods of time
of up to 10 to 30 years.
The key performance indicators and parameters do not
necessarily reflect the long-term performance of Shell
although these might provide an impression of
performance.
The scorecard highlights four key performance
factors which together provide a summarised overview
of Shells performance. The four key performance
indicators are measured on a quarterly basis.
As explained on page 96 of the Directors
Remuneration Report the scorecard is also used to
determine remuneration for staff, Senior Management
and Executive Directors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHELL SCORECARD |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
1 Total shareholder return |
|
|
23.8% |
|
|
|
10.9% |
|
2 Cash flow from operations ($ billion) |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
3 Operational efficiency: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas production (thousands boe/day)[A] |
|
|
3,315 |
|
|
|
3,473 |
|
LNG sales (million tonnes) |
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
Refining controllable unplanned downtime |
|
|
5.4% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
Chemical plant availability |
|
|
92.6% |
|
|
|
90.2% |
|
4 Sustainable development (TRCF)[B] |
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Combined Exploration &
Production and Oil Sands
production. |
[B] |
|
Please see page 75
for a description of TRCF. |
TOTAL SHAREHOLDER RETURN (25% SCORECARD WEIGHTING)
Total shareholder return (TSR) is measured as the sum
of the difference between the share price at the start
of the year and the share price at the end of the year
plus the cash value of dividends paid during the
calendar year (gross and reinvested quarterly). The TSR
is compared against other major integrated oil
companies and provides therefore a benchmark of how
Shell is performing against its industry
peers.
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES (25% SCORECARD
WEIGHTING)
Cash flow from operating activities is a measure that
reflects Shells ability to generate funding from
operations for its investing and financing activities
and is representative of the realisation of value for
shareholders from Shell operations. The Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows on page 116 shows the
components of cash flow. In 2007, the cash flow from
operating activities for scorecard purposes is adjusted
for taxes paid on divestments.
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY (30% SCORECARD WEIGHTING)
Within each of the different businesses, operational
performance is measured by means of detailed parameters
that are combined into a business dashboard.
Operational excellence of Exploration & Production, Gas
& Power, Oil Products and Chemicals is measured
quarterly. The four key indicators for the businesses
are production, including oil sands, for Exploration &
Production, LNG sales for Gas & Power, refining
controllable unplanned downtime for Oil Products and
technical plant availability for Chemicals.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (20% SCORECARD WEIGHTING)
As well as measuring financial performance and
efficiency, Shell uses various indicators to evaluate
Shells contribution to Sustainable Development. This
report discusses on pages 68-74 the priorities with
regards to staff and highlights key performance
indicators such as greenhouse gas emissions, use of
flaring and energy use in its businesses and assets.
Safety remains a key topic for Shell and is measured by
the number of injuries and fatal accidents, as
discussed on page 75. It is Shells aim to work closely
with customers, partners and policymakers to advance
more efficient and sustainable uses of energy and
natural resources.
OVERALL PERFORMANCE OTHER INDICATORS
In addition to the four key performance indicators
that determine the scorecard, additional financial
indicators are used to evaluate Shells performance
including:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FINANCIAL INDICATORS |
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Income for the period ($ million) |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
Return on average capital employed |
|
|
24.4% |
|
|
|
23.4% |
|
|
|
25.6% |
|
Gearing at December 31 |
|
|
16.6% |
|
|
|
14.8% |
|
|
|
13.6% |
|
|
INCOME FOR THE PERIOD
The Consolidated Statement of Income on page 113
provides further information on income for the period.
The Summary of results on pages 16-18 of the Operating
and Financial Review as well as the discussion of
segment results on pages 19-58 provide further
information on the contribution of the businesses to
income.
RETURN ON AVERAGE CAPITAL EMPLOYED (ROACE)
ROACE measures the efficiency of Shells utilisation of
the capital that it employs. In this calculation, ROACE
is defined as income attributable to shareholders
adjusted for Shells share of interest expense, after
tax, as a percentage of Shells share of average
capital employed for the period. Capital employed
consists of total equity, current debt and non-current
debt. The tax rate and the minority interest components
are derived from calculations at the published segment
level. Between 2005 and 2007, ROACE has moved within a
23-26% range, mainly caused by strong income
generation. A significant increase in capital employed
of 18% between 2005 and 2006 resulted in a reduction in
ROACE compared to 2005. A significant increase in
income attributable to shareholders, partly offset by
an increase in
capital employed, resulted in an increase in ROACE of
1.0% in 2007 compared to 2006.
60 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMPONENTS OF ROACE CALCULATION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Income attributable to shareholders |
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
25,311 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell share of interest expense
after tax |
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
602 |
|
ROACE numerator |
|
|
31,972 |
|
|
|
26,104 |
|
|
|
25,913 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell share of capital employed opening |
|
|
120,235 |
|
|
|
102,917 |
|
|
|
99,815 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell share of capital employed closing |
|
|
141,770 |
|
|
|
120,235 |
|
|
|
102,917 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell share of
capital employed average |
|
|
131,003 |
|
|
|
111,576 |
|
|
|
101,366 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROACE |
|
|
24.4% |
|
|
|
23.4% |
|
|
|
25.6% |
|
|
GEARING
The gearing ratio is a measure of Shells financial
leverage reflecting the degree to which Shells
operations are financed by debt and certain other
off-balance sheet obligations (see Note 19[D] to the
Consolidated Financial Statements on page 138). The
amount of debt that Shell will commit to depends on
cash inflow from operations, divestment proceeds and
cash outflow in the form of capital investment[A]
(including acquisitions), dividend payments and
share repurchases. As described in the section
Liquidity and capital resources (on pages 62-65),
Shell has a central financing and debt programme
currently containing four different debt instruments.
Shell aims to maintain an efficient balance sheet to be
able to finance investment and growth, after the
funding of dividends.
During 2006, the gearing ratio increased from 13.6% to
14.8%. In 2007, the gearing ratio increased to 16.6%
mainly due to an increase in total debt and in
operating lease obligations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Capital investment consists of capital expenditure
plus exploration expense and new investments in
equity-accounted investments. Capital expenditure and
exploration expense are further defined on page 25.
|
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Liquidity and capital resources
2007 COMPARED TO 2006 AND 2005
OVERVIEW
The most significant factors affecting year-to-year
comparisons of cash flow provided by operating
activities are; changes in realised prices for crude
oil and natural gas; crude oil, natural gas and oil
sands (bitumen) production levels; and refining and
marketing margins. These factors are also the most
significant affecting income. Acquisitions, divestments
and other portfolio changes can affect the
comparability of cash flows in the year of the
transaction.
Since the contribution of Exploration & Production to
earnings is larger than our other businesses, changes
affecting Exploration & Production, particularly
changes in realised crude oil and natural gas prices
and production levels have a significant impact on the
cash flow of Shell. While Exploration & Production
benefits from higher realised crude oil and natural gas
prices, the extent of such benefit (and the extent of a
detriment from a decline in these prices) is dependent
on the extent that contractual arrangements are tied to
market prices; the dynamics of production-sharing
contracts; the existence of agreements with governments
or national oil companies that have limited sensitivity
to crude oil price; tax impacts; the extent to which
changes in crude oil price flow through into operating
costs; and the impact of natural gas prices. Changes,
therefore, in benchmark prices for crude oil and
natural gas only provide a broad indicator of changes
in the earnings experienced in any particular period by
Exploration & Production.
In Oil Products, our second largest business, changes
in any one of a range of factors derived from either
within or beyond the industry can influence margins in
the short or long term. The precise impact of any such
change at a given point in time is dependent upon other
prevailing conditions and the elasticity of the oil
markets. For example, a sudden decrease in crude oil
and/or natural gas prices would in the very short term
lead to an increase in combined refining and marketing
margins until responding downward price corrections
materialise in the international oil products markets.
The converse arises for sudden crude or natural gas
price increases. The duration and impact of these
dynamics is in turn a function of a number of factors
determining the market response, including whether a
change in crude price affects all crude types or only a
specific grade; regional and global crude oil and
refined products inventory; and the collective speed of
response of the industry refiners and product marketers
in adjusting their operations. It should be noted that
commonly agreed benchmarks for refinery and marketing
margins do not exist in the way that Brent and WTI
crude oil prices and Henry Hub natural gas prices in
the USA serve as benchmarks in the Exploration &
Production business.
In the longer term, reserve replacement of oil and gas
and minable oil sands reserves will affect the ability
of Shell to continue to maintain or increase
production levels in Exploration & Production and Oil
Sands, which in turn will affect our cash flow
provided by operating activities and income. We will
need to take measures to maintain or increase
production levels and cash flows in future periods,
which measures may include developing new fields and
mines, continuing to develop and apply new
technologies and recovery processes to existing fields
and mines, and making selective focused acquisitions.
Our goal is to offset declines from production and
increase reserves. However, reserve and/or production
increases are subject to a variety of risks and other
factors, including the uncertainties of exploration,
operational interruptions, geology, frontier
conditions, availability of new technology and
62 Royal Dutch Shell plc
engineering capacity, availability
of skilled resources, project delays and potential
cost overruns as well as fiscal, regulatory and
political changes.
Shell has a diverse portfolio of development projects
and exploration opportunities, which may mitigate the
overall political and technical risks of Exploration &
Production and the associated cash flow provided by
operating activities.
It is our intention to continue to divest and, where
appropriate, make selective acquisitions as part of
active portfolio management. The number of companies
or assets divested will depend on market
opportunities.
We manage our portfolio of businesses to balance cash
flow provided by operating activities against uses of
cash over time, based on conservative assumptions
relating to crude oil prices relative to average
market crude oil prices during 2006 and 2007.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Cash flow from operating activities reached a record
level of $34.5 billion in 2007 compared with $31.7
billion in 2006 and $30.1 billion in 2005. The
increased cash flow from operations was driven mainly
by the growth in income to $31.9 billion in 2007 from
$26.3 billion in 2006 and 2005 as well as a reduction
in taxation paid in 2007 compared to 2006.
Cash flow from/(used in) investing activities was
$(14.6) billion in 2007, a reduction from $(20.9)
billion in 2006 as proceeds from sale of assets,
equity-accounted investments and financial assets more
than offset increased capital expenditure in 2007. In
2005, cash flow from/(used in) investing activities was
$(8.8) billion reflecting lower capital expenditure and
higher proceeds from sale of assets and sale of
equity-accounted investments than in 2006.
Cash flow from/(used in) financing activities
increased to $(19.4) billion from $(13.7) billion in
2006, primarily due to the acquisition of the Shell
Canada minority interest (see Note 28 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements). In 2005, cash flow
from/(used in) financing was $(18.6) billion
reflecting lower new debt borrowings and higher
dividends than in 2006. In addition, in 2005 there
were payments to former Royal Dutch shareholders in
relation to the Unification.
Cash and cash equivalents reached $9.7 billion at
year-end, up slightly from the 2006 level of $9.0
billion and down from the 2005 level of $11.7
billion.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXTRACT FROM CASH FLOW STATEMENT[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ billion |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Cash flow from operating activities |
|
|
34.5 |
|
|
|
31.7 |
|
|
|
30.1 |
|
Cash flow from investing activities |
|
|
(14.6 |
) |
|
|
(20.9 |
) |
|
|
(8.8 |
) |
Cash flow from financing activities |
|
|
(19.4 |
) |
|
|
(13.7 |
) |
|
|
(18.6 |
) |
Currency
translation differences
relating to cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents |
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
(2.7 |
) |
|
|
2.5 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the
beginning of the year |
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
9.2 |
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at the
end of the year |
|
|
9.7 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
For Consolidated
Statement of Cash Flows
see page 116. |
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY
Shells financial position is robust, and we returned
$13.4 billion to our shareholders through dividends
and buybacks in 2007. The current financial market conditions are not expected
to have a material impact on the liquidity of Shell.
Cash and cash equivalents amounted to $9.7 billion at
the end of 2007 (2006: $9.0 billion). Total short and
long-term debt rose $2.3 billion in the year. Total
debt at the end of 2007 amounted to $18.1 billion. The
total debt outstanding (excluding leases) at December
31, 2007 will mature as follows: 40% in 2008, 9% in
2009, 15% in 2010, 9% in 2011 and 27% in 2012 and
beyond.
Shell believes its current working capital is
sufficient for its present requirements. Shell
currently satisfies its funding and working capital
requirements from the substantial cash generated
within its business and through issuance of external
debt. Our external debt is principally financed from
the international debt capital markets through two
commercial paper programmes (CP programmes), a euro
medium-term note programme (EMTN programme) and a US
universal shelf registration (US shelf registration),
each guaranteed by Royal Dutch Shell plc.
The central debt programmes and facilities now consist of:
|
|
a $10 billion global CP programme, exempt from registration under section 3(a)(3) of the U.S.
Securities Act 1933, which funds current transactions, with maturities not exceeding 270 days; |
|
|
a $10 billion CP programme, exempt from registration under section 4(2) of the U.S. Securities Act
1933, which can be used to finance non-current transactions. The maximum maturity of commercial
paper issued under the programme is limited to 397 days; |
|
|
a $15 billion EMTN programme; and |
|
|
a $10 billion US shelf registration. |
Under the debt programmes mentioned above, Shell made
the following issuances: in 2007, $4.3 billion of new
term debt was issued with maturities ranging from 3
years to 10 years, more than offsetting some $2 billion
of maturing term debt. Term debt issuance included a
5-year $500 million and a 10-year $750 million issuance
from the US shelf registration and some $3 billion
issued from the EMTN programme, including a 1.5
billion 10-year issue. All CP, EMTN and US shelf
issuance was undertaken by Shell International Finance
B.V. (SIF BV), and guaranteed by Royal Dutch Shell plc.
Fuller disclosure on debt issued including maturity
profile and fixed/floating rate characteristics is
included in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. Certain joint venture operations and
subsidiary undertakings with minority interests are
separately financed.
Shell currently maintains $2.5 billion of committed
bank facilities, as well as internally available
liquidity, primarily to provide back-up coverage for
commercial paper maturing within 30 days. Aside from
this facility and certain borrowing in local
subsidiaries, Shell does not have committed bank
facilities as this is not considered to be a necessary
or cost-effective form of financing for Shell given
its size, credit rating and cash-generative nature.
The maturity profile of Shells outstanding commercial
paper is actively managed to ensure that the amount of
commercial paper maturing within 30 days remains
consistent with the level of supporting liquidity. The
committed facilities, which are with a number of
international
banks, will expire in 2012. Shell
expects to be able to renew or increase these
facilities on commercially acceptable terms.
While Shell is subject to restrictions (such as
foreign withholding taxes), on the ability of
subsidiaries to transfer funds in the form of cash
dividends, loans or advances, such restrictions are
not expected to have a material impact on the ability
of Shell to meet its cash obligations.
The following table sets forth the consolidated
unaudited Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges of
Royal Dutch Shell for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges |
|
|
21.43 |
|
|
|
19.99 |
|
|
|
23.33 |
|
|
|
19.17 |
|
|
For the purposes of this table, earnings consist of
pre-tax income from continuing operations before
adjustment for minority interest and share of profit
from equity-accounted investments plus fixed charges
(excluding capitalised interest) less undistributed
earnings of equity-accounted investments, plus
distributed income from equity-accounted investments.
Fixed charges consist of expensed and capitalised
interest plus interest within rental expenses (for
operating leases) plus preference security dividend
requirements of consolidated subsidiaries.
Please refer to Exhibit 7.1 for details concerning
the calculation of the Ratio of Earnings to Fixed
Charges.
CREDIT RATINGS
On October 1, 2007, Moodys Investors Services
(Moodys) affirmed the Aa1 long-term issuer rating of
Royal Dutch Shell plc with stable outlook, as well as
the guaranteed programmes/outstanding debt securities
of its issuance subsidiary SIF BV. On October 8, 2007,
Standard & Poors Ratings Services (S&P) revised its
outlook on Royal Dutch Shell plc and its related
subsidiaries to positive from stable and reaffirmed the
AA long-term corporate credit rating. Short-term
credit ratings of the commercial paper programmes
remain unchanged at Prime-1 and A-1+ from Moodys
and S&P respectively.
All central debt programmes and facilities continue to
operate under the guarantee of Royal Dutch Shell plc,
with all debt issuance in 2007 undertaken by SIF BV.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND DIVIDENDS
After servicing outstanding debt, Shells first
priority for applying its cash is payment of the
dividend. Up to and including the fourth quarter 2006
interim dividend, the dividend was declared in euro,
and per share increases in dividends were grown at
least in line with European inflation over time. On
February 1, 2007, Shell announced that, effective from
the first quarter 2007, dividends would be declared in
US dollars.
Royal Dutch Shells dividend policy of growing the
dividend at least in line with inflation over a number
of years has not changed. The inflation level will be
based on inflation levels in global, developed,
economies. Dividend growth in the future will be
measured in US dollars.
Shells capital expenditure, exploration expense and
new investments in equity-accounted investments
increased by $2.2 billion to $27.1 billion in 2007.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 63
OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL
RESOURCES
Exploration & Production expenditures of $15.9 billion
(2006: $17.1 billion; 2005: $11.8 billion) accounted
for more than half the total capital investment. Gas &
Power accounted for $3.5 billion (2006: $2.4 billion;
2005: $1.7 billion). Oil Sands accounted for $1.9
billion (2006: $0.9 billion; 2005: $0.3 billion). Oil
Products investment amounted to $3.9 billion (2006:
$3.5 billion; 2005: $2.8 billion). Chemicals
investment was $1.4 billion (2006: $0.9 billion; 2005:
$0.6 billion). Investment in Corporate was $0.4
billion (2006: $0.3 billion; 2005: $0.3 billion).
After dividends and capital investment, the priority
for cash generated is to maintain a strong and
flexible balance sheet. Both the medium and long-term
focus will remain on improving the underlying
operational performance in order to continue to
deliver consistently strong cash flows.
Share buyback plans will be reviewed periodically, and
are subject to market conditions and the capital
requirements of the company. A resolution will be
submitted to the 2008 AGM to seek shareholder approval
for the company to make such market purchases of its
ordinary shares, together with an explanation that
shares so repurchased may, at the companys
discretion, be either held in treasury or cancelled.
As at March 31, 2007, Royal Dutch Shell, through its
affiliates, had acquired the remaining shares of
Shell Canada, not already owned by Shell, at a total
cost of some $7.1 billion. As from the second
quarter 2007, Royal Dutch Shells Consolidated
Financial Statements include the fully consolidated
results of Shell Canada with no minority interest
impact.
On April 18, 2007, Royal Dutch Shell completed the
divestment to OAO Gazprom of 50% of its stake in the
Sakhalin II project in Russia. Royal Dutch Shell
reduced its stake in the project from 55% to 27.5% for
a total sale price of $4.1 billion. Royal Dutch
Shells Consolidated Financial Statements from the
second quarter of 2007 include Sakhalin II on an
equity-accounted basis, rather than as a subsidiary
(see Summary of results, page 17).
GUARANTEES AND OTHER OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Guarantees at December 31, 2007, were $1.9 billion
(2006: $2.8 billion). At December 31, 2007, $0.6
billion were guarantees of debt of equity-accounted
investments (2006: $2.0 billion), $ nil (2006: $0.1
billion) were guarantees for customs duties and $1.3
billion (2006: $0.7 billion) were other guarantees.
Shell manages its business to deliver strong cash flows
to fund investment and growth based on cautious
assumptions relating to crude oil prices.
SHARE REPURCHASES
During 2007, Royal Dutch Shell purchased approximately
112 million shares of its common stock for cancellation
at a gross cost of $4.4 billion. These purchases
reduced the number of shares outstanding.
Shares outstanding were reduced by 1.7% in 2007 and by
7.3% in total since the commencement of share
repurchases following the Unification into Royal Dutch
Shell and successful completion of the Royal Dutch
minority tender (August 2005).
The table provides an overview of the share repurchases
that occurred in 2007 and the first two months of 2008.
Only Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares have been
repurchased. Although the transactions were executed in
different currencies depending on the exchange used,
all purchases have been converted to the dollar
functional currency of Royal Dutch Shell (based on the
daily exchange rate). The table omits certain Royal
Dutch Shell Class A and B shares that were repurchased
by ESOP Trusts and trustlike entities holding the
shares pending delivery under share plans and not held
as treasury shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
|
|
volume |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
number of |
|
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
shares |
|
|
number |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
purchased as |
|
|
of shares that |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
part of publicly |
|
|
may yet be |
|
|
|
Total number |
|
|
Average |
|
|
announced |
|
|
purchased under |
|
|
|
of shares |
|
|
price paid |
|
|
plans or |
|
|
the plans or |
|
Purchase period |
|
purchased |
[A] |
|
per share |
[B] |
|
programmes |
|
|
programmes |
[C] |
January |
|
|
13,760,000 |
|
|
$ |
34.11 |
|
|
|
13,760,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
460,000 |
|
|
$ |
36.29 |
|
|
|
460,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
March |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
April |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May |
|
|
10,960,000 |
|
|
$ |
36.39 |
|
|
|
10,960,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
June |
|
|
12,757,000 |
|
|
$ |
39.16 |
|
|
|
12,757,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
July |
|
|
11,135,000 |
|
|
$ |
41.67 |
|
|
|
11,135,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
August |
|
|
13,323,000 |
|
|
$ |
37.36 |
|
|
|
13,323,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
September |
|
|
12,150,000 |
|
|
$ |
41.30 |
|
|
|
12,150,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
October |
|
|
14,880,000 |
|
|
$ |
41.95 |
|
|
|
14,880,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
November |
|
|
14,423,000 |
|
|
$ |
41.48 |
|
|
|
14,423,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
|
8,427,000 |
|
|
$ |
40.67 |
|
|
|
8,427,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 total |
|
|
112,275,000 |
|
|
$ |
39.31 |
|
|
|
112,275,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
12,195,000 |
|
|
$ |
38.87 |
|
|
|
12,195,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
9,085,000 |
|
|
$ |
35.39 |
|
|
|
9,085,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 total[D] |
|
|
21,280,000 |
|
|
$ |
37.38 |
|
|
|
21,280,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
All shares purchased were open market transactions. |
[B] |
|
Average price paid per share includes stamp duty and brokers commission. |
[C] |
|
At the AGM on May 16, 2006, authorisation was
given to repurchase 667 million ordinary shares in the
period until the next AGM. At the AGM on May 15, 2007,
authorisation was given to repurchase up to 644
million ordinary shares in the period until the next
AGM, or until August 14, 2008. This authorisation is
reviewed annually at the AGM. |
[D] |
|
As at February 26, 2008. |
64 Royal Dutch Shell plc
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The table below summarises Shell companies
principal contractual obligations at December 31,
2007, by expected settlement period. The amounts
presented have not been offset by any committed
third party revenues in relation to these
obligations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ billion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Within |
|
|
2/3 years |
|
|
4/5 years |
|
|
5 years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year |
|
|
(2009/ |
|
|
(2011/ |
|
|
(2013 |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
(2008) |
|
|
2010) |
|
|
2012) |
|
|
and after) |
|
Debt[A] |
|
|
14.1 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
Finance leases[B] |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
4.6 |
|
|
Operating leases[C] |
|
|
17.1 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
4.4 |
|
|
Purchase obligations[D] |
|
|
375.9 |
|
|
|
135.2 |
|
|
|
66.1 |
|
|
|
49.4 |
|
|
|
125.2 |
|
|
Other
long-term contractual
liabilities[E] |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
414.4 |
|
|
|
145.0 |
|
|
|
76.2 |
|
|
|
55.7 |
|
|
|
137.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Excludes $4.0 billion of finance lease obligations.
See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
[B] |
|
Includes interest. See Note 19[C] to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. |
[C] |
|
See Note 19[C] to the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
[D] |
|
Includes any agreement to purchase goods and
services that is enforceable, legally binding and
specifies all significant terms, including: fixed or
minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or
variable price provisions; and the approximate timing
of the purchase. Raw materials and finished products
account for 92% of total purchase obligations. |
[E] |
|
Includes all obligations included in Other
Non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance
Sheet that are contractually fixed as to timing and
amount. In addition to these amounts, Shell has certain
obligations that are not contractually fixed as to
timing and amount, including contributions to defined
benefit pension plans estimated to be $0.9 billion in
2008 (see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) and obligations associated with asset
retirements (see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). |
The table above excludes interest expense related to
debt estimated to be $0.7 billion in 2008, $0.7 billion
in 2009/2010, $0.4 billion in 2011/2012 and $0.1
billion in 2013 and after (assuming interest rates with
respect to variable interest rate debt remain constant
and there is no change in aggregate principal amount of
debt other than repayment at scheduled maturity as
reflected in the table).
FINANCIAL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
DIVIDEND ACCESS TRUST
The results of operations and financial position of
the Dividend Access Trust are included in the
consolidated results of operations and financial
position of Royal Dutch Shell. Set out below is
certain condensed financial information in respect of
the Dividend Access Trust.
Separate Financial Statements for the Dividend
Access Trust are also included in this Report.
For the years 2007, 2006 and the period May 19, 2005,
to December 31, 2005, the Dividend Access Trust
recorded income before tax of £1,930 million, £1,837
million and £869 million respectively. In each period
this reflected the amount of dividends received on the
dividend access share less immaterial finance costs
attributable to foreign exchange differences.
At December 31, 2007, the Dividend Access Trust had
total equity of £ nil (2006: £ nil; 2005: £ nil),
reflecting cash of £444,639 (2006: £27,465; 2005: £
nil)), less unclaimed dividends of £444,639 (2006:
£27,465; 2005: £ nil). The Dividend Access Trust only
records a liability for an unclaimed dividend, and a
corresponding amount of cash, to the extent that
cheques expire, which is one year after their issuance,
or to the extent that they are returned unpresented.
The movements in cash and cash equivalents of the
Dividend Access Trust consist primarily of dividends
received of £1,930 million in 2007 (2006: £1,837
million; 2005: £869 million) and distributions made on
behalf of Shell to shareholders of £1,930 million in
2007 (2006: £1,837 million; 2005: £869 million) and
changes in net working capital (£ nil). See
Supplementary Information Control of registrant
(unaudited) Rights attaching to shares for an
explanation of the Dividend Access Trust.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 65
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Our people
INTRODUCTION
Shell employs 104,000 people in over 110 countries
and territories worldwide. Our people are central to
the delivery of the Shell business strategy of More
Upstream, Profitable Downstream. In 2007, we
continued to advance our people strategy, which
focuses mainly on recruiting, developing skills and
improving employee performance.
DEVELOPING OUR PEOPLE
In 2007, we achieved high levels of professional
development, in line with the increased recruitment
of graduates and experienced hires in 2006 and 2007.
Other factors contributing to the increased focus on
professional development included the changing
demographics of staff, particularly in Europe and the
USA; our drive for excellence in technology; and
increasing industry demand for compliance and
assurance of skills development.
The Shell Project Academy and Commercial Academy
continue to accelerate the development of project
management and commercial skills. Around 1,500 people
attended Project Academy-related activities during
2007, with nearly 1,000 attending Commercial Academy
learning events.
Blended learning, which offers employees a
combination of workplace assignments, traditional
classroom events, e-learning and informal coaching is
becoming a Shell standard for delivering development
programmes. These programmes are available through
the Shell Open University portal for employees,
increasingly our main resource for formal learning.
RESOURCING FOR THE FUTURE
Recruiting, developing and deploying highly skilled
people remain essential to our business. In 2007, we
recruited nearly 5,000 people worldwide. This
comprised 1,150 graduates and 3,780 experienced
professionals over half from technical disciplines
and from more than 95 countries. We maintained our
reputation as the energy employer of choice in key
target markets, in particular in India, China, the
Netherlands, UK, Malaysia and the USA as confirmed by
independent surveys, such as that conducted by
Universum Incorporated.
Our focus continued to be on recruiting talent where we
aim to grow our business. We hired more graduates and
experienced professionals in Asia than in any other
region in 2007. We also demonstrated that we can
recruit in challenging regions like the Middle East and
Nigeria, where demand exceeds supply. For our Nigerian
business, we recruited nearly 200 graduates and 300
experienced professionals, both from within the country
and by attracting Nigerians working abroad.
We continue to strengthen diversity through
recruitment. Women make up 31% of all our professional
hires, and 20% of recruits for technical roles, and we
aim to continuously improve these rates. The range of
nationalities in our senior ranks is also growing.
In addition to building local talent, our ability to
deploy people quickly to major projects around the
world remains one of our strengths.
COMMUNICATION AND INVOLVEMENT
We involve our people in the planning and direction of
their work, drawing on a wide range of communication
methods. These include regular letters to staff from
the Chief Executive on business performance and global
priorities, published on our employee intranet.
We also have targeted webcasts, briefings,
publications and face-to-face engagement sessions on
specific business activities. We encourage safe and
confidential reporting of feedback and concerns about
our processes and practices. Our global telephone
helpline and website, which have been in place since
2005, enable employees to report breaches of our Code
of Conduct and the Shell General Business Principles,
confidentially and anonymously.
The biennial Shell People Survey provides valuable
insights into employees views about working for the
company. Action plans to address concerns and to
further enhance employee engagement across Shell are in
place. From 2008, the survey will be conducted annually
and earlier in the year to enable results to be taken
into account in business planning for each year.
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION
Shell has a long-standing commitment to the integration
of diversity and inclusion into our operations and
culture. Our intention is to provide equal opportunity
in recruitment, career development, promotion, training
and reward for all employees, including those with
disabilities.
By the end of 2007, the proportion of women in senior
leadership positions had risen to 12.9%, compared to
11.6% in 2006. In 33% of countries, local nationals
filled more than half the senior leadership
positions, compared to 25% in 2006.
In 2006, the Shell People Survey showed that 64% of
employees perceived workplace inclusion as
favourable. Much work was done in 2007 to address
areas for improvement such as a review of flexible
working options and childcare provisions, as well as
the expansion of existing training programmes to promote
inclusion.
66 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMPLOYEES BY SEGMENT (average numbers) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousands |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMPLOYEES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA (average numbers) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousands |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
UK |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
Others |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
Total
Europe |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
Other Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
USA |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
Other Western Hemisphere |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
Total
Worldwide |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMPLOYEE EMOLUMENTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003[A] |
|
Remuneration |
|
|
10,021 |
|
|
|
8,827 |
|
|
|
8,286 |
|
|
|
8,037 |
|
|
|
7,477 |
|
Social law taxes |
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
Retirement benefits |
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
|
768 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
589 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
[B] |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
11,562 |
|
|
|
10,744 |
|
|
|
10,111 |
|
|
|
9,795 |
|
|
|
8,675 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
In connection with the adoption of IFRS as of January 1, 2004, an entity in Europe that had
previously been accounted for as a Shell company on a proportionate basis, has instead been
accounted for as an equity-accounted investment. As a result of this change, information for this
entity is included above for 2003, but beginning on January 1, 2004 information for this entity is
no longer included. |
[B] |
|
Until December 31, 2004 the intrinsic value method was applied under US GAAP and this required
no recognition of compensation expense for the existing plans. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 67
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Environment and society
INTRODUCTION
We recognise that our continuing business success
depends on finding environmentally and socially
responsible ways to help meet the worlds growing
energy needs. Managing todays business risks,
delivering our strategy and achieving our goals all
critically require maintaining the trust of a wide
range of stakeholders. To keep their trust, we must do
many things, including: behaving with integrity at all
times, in line with the Shell General Business
Principles (Business Principles) and Code of Conduct
(Code); operating our facilities safely; being a good
neighbour; contributing to development in the
societies where we operate; and helping to find
effective solutions to the problem of growing carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this section we
discuss our overall approach to managing environmental and social impacts, how we
are addressing our main risks and opportunities and our
performance in this area in 2007.
OUR APPROACH TO MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
We take a systematic approach to managing
environmental and social impacts as part of the Shell
Control Framework, through a combination of
company-wide standards and processes, controls,
incentives and our governance. In 2007, we took
additional steps to clarify what we expect from staff
to increase their skills, and to tighten further our
checks that these expectations are being met.
STANDARDS AND PROCESSES
Our Business Principles include our commitment to
contribute to sustainable development. This involves
providing economically, socially and environmentally
responsible energy and requires balancing short-term
and long-term interests and integrating economic,
environmental and social considerations into business
decision-making. It includes reducing environmental
impacts from our operations and products, being a good
neighbour by enhancing benefits to the local
communities where we operate, and maintaining regular
dialogue with stakeholders. All companies and joint
ventures we control must apply the Business Principles,
our Code, launched in 2006, and the rest of the Shell
Control Framework, although in practice we may agree
that a joint venture operates to materially equivalent
principles and standards.
Our Business Principles and Code require compliance
with all applicable laws and support for human rights.
They forbid, among other things, bribery, fraud and
anti-competitive behaviour. Companies and joint
ventures we control must also apply Shell-wide
environmental and social standards. These include our
company-wide Health, Safety, Security and Environment
(HSSE) standards which require the systematic
management of HSSE and set Shell-wide requirements in
areas including greenhouse gas management, road and
process safety, animal testing, biodiversity,
environmental management, health management, security
and ship quality. We require contractors to manage HSSE
in line with our standards and expect them to follow
our Business Principles or an equivalent standard when
working for us, including these expectations in our
contract terms and conditions. We also encourage
suppliers and joint ventures we do not control to adopt
and follow materially equivalent principles and HSSE
standards. If these contractors, suppliers and ventures
cannot meet our expectations within a reasonable
period, we are required to review the relationship.
This can involve actions up to and including ending the
relationship.
Our Business Principles and standards are reflected
in our business processes. For example, they are
included in the criteria used to assess investment
proposals and in the planning and design of major
new projects. All major new investments must include
the expected future costs of emitting CO2
in their project design and decision-making. We require an integrated environmental, health and social
impact assessment to be carried out before we begin
significant work on a project or at an existing
facility. The actions identified must be part of the
projects design and operation. All our major refining
and chemicals facilities, and upstream operations where
social impacts could be high, must also have social
performance plans in line with Shell guidance. These
plans spell out how the operation will manage its
social impacts and generate benefits for the local
community. Shells social performance specialists
review these plans every three years at our refineries
and chemical plants.
CONTROLS AND INCENTIVES
Following our environmental and social standards is
part of the duties of line managers, with challenge and
support provided by HSSE, social performance, human
resources and finance specialists. Each Shell business
is responsible for complying with our requirements and
achieving its specific targets in this area. We monitor
compliance through an annual assurance letter process,
internal audits and performance appraisals. The
assurance letter process requires the heads of our
businesses and functions to report to the Chief
Executive on compliance with our Business Principles
and standards. Shell Internal Audit investigates fraud,
compliance and other control incidents. Ethical and
legal incidents are reported to the Executive Committee
and to the Audit Committee. Sustainable development
performance is part of Shell-wide appraisal and
compensation, as it comprises 20% of the Shell
Scorecard.
GOVERNANCE
The Chief Executive counts sustainable development
among his responsibilities. He chairs Shells
Sustainable Development and HSSE Executive, which
sets standards, priorities, key performance
indicators (KPIs) and targets and reviews
performance.
Our HSSE function, central Social Performance
Management Unit and issues management staff provide
challenge and support to our businesses to develop the
necessary skills, share lessons learned and deal with
issues in a consistent way. The Social Responsibility
Committee is one of four committees of the Royal Dutch
Shell plc Board. It reviews our policies and
performance with respect to our Business Principles,
Code, HSSE standards, and other relevant environmental
and social standards, and major issues of public
concern. It comprises three Non-executive Directors,
including its chair, Wim Kok.
We systematically assess and prioritise the many
environmental and social risks and opportunities we
face, using our risk and issues management
processes. We describe the way we manage the most
significant ones below.
OPERATING OUR FACILITIES SAFELY
We are committed to preventing incidents such as
spills, fires and accidents that place our people,
the environment and our facilities at risk. We are
investing to keep our facilities safe and we are
working hard to strengthen our safety culture further.
We require that all Shell
68 Royal Dutch Shell plc
companies, contractors and the joint ventures we control operate in
line with our HSSE standards. This means managing HSSE risks in a systematic way, including
having each site understand all major risks and be able to show, through regular audits, that
they are managing them to a level as low as reasonably practicable. It also involves
having major facilities certified to international environmental standards, such as ISO14001,
and having emergency response plans in place and regularly tested that minimise damage in
the event of an incident. In 2007, we clarified, simplified and tightened our requirements
further, introducing new process safety and road safety standards to make it easier to
understand the requirements and check they are being implemented.
We investigate serious incidents and near misses, and
share the lessons we learn with other parts of our
business and other companies in our industry to help
prevent similar incidents happening again. We know that
processes and systems must be translated into safe
behaviour. In 2007, we launched Goal Zero which aims
to achieve zero fatalities, zero accidents and zero
significant incidents. We held two company-wide safety
days inviting our main contractors to participate
to recognise the importance of safe behaviour; and we
launched the Chief Executives HSSE awards to reward
and share examples of excellent safety performance. Our
award-winning Hearts and Minds programme, introduced in
2004, continues to drive home the need for every
employee to stop unsafe behaviour when they spot it in
line with the three easy-to remember prompts of our
HSSE Golden Rules: comply, intervene, respect. We
continue to check that staff responsible for tasks with
a significant HSSE risk have the necessary training and
skills.
CLIMATE CHANGE
We were one of the first energy companies to
acknowledge the threat of climate change, to call for
action, and to take action ourselves. In 1998, we set
ourselves voluntary targets for reducing greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions from our operations. Our current target
requires our GHG emissions in 2010 to be 5% below 1990
levels, while growing our business, mainly through our
efforts to end continuous flaring of natural gas and by
improving the energy efficiency of our facilities.
In addition to managing the emissions from our
operations, we are also providing products and advice
that help customers use energy more efficiently and
reduce their emissions. We continued to be a major
supplier of lower-carbon natural gas. In 2007, we
increased the availability of Fuel Economy formula
an additive and cleaning agent package that can help
improve drivers fuel efficiency by reducing energy
loss in engines. The formula is included in main grade
Shell petrol in 12 countries. It is in main grade Shell
diesel in nine of these, where we also launched the
Shell Fuel Save Energy Challenge in 2007, a driver
awareness campaign to promote fuel saving driving
habits and the use of Fuel Economy formula fuels.
As a major buyer and distributor of first-generation
biofuels, we are working to help develop industry-wide
sustainability standards for biofuel production.
Clauses in our supplier contracts require that their
production not be linked to human rights abuses or
recent clearing of important habitats. To check
compliance, we have appointed a dedicated biofuel
sustainability officer and team.
We are also investing to build a commercially material
business in at least one alternative energy
technology. In 2007, we further strengthened our
position in second-generation transport biofuels by
quadrupling our rate of investment, moving it into our
mainstream business and adding projects with Codexis
(faster enzymes) and HR Biopetroleum (fuel from algae)
to our existing partnerships with Iogen (cellulosic
ethanol) and CHOREN (biodiesel from waste wood). Our
partnership continued with glassmaker St Gobain to
develop advanced solar power technology and we
remained a major wind power developer. Construction
continues on the first phase of the Mount Storm wind
project in the USA, which has a capacity of 164 MW
(Shell share 82 MW). In late 2007, a final investment
decision was made to expand this project by a further
100 MW.
We see potential business opportunities and competitive advantage from
providing cost-effective solutions for CO2, including its capture and
underground storage on a large scale. We continue to
build our technical capability in this area. We are already
supplying captured waste CO2 from the Pernis
refinery in the Netherlands to greenhouses and doing
feasibility studies for potential projects to drive
down costs and demonstrate the safety of capturing and storing
CO2 emitted from fossil fuels for
example, as part of the ZeroGen low CO2
power project development in Australia.
We have stepped up our efforts to actively inform and
support governments in their efforts to develop an
international policy framework for responding to
climate change that encourages the technology
development and investments required without distorting
international competition. This involves sharing our
insights into the energy system and technology
development, for example through our own strategic
energy scenarios. It also includes helping building the
coalitions between companies, the public sector and
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that will be
needed. We actively promote the use of emission trading
systems for heavy industry and the power sector, in
which governments set absolute limits on the amount of
GHGs the industry can release, coupled with incentives
to speed up the demonstration and deployment of
technologies to capture and store CO2
underground.
For the transport sector, we are appealing to
governments to introduce fuel standards that compare
all fuels on a standard wells-to-wheels basis, and
reward those with a lower CO2 impact and
that also have the best chance of becoming cost competitive.
SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Our company-wide security standards define how we
protect our people and assets, while respecting the
rights of others, including local communities. For
example, armed security is only permitted when
required by law or where there is no other acceptable
way to manage the risks. The standards set strict
guidelines on the use of force.
We strengthened our security standards in 2007. They
now require all operations to manage their security
risks in the same way, based on a standard risk
assessment, which must be reviewed annually. The
assessment covers a number of items highlighted in the
Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights,
which were developed by NGOs, governments and companies
working in extractive industries like oil and gas and
minerals mining. For example, it requires background
checks on security staff, to make sure they have no
past record of human rights abuse, and checks that they
have been trained in using the Voluntary Principles. We
now require all of our approximately
Royal Dutch Shell plc 69
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY
300 security staff worldwide to follow a standard
training programme that checks they have the necessary
skills. We have strengthened the requirements that must
be included in our contracts with private security
companies, referencing the Voluntary Principles and
being clearer about our need for contractors to
investigate accusations of human rights violations
promptly and take disciplinary action. We now also use
the Voluntary Principles when working with government
security forces.
BEHAVING WITH INTEGRITY
Integrity is one of our three core values and a
cornerstone of our Business Principles. We translate
this value into action with a clear and simple policy:
zero tolerance for bribes and fraud.
To help us follow this policy, employees are
provided with online and face-to-face training in key areas, including
bribery and corruption.
We also train staff to help them understand what the
Code of Conduct requires of them. In the first half of
2007, we rolled-out mandatory online training across
the company, to help employees put our Business
Principles into practice. We have a global helpline and
website for staff and business partners to report
concerns confidentially and get advice on any suspected
infringements of the law or our Business Principles. It
is managed by a third party and is available 24 hours a
day. Since its introduction in 2005, the helpline has
become the channel for nearly 40% of all incidents
reported. Staff make line management or human resources
departments aware directly of more than 60%.
Cases of bribery and fraud are reported to the Audit
Committee of the Board. In 2007, 112 violations were
reported. As a result, we ended our relationship with
151 staff and contractors.
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES
We face a range of other environmental and social
issues, including but not limited to:
OPERATING IN ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
We recognise the importance of protecting
biodiversity. We were the first energy company to
adopt a Biodiversity Standard. We have committed to
not exploring or drilling for oil or gas in certain
ecologically sensitive locations (natural World
Heritage sites), and to following strict operating
practices, including having biodiversity action
plans, when operating in others (World Conservation
Union Category I-IV protected areas). Biodiversity
checks are also required as part of project impact
assessments, so that risks are identified and
addressed at an early stage. We work with more than
100 scientific and conservation organisations to
reduce biodiversity impacts around our projects and
to support conservation. We have also signed
strategic partnerships with the World Conservation
Union (IUCN) and Wetlands International.
OUR NEIGHBOURS AND CONTRIBUTING TO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
We are committed to being a good neighbour, which
means not only running our facilities cleanly and
safely but working in partnership with local people to
help them benefit from our activities, as well as
supporting wider development in the country.
We have a structured company-wide approach to working
with our neighbours, based on social performance plans.
Social performance plans are in place at all our major
manufacturing sites and chemicals facilities, and at
all our upstream operations where social impacts could
be high. Central and business-level social performance
advisers provide expertise and share good practice
across our sites.
We promote the use of local contractors and suppliers
and encourage the local contractors we work with to
hire and train more local staff. We also sponsor
social investment programmes in many countries
throughout the world. In the UK, for example, we
donated $26 million to charitable causes in 2007. We
work closely, wherever we can, with development
experts and the local communities involved. But our
biggest economic contribution to the countries where
we operate comes from the taxes and royalties we pay.
Governments decide how, and where these revenues are
spent. We actively encourage them to use these funds
wisely and transparently, to bring development and
reduce poverty. We continue to strongly support the
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, which
seeks to have energy and mining companies publish the
payments they make to governments. We try to set an
example through our social investment and local
contracting, as well as by enforcing our policy of
zero tolerance for bribes and fraud.
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND DECOMMISSIONING COSTS
Shell operates in more than 110 countries and
territories and are subject to a variety of
environmental laws, regulations and reporting
requirements. The costs of avoiding emissions into the
air and water and the safe disposal and handling of
waste from our operations are part of our business and
are included in operating expenses. Such estimated
costs incurred in 2007 by subsidiaries were
approximately $1.3 billion (2006: $1.5 billion).
Capital spending to limit or monitor hazardous
substances or releases covers both measures at existing
plants and features incorporated into new plants. Some
of this spending is readily identifiable; the remainder
is reasonably estimated using technical and financial
judgements. On this basis, environmental capital
spending in Shell companies with major programmes in
2007 were approximately $0.6 billion (2006: $1.0
billion).
The effect of this necessary investment in existing
facilities on the future earnings of Shell is not
predictable. Factors affecting our earnings include our
ability to recover costs from consumers and through
financial incentives offered by governments. However,
it is expected that there will be no material impact on
Shells total earnings in the long term. These risks
are comparable to those faced by other companies in
similar businesses.
At the end of 2007, the total liabilities being carried
for environmental clean-up were $1,212 million (2006:
$967 million). In 2007, there were payments of $200
million and increases in provisions of $385 million.
The estimated present value of the obligations being
carried for spending on decommissioning and site
restoration including oil and gas platforms, at
December 31, 2007, amounted to $11,226 million (2006:
$8,317 million).
70 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Reporting environmental and social data differs from
financial data in a number of important ways. There are
inherent limitations to the accuracy, precision and
completeness of environmental and social data. These
limitations stem from the nature of the data. Certain
parameters rely on human behaviour and are affected by
culture and personal perception. Other parameters rely
on complex measurements that require constant tuning.
Still others rely on estimation and modelling. We
accept that our published environmental and social data
will be affected by these inherent limitations. We
continue to improve data integrity by strengthening
internal controls.
Safety and environmental data are collected from
operations we control (meaning those operations for
which we can require the Shell Control Framework to be
applied) and certain companies to which we provide
operational services. Data is reported on a 100% basis
regardless of our equity share in the company. Data
from companies that were disposed of or acquired during
the year is included only for the period that we had
control. In some cases, data for companies where
control changed hands during the year, for example the
Sakhalin II project, is included for the entire year in
2007, to allow consistent comparison of performance
trends at a company level. We include only data and
events, like safety incidents, that have been confirmed
by internal investigations by the time of publication.
These investigations can take several months to
complete, particularly where the security situation in
an area makes access difficult. If incidents are
confirmed after publication, the data for the year is
restated in the next years publication.
We set internal improvement targets for our key safety
and environmental parameters and have set public
targets for energy efficiency in our chemicals plants, for eliminating
the disposal of gas by continuous flaring and for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions from our operations.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 71
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY
Environmental data
In 2007, we
continued to work towards meeting the voluntary target we set ourselves in 1998:
to reduce CO2 emissions from our operations by at
least 5% compared to 1990, despite growing our business.
Our biggest reductions since 1998 have come from
phasing out the continuous venting of natural gas at
oil production sites, and from the programme we
launched in 2001 to end the continuous flaring of
gas. Improvements in energy efficiency at our
refineries since 2002 have also helped.
In 2007, Shell operated facilities emitted 92 million tonnes of GHGs, (measured on a CO2 equivalent basis), about 6 million lower than the
previous year, and nearly 25% below 1990 levels.
Most of the reduction in 2007 was due to reduced
flaring in our Exploration & Production business,
largely because a number of normally high flaring wells
in Nigeria were shut down, in part because of Shell
Petroleum Development Companys strategy to reduce use
of high gas wells and in part because of violence.
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Petroleum Industry Guidelines
for Greenhouse Gas Estimation,
December 2003, (API, IPIECA, OGP)
indicate that uncertainty in
greenhouse gas measurements can be
significant depending on the methods
used. |
|
[B] |
|
Target and baseline adjusted to reflect portfolio changes. |
Since 2001, Exploration & Production has reduced its
natural gas flaring by nearly 60%, mainly through a
multi-billion dollar programme to end continuous gas
flaring by collecting gas from oil production
facilities and bringing it to market. In Nigeria alone,
which on average accounts for two-thirds of our
continuous flaring, the Shell operated joint venture in
the Niger Delta has invested around $3 billion in
equipment to capture and use gas formerly flared.
In 2007, total flaring in Exploration & Production
dropped again. Nearly 80% of the drop in 2007 came in
Nigeria, most of this from the closing down of
production wells with a high gas content in the Niger
Delta onshore, as a result of the security situation.
Violence continued to block access to all remaining
sites where gas-gathering equipment is needed in the
Niger Delta, causing further delays in ending
continuous flaring there. Outside of Nigeria we have
largely met our goal of ending continuous flaring by
2008. Only four sites we operate, representing about 0.25% of our total CO2 emissions,
were still continuously flaring at the end of 2007.
They will continue to do so because measures to end
flaring would have produced more GHGs at two sites,
collecting the gas was technically impossible at a
third, and because a small continuous flare is required
at the fourth to avoid releasing dangerous hydrogen
sulphide.
72 Royal Dutch Shell plc
ENERGY
INTENSITY EXPLORATION &
PRODUCTION
Across the industry, the energy needed to produce each
unit of oil or natural gas is rising fast as fields age
and more heavy and harder-to-reach oil is produced.
Shell is no exception. Our upstream energy intensity
has risen by nearly 30% since 2000. In response, we
launched a major energy efficiency programme in
Exploration & Production in 2007. It aims to put energy
management systems in place at our 42 major production
sites.
|
|
|
[A] |
|
2003-5 figures adjusted to
reflect the removal of oil sands
activities from Exploration &
Production data. |
ENERGY
INTENSITY OIL SANDS
In 2007, we made our minable Oil Sands activities in
Canada the mining and upgrading operations of the
Athabasca Oil Sands Project (Shell interest 60%) a
separate segment within our downstream business. It
was previously part of Exploration & Production. We
report the energy intensity of our Oil Sands
activities separately here for the first time, using
the same metric as for Exploration & Production:
energy used per tonne of oil equivalent (in the case
of Oil Sands upgraded synthetic crude oil) produced.
Exploration & Productions energy intensity data since
2003 have been adjusted to reflect the removal of Oil
Sands.
As the graph shows, producing petrol from oil sands
requires significantly more energy than producing it
from conventional oil. The Athabasca project has
focused on reducing energy use from the start. Energy
saving technologies like using lower temperature
water to wash the oil from the sand, and using highly
efficient cogeneration and heat integration with other
facilities were part of the design of the current
operation. Since full production began in 2003, the
search for operational improvements that continue to
improve energy efficiency have remained a priority. In
a critical assessment of the sustainability of oil
sands projects in early 2008, the Pembina Institute and
World Wildlife Fund acknowledged the leadership of the
current phase of the Athabasca project on energy
efficiency and other aspects of environmental
performance.
ENERGY
INTENSITY REFINERIES
We use the industry standard Solomon Associates Energy
Intensity Index (EII) to measure and rank the energy
efficiency of our refineries. Our refineries have
improved their energy efficiency by 2% since 2002.
These gains have come from operating our refineries
closer to full production capacity, running our
Energise energy efficiency programme and conducting
business improvement reviews (BIRs). Since 2002, our
Energise and BIR programmes have reduced our GHG
emissions by approximately 1.7 million tonnes a year
and saved us a combined $180 million annually at our
refineries and chemical plants. Over the past two years
these improvement trends have reversed, mainly because
we have had more shutdowns at refineries. Starting
plants up again requires substantial extra energy. We
are redoubling our efforts, increasing the importance
of energy efficiency in our BIRs and implementing our
three-year capital investment programme for energy
efficiency.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 73
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY
ENERGY
INTENSITY CHEMICAL PLANTS
In 2001, we set a target to achieve 10% improvement in
energy use at our chemical plants by 2007. Lacking a
standard way in the industry to measure this, we
devised our own: Shells Chemical Energy Index (CEI),
which compares the energy used to make a tonne of
product to a 2000 baseline of 100.
Our chemical plants have boosted efficiency by 9%
since 2001, mainly through operating our plants
closer to their full production capacity, having
fewer shutdowns, and running our Energise energy
efficiency programme at all major sites.
In 2007, our chemicals plants were not able to
further improve their performance, leaving them
slightly above their target. Improvements at some
sites were offset by unplanned shutdowns at several
others.
Since 1997, we have been reducing the amount of oil
and oil products spilled from our operations for
reasons we can control, like corrosion or operational
failures. Spills from sabotage or extreme weather,
like hurricanes, which are harder to prevent, have
fluctuated with events.
In 2007, there were no spills from hurricanes.
Controllable spill volumes from operations were lower
than in 2006. This was because of continuing
improvements in our downstream business, where we are
tracking minor leaks more carefully and fixing their
underlying causes earlier at our refineries and
chemical plants. Our distribution network continued to
implement its programme to proactively prevent spills
through focused inspection and maintenance of pipelines
and tanks at storage depots and through efforts to
prevent spills from delivery trucks, particularly in
Africa.
Our overall spill volumes were higher because spills
due to sabotage in Nigeria rose sharply in the areas
where we were able to operate, as crude oil thefts and
attacks by militants continued. At sites shut down by
the security situation, reliable information about
spills was not available pending our return to repair
the damage and restart operations.
74 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Social data
SAFETY
FATAL ACCIDENT RATE
Sadly two employees and 26 contractors lost their
lives in confirmed incidents at work in 2007, nine
fewer than in 2006.
The largest share of these fatalities occurred on the
road, where we have less oversight and safety depends
especially on the behaviour of individuals. Road
accidents accounted for more than 60% of the staff and
contractor lives lost in 2007, re-confirming the
importance of our push to improve road safety. A
further three lives were lost due to assaults in
Nigeria. Our fatal accident rate (number of fatalities
over 100 million working hours) continued to improve.
It has dropped by nearly two-thirds since 1997.
To help monitor our safety performance, we use a
standard safety measure total recordable case
frequency (TRCF). This is the number of injuries of
contractors and staff requiring medical treatment or
time off work, for every million hours worked. Our
injury rate has come down over time, improving
approximately 50% since 1998. In 2007, our TRCF
improved again and was better than our target. TRCF
remained the lead indicator in the Sustainable
Development section of our company-wide Scorecard;
underlining the importance we place on improving our
safety performance.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 75
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW
Share plans and other matters
SHARE-BASED PLANS AND TREASURY SHARES
There are a number of share-based plans for senior
staff and other employees of the Shell group. Following
the Unification, the underlying shares for the
continuing share-based plans are shares of Royal Dutch
Shell and awards and rights under the plans in
existence at the time of the Unification were converted
into awards and rights over Royal Dutch Shell shares.
In 2005, the share option plans were replaced with an
amended Long-term Incentive Plan. All awards and rights
over common shares of Shell Canada at the time of the
acquisition of the minority interest in Shell Canada
have been converted into awards and rights over Royal
Dutch Shell Class A shares. Details of the principal
plans, both old plans with continuing outstanding
awards and the Long-term Incentive Plan/Performance
Share Plan, are given below.
The options that were granted under the Shell group
share option plans were share options over shares of
Royal Dutch or Shell Transport (now converted into
options over shares of Royal Dutch Shell), at a price
not less than the fair market value of the shares at
the date the options were granted. This was calculated
as the average of the stock exchange opening and
closing prices over the five business days ending on
the date of grant, except for the US plans where the
grant price was the New York Stock Exchange closing
price on the date of grant. Options under the Shell
group option plans are generally exercisable three
years from grant, except for those granted under the
separate US plans that vest one-third per year for
three years. Share options lapse 10 years after grant;
however, leaving Shell employment may cause options to
lapse earlier.
Details of the shares under option at February 26,
2008, in connection with these plans are as follows:
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ROYAL DUTCH SHELL |
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Class A Shares |
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Class B Shares |
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Class A ADRs |
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Options outstanding |
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47,095,905 |
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27,270,527 |
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13,076,598 |
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Average price per share |
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26.20 |
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16.42 |
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$49.94 |
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Total price |
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1,233,756,867 |
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447,708,592 |
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$653,015,967 |
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Term |
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10/12/2007- |
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10/12/2007- |
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01/03/2010- |
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04/11/2014 |
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04/11/2014 |
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07/05/2014 |
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LONG-TERM
INCENTIVE PLAN AND PERFORMANCE SHARE PLAN
In July 2005, Royal Dutch Shell adopted an amended
Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP). When awards are made
under the LTIP other than to the Executive Directors
the plan is called the Performance Share Plan (PSP).
On the award date conditional awards are made of Royal
Dutch Shell shares. For the LTIP, the actual amount of
shares that may vest, which can be between 0 200%
of the conditional award, depends on the Total
Shareholder Return of Royal Dutch Shell versus four of
its main competitors over a three year performance
period. For the PSP awards made in 2005 and 2006, the
extent to which the awards vest depends on the Total
Shareholder Return (TSR) of Royal Dutch Shell compared
with four of its main competitors over a specific
measurement period. For the PSP awards made in 2007,
the extent to which the awards vest will be determined
by two performance conditions. The relative TSR
measure over the measurement period will be used (as
in previous years) to determine the vesting of half
the award and the other half of the award will be
linked to the declared Business Performance Factor
(Shell Scorecard
results). For the shares granted in 2007, the
measurement period is three years from January 1, 2007
(for the shares
granted in 2006, the measurement
period is three years from January 1, 2006). Awards
made in 2007 under the LTIP and PSP to individuals
employed in the Netherlands at the time of the award
will be cash-settled. None of the awards will result
in beneficial ownership until the shares are released.
The total number of outstanding shares of Royal
Dutch Shell conditionally awarded under these plans
as at February 26, 2008, is 17,434,487 (Class A)
8,817,901 (Class B) and 5,809,286 (Class A ADRs) of
which 965,757 (Class A), 524,567 (Class B) and
298,907 (Class A ADRs) relate to notional dividend
shares to date.
Under the restricted share plan, awards are made on a
highly selective basis to senior staff. Executive
Directors currently do not receive awards under the
restricted share plan. In 2005, the existing restricted
share plan was replaced with a new restricted share
plan consistent with amendment of the Long-term
Incentive Plan and Performance Share Plan. Shares are
awarded subject to a three-year restriction period. The
shares, together with additional shares equivalent to
the value of the dividends payable over the restriction
period, are released to the individual at the end of
the three-year period. The total number of outstanding
shares of Royal Dutch Shell under these plans as at
February 26, 2008, is 136,102 (Class A), 55,644 (Class
B) and 61,488 (Class A ADRs) of which 8,398 (Class A),
4,121 (Class B) and 3,264 (Class A ADRs) relate to
notional dividend shares to date.
Executive Directors participate in the Deferred Bonus
Plan and can elect to defer up to 50% of their annual
bonus for an award of Royal Dutch Shell shares
(deferred bonus shares), which is released after
three years. From 2006, Executive Directors are
required to defer 25% of their annual bonuses. Subject
to remaining in employment with the Shell group for
three years following the year in which the bonus was
earned, the participant may also be granted an
additional award of matching Royal Dutch Shell shares
(matching shares) equal to the number of deferred
bonus shares awarded together with Royal Dutch Shell
shares representing the value of dividends payable on
the deferred bonus shares. A maximum of four matching
shares will be awarded for every four deferred bonus
shares. Vesting of three out of every four matching
shares awarded to Executive Directors will be subject
to satisfaction of a performance target with the
remaining matching shares vesting over time.
The total number of outstanding shares (excluding
matching shares) of Royal Dutch Shell under these plans
as at February 26, 2008, is 256,747 (Class A), and
103,295 (Class B) and 25,761 (Class A ADRs) of which
8,390 (Class A) and 3,969 (Class B) and 406 (Class A
ADRs) relate to notional dividend shares to date.
GLOBAL
EMPLOYEE SHARE PURCHASE PLAN
This plan enables employees to make contributions,
which are applied quarterly, to purchase Royal Dutch
Shell Class A shares, at current market value
(previously employees could also purchase Class B and
Class A ADRs). If the acquired shares are retained in
the plan until the end of the twelve-month savings
cycle the employee receives an additional 15% share
allocation. In the USA, a variant of this plan is
operated, where the main difference is that the
purchase price is the lower of the market price on the
first or last trading day of the cycle, reduced by 15%.
Executive Directors are not eligible to participate in
the Global Employee Share Purchase Plan.
76 Royal Dutch Shell plc
At February 26, 2008, the number of shares of Royal
Dutch Shell
which were held in employee benefit trusts in
connection with this plan was 3,636,665 Class A,
929,993 Class B and 100,936 Class A ADRs.
Employees of participating companies in the UK may
participate in the UK Sharesave Scheme. Options are
granted over Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares at prices
not less than the market value on a date not normally
more than 30 days before the grant date of the option.
These options are normally exercisable after completion
of a three-year or five-year contractual savings
period.
At February 26, 2008, there were 2,164,761 issued and
outstanding Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares under
option to such employees pursuant to the rules of
those schemes at prices between £12.9466 and
£21.2100.
No issue of new shares has, in the past, been
involved under any of the plans or schemes mentioned
above.
Please refer to Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a further discussion of the principal
Shell group share plans.
KEY
ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
Please refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a discussion of key accounting
estimates and judgements.
Please refer to Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a discussion of legal proceedings.
Please refer to Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for a discussion of auditors fees and
services.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS
The Board of Royal Dutch Shell plc
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Jorma Ollila
RN Chairman |
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Lord Kerr of Kinlochard GCMG
RN Deputy Chairman
and Senior Independent
Non-executive Director |
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Jeroen van der Veer Chief Executive |
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Peter Voser Chief Financial Officer |
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Born August 15, 1950. A Finnish national,
appointed Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell as
from June 1, 2006. Previously he was Vice-President of International Operations of
Nokia in 1985. In 1986 he was appointed
Vice-President Finance of Nokia and served
between 1990 and 1992 as President of
Nokia Mobile Phones. Between 1992 and
1999 he was President and Chief Executive
Officer of Nokia and from 1999 to June 1,
2006 he has been Chief Executive Officer of
Nokia. Prior to joining Nokia, he started his
career in banking at Citibank in London and
Helsinki. Currently he is Chairman of the
Board of Nokia, a Non-executive Director of
Ford Motor Company, and Vice Chairman
of UPM-Kymmene Corporation and Otava
books and magazines Ltd.
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Born February 22, 1942. A British
national, appointed a Non-executive
Director of Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. He was a Non-executive
Director of Shell Transport from 2002
to 2005. A member of the UK
Diplomatic Service from 1966 to 2002,
he was UK Permanent Representative to
the EU, British Ambassador to the
USA, and
Foreign Office Permanent Under
Secretary
of State. He was Secretary-General of
the
European Convention (2002-2003), and
in
2004 became an independent member of
the
House of Lords and sits on the EU
Select
Committee. He is a Non-executive
Director
of Rio Tinto plc and the Scottish
American
Investment Company plc, a Scottish Power
Advisory Board member, Chairman of
Imperial College, and a Trustee of the
National Gallery and of the Rhodes,
Fulbright, and Carnegie Trusts.
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Born October 27, 1947. A Dutch
national,
appointed Chief Executive of Royal
Dutch
Shell in October 2004. He was
appointed
President of Royal Dutch in 2000,
having
been a Managing Director of Royal
Dutch
since 1997 and was a Board member of
Royal Dutch until the merger of the
company on December 21, 2005. He was
a
Director of Shell Canada Limited
from April
24, 2003 until April 29, 2005.
Joined Shell
in 1971 in refinery process design
and held a
number of senior management positions
around the world. He is a
Non-executive
Director of Unilever (which includes
Unilever N.V., Unilever plc and
Unilever
Holdings Ltd.).
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Born August 29, 1958. A Swiss national,
appointed Chief Financial Officer of Royal
Dutch Shell in October 2004. He was
appointed a Managing Director of Shell
Transport and Chief Financial Officer in
October 2004. In 2002, he joined the Asea
Brown Boveri (ABB) Group of Companies,
based in Switzerland as Chief Financial
Officer and Member of the ABB Group
Executive Committee. Originally joined the
Shell group in 1982 where he held a variety
of finance and business roles in Switzerland,
UK, Argentina and Chile, including Chief
Financial Officer of Oil Products. He was a
member of the supervisory board of Aegon
N.V. from 2004 until April 25, 2006. He is
a member of the supervisory board of UBS
AG and a member of the Swiss Federal
Auditor Oversight Authority. |
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Maarten Van
Den Bergh S Non-executive
Director |
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Nina Henderson S Non-executive
Director |
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Sir Peter Job
KBE R Non-executive
Director |
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Wim
Kok SN Non-executive
Director |
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Born April 19, 1942. A
Dutch national,
appointed a
Non-executive Director
of
Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. He was
a member of the Royal
Dutch supervisory
board from 2000 to
July 4, 2005. Managing
Director of Royal
Dutch from 1992 to
2000
and President from
1998 to 2000. He was
Chairman of the Board
of Directors of
Lloyds TSB from 2001
to May 11, 2006.
He is a member of the
Boards of Directors
of BT Group plc and
British Airways plc
and
Chairman of the
supervisory board of
Akzo
Nobel N.V.
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Born July 6, 1950. A
US national,
appointed
a Non-executive
Director of Royal
Dutch
Shell in October
2004. She was a Non-executive Director of
Shell Transport from
2001 to 2005.
Previously President
of a
major division and
Corporate
Vice-President
of Bestfoods, a major
US foods company,
responsible for
worldwide core
business
development.
Non-executive
Director of
Pactiv Corporation,
AXA Financial Inc.,
Del
Monte Foods Company
and Visiting Nurse
Service of New York.
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Born July 13, 1941. A
British national,
appointed a
Non-executive
Director of
Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. He was
a Non-executive
Director of Shell
Transport
from 2001 to 2005.
Previously he was
Chief
Executive of Reuters
Group plc. He is a
Non-executive
Director of Schroders
plc and
TIBCO Software Inc.
and a member of the
supervisory board of
Deutsche Bank AG.
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Born September 29,
1938. A Dutch
national, appointed a
Non-executive
Director of Royal
Dutch Shell in
October
2004. He was a member
of the Royal Dutch
supervisory board
from 2003 to July 4,
2005. Chaired the
Confederation of
Dutch
trade unions (FNV)
before becoming a
member of the Lower
House of Parliament
and parliamentary
leader of the Partij
van de
Arbeid (Labour
Party). Appointed
Minister
of Finance in 1989
and Prime Minister in
1994, serving for two
periods of government
up to July 2002.
Member of the
supervisory
boards of ING Groep N.V.,
KLM N.V. and TNT N.V. |
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80 Royal
Dutch Shell plc
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Malcolm Brinded CBE FREng Executive
Director, Exploration & Production |
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Linda Cook Executive
Director, Gas & Power, Shell Trading, Global Solutions and Technology |
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Rob Routs Executive
Director, Oil Sands, Oil Products and Chemicals |
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On March 12, 2008 the Nomination
and Succession Committee
recommended the appointment of
Dr Josef Ackermann as a Director
of the Company. The Board
adopted this recommendation and
a resolution will be submitted
to the 2008 Annual General
Meeting proposing the election
of Dr Ackermann as a Director of
the Company with effect from May
21, 2008. Dr Ackermanns
biographical details will be
given in the 2008 Notice of
Meeting. |
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Born March 18, 1953. A
British national,
appointed an Executive
Director of Royal
Dutch Shell in October
2004. He was
previously a Managing
Director of Shell
Transport since March
2004 and prior to that
a Managing Director of
Royal Dutch since
2002. Joined Shell in
1974 and has held
various positions around
the world including
in Brunei, the
Netherlands and Oman. He
was
also Country Chair for
Shell in the UK, and
Director of Planning,
Environment and
External Affairs at
Shell International Ltd.
Member of the Nigerian
Presidential
Honorary International
Investor Council,
Russian Foreign
Investment Advisory
Council,
the Foreign Investors
Council of Kazakhstan,
the Council of the Royal
Academy of
Engineering and a
Trustee of The Prince of
Wales International
Business Leaders Forum.
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Born June 4, 1958.
A US national,
appointed an
Executive Director
of Royal
Dutch Shell in
October 2004. She
was
appointed a
Managing Director
of Royal
Dutch in August
2004 and was a
Board
member of Royal
Dutch until the
merger of
the company on
December 21, 2005.
She
was President and
Chief Executive
Officer
and a member of the
Board of Directors
of
Shell Canada
Limited from August
2003 to
July 2004. Joined
Shell Oil Company
in
Houston in 1980,
and worked for
Shell Oil
Company in Houston
and California in a
variety of
technical and
managerial
positions.
Member of the
Society of
Petroleum
Engineers and a
Non-executive
Director of
The Boeing Company.
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Born September 10, 1946.
A Dutch
national, appointed an
Executive Director of
Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. He was
a Managing Director of
Royal Dutch from
2003 to July 4, 2005.
Joined Shell in 1971.
Held various positions
in the Netherlands,
Canada and the USA.
Previously President
and Chief Executive
Officer of Shell Oil
Products USA, President
of Shell Oil
Company and Country
Chair for Shell in
the USA and Chief
Executive of Equilon.
He is a member of the
Board of Directors of
Shell Canada Limited
since April 29, 2005
and a Director of INSEAD. |
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Nick Land A Non-executive Director |
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Christine Morin-Postel A Non-executive Director |
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Lawrence Ricciardi A Non-executive Director |
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Company Secretary
Michiel Brandjes
Born December 14, 1954. A Dutch
national, appointed as Company
Secretary of Royal Dutch Shell
in February 2005. Previously
Company Secretary of Royal Dutch
and Group general counsel
corporate. Joined the Shell
group in 1980 as a Legal
Adviser. |
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Born February 6,
1948. A British
national,
appointed a
Non-executive
Director of
Royal Dutch Shell as
from July 1, 2006. He
qualified as an
accountant in 1970
and was a
partner of Ernst &.
Young LLP from 1978
until June 30, 2006.
He was Chairman of
Ernst & Young LLP and
a member of the
Global Executive
Board of Ernst &
Young
Global LLP from 1995
until June 30, 2006.
He is a Non-executive
Director of BBA
Aviation plc, Ashmore
Group plc and
Vodafone Group plc,
Chairman of the
Practice Advisory
Board of the
Institute of
Chartered Accountants
of England and
Wales, and of the
Board of Trustees of
Farnham Castle, and a
member of the
Finance and Audit
Committees of the
National Gallery.
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Born October 6, 1946. A
French national,
appointed a
Non-executive Director
of
Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. She
was a member of the
Royal Dutch
supervisory board from
July 2004 and was
a Board member of Royal
Dutch until the
merger of the company
on December 21,
2005. Formerly she was
Chief Executive of
Société Générale de
Belgique, Executive
Vice-President and
member of the Executive
Committee of Suez S.A.,
Chairman and
CEO of Credisuez plc
from 1996 to 1998
and Non-executive
Director of Pilkington
plc and Alcan Inc. She
is a Non-executive
Director of 3i Group
plc and British
American Tobacco PLC.
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Born August 14, 1940.
A US national,
appointed a
Non-executive
Director of
Royal Dutch Shell in
October 2004. He was
appointed a member of
the Royal Dutch
supervisory board in
2001 and was a Board
member of Royal Dutch
until the merger of
the company on
December 21, 2005.
Previously he was
President of RJR
Nabisco,
Inc. and subsequently
Senior Vice-President
and General Counsel
of IBM. He is Senior
Advisor to the IBM
Corporation as well
as to
Jones Day and to
Lazard Frères & Co
and
Trustee of the Andrew
W. Mellon
Foundation and the
Pierpoint Morgan
Library. |
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Remuneration Committee |
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Social Responsibility Committee |
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Nomination and Succession Committee |
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Royal Dutch Shell plc 81
Report of the Directors
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
Royal Dutch Shell is a holding company which owns,
directly or indirectly, investments in the numerous
companies constituting the group. Shell is engaged
worldwide in the principal aspects of the oil and
natural gas industry. Shell also has interests in
chemicals as well as interests in power generation and
renewable energy.
Details of Royal Dutch Shells subsidiaries can be found in Exhibit 8.
BUSINESS REVIEW
The information that fulfils the requirements of the
Business Review can be found in the Chairmans message
on page 6, the Chief Executives review on page 7 and
also in the Operating and Financial Review on pages 10
to 77, all of which are incorporated in this report by
way of reference.
Throughout this report the Board aims to present a
balanced and understandable assessment of Royal Dutch
Shells position and prospects in its financial
reporting to shareholders and other interested parties.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Shell research and development is carried out in a
worldwide network of laboratories, with the main
technology centres in the Netherlands and the USA.
Other technology centres include Belgium, Canada,
France, Germany, India, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Singapore
and the UK. Further details of research and
development, including expenditure, can be found on
page 59 of the Operating and Financial Review as well
as Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS
Since December 31, 2007, additional purchases of shares
have been made under the buyback programme. As at
February 26, 2008, an additional 21,280,000 Class A
shares (representing 0.3% of Royal Dutch Shells entire
issued share capital at December 31, 2007) had been
purchased for cancellation at a total cost of $796
million including expenses. In addition, Note 36 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements discloses post
balance sheet events.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND DIVIDENDS
The Consolidated Statement of Income and Consolidated
Balance Sheet are available on pages 113 and 114 of
this Report.
The Board announced on February 1, 2007, that with
effect from the first quarter 2007 dividends would be
declared in US dollars. The table below sets out the
dividends declared by Royal Dutch Shell on each class
of share. The Directors have proposed a fourth quarter
interim dividend as set out below, payable on March 12,
2008, to shareholders on the register of members at
close of business on February 8, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIVIDEND PER SHARE |
|
Q1 |
|
|
Q2 |
|
|
Q3 |
|
|
Q4 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares ($) |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares ($) |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
DIVIDEND PER ADR |
|
Q1 |
|
|
Q2 |
|
|
Q3 |
|
|
Q4 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class A ADRs ($) |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class B ADRs ($) |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
The Company will continue to announce the euro and
pounds sterling equivalent amounts at the same time as
the US dollar declaration, using an exchange rate from
the day before the declaration date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIVIDEND PER SHARE |
|
Q1 |
|
|
Q2 |
|
|
Q3 |
|
|
Q4 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares (euro)
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares (pence)
|
|
|
18.09 |
|
|
|
17.56 |
|
|
|
17.59 |
|
|
|
18.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares (euro)
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares (pence)
|
|
|
18.09 |
|
|
|
17.56 |
|
|
|
17.59 |
|
|
|
18.11 |
|
|
CREDITOR PAYMENT POLICY AND PRACTICE
Statutory Regulations issued under the UK Companies Act
1985 require a public company to make a statement of
its policy and practice on the payment of trade
creditors. As a holding company whose principal
business is to hold shares in Shell companies, Royal
Dutch Shell has no trade creditors. Given the
international nature of Shells operations there is no
specific company-wide creditor payment policy.
Relationships with suppliers are governed by Shells
commitment to long-term relations, based on trust and
mutually beneficial arrangements.
Shell U.K. Limited, the most significant UK operating
company in the group, complies with the Better Payment
Practice Code and had approximately 35 days purchases
outstanding at December 31, 2007, (2006: 32 days)
based on the average daily amount invoiced by
suppliers during the year.
DIRECTORS RESPONSIBILITIES IN RESPECT OF THE
PREPARATION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Directors are responsible for preparing the
Annual Report, the Directors Remuneration Report
and the financial statements in accordance with
applicable law and regulations.
UK Company law requires the Directors to prepare
financial statements for each financial year. Under
that law the Directors have prepared the Shell group
and Parent Company Financial Statements in accordance
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
as adopted by the European Union. The financial
statements also comply with IFRS as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The
financial statements are required by law to give a true
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Shell
group and the parent company and of the profit or loss
of the Shell group and parent company for that period.
In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:
|
|
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
|
|
|
make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
|
|
|
state that the financial statements comply with IFRS as adopted by the European Union and
IFRS as issued by the IASB; and |
|
|
|
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to assume
that Royal Dutch Shell or the Shell group will continue in business. |
The Directors confirm that they have complied with the
above requirements when preparing the financial
statements. In addition, as far as each of the
Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit
information of which the auditors are unaware and each
Director has taken all the steps a Director ought to
have taken in order to make themselves aware of any
relevant audit information and to establish that the
auditors are aware of such information.
82 Royal Dutch Shell plc
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper
accounting records, that disclose with reasonable
accuracy at any time the financial position of Royal
Dutch Shell and the Shell group and to enable them to
ensure that the Financial Statements and the Directors
Remuneration Report comply with the Companies Act 1985
and, as regards the Consolidated
Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.
They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets
of Royal Dutch Shell and the Shell group and hence for
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and
detection of fraud and other irregularities.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Directors during the year were Maarten van den
Bergh, Malcolm Brinded, Linda Cook, Nina Henderson,
Sir Peter Job, Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, Wim Kok, Nick
Land, Aarnout Loudon (retired May 15, 2007),
Christine Morin-Postel, Jorma Ollila, Lawrence
Ricciardi, Rob Routs, Jeroen van der Veer and Peter
Voser.
Since the year end to March 12, 2008, there have been
no changes in the membership of the Board of Directors.
ELECTION AND RE-ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The Directors seeking re-election at the 2008 Annual
General Meeting (AGM) are Peter Voser, Sir Peter Job
and Lawrence Ricciardi. Shareholders will also be
asked to vote on the election of Dr Josef Ackermann
as a Director of the Company.
The biographies of all Directors are on pages 80 and
81 of this Report and, for those seeking election or
re-election, also in the Notice of the AGM. Details of
the Executive Directors service contracts can be
found on page 105 and copies are available for
inspection from the Company
Secretary. Furthermore, a copy of the form of these
contracts has been filed with the US Securities and
Exchange Commission as an exhibit.
The terms and conditions of appointment of
Non-executive Directors are set out in their letters of
appointment with Royal Dutch Shell which, in accordance
with the Combined Code, are available for inspection
from the Company Secretary. No Director is, or was,
materially interested in any contract subsisting during
or at the end of the year that was significant in
relation to Royal Dutch Shells business. See also
Related Party Transactions on page 181.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Descriptions of the use of financial instruments and
the Shell group financial risk management objectives
and policies are set out in the Operating and
Financial Review Risk factors and on pages 90 and
91, and also in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
QUALIFYING THIRD-PARTY INDEMNITIES
Royal Dutch Shell has entered into a deed of indemnity
with each of the Directors. The terms of these deeds
are identical and reflect the statutory provisions on
indemnities introduced by the Companies (Audit,
Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004.
Under the terms of each of these deeds, Royal Dutch
Shell has indemnified each of the Directors, to the
widest extent permitted by the applicable laws of
England and Wales, against any and all liability,
howsoever caused (including by that Directors own
negligence), suffered or incurred by that Director in
the course of that Director acting as a Director or
employee of Royal Dutch Shell, any Shell group member
and/or certain other entities.
DIRECTORS INTERESTS
The interests (in shares or calculated equivalents) of the Directors in office at the end of the
financial year, including any interests of a connected person (as defined in the Disclosure and
Transparency Rules) of the Directors, are set out below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTORS INTERESTS |
|
January 1, 2007 |
[A] |
|
December 31, 2007 |
[B] |
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
Maarten van den Bergh |
|
|
8,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
14,432 |
|
|
|
22,885 |
|
|
|
14,432 |
|
|
|
28,472 |
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
27,484 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,484 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
Nina Henderson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,584 |
[D] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,584 |
[D] |
Sir Peter Job |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,077 |
|
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,500 |
|
Wim Kok |
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
Nick Land |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,074 |
|
Christine Morin-Postel |
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,485 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jorma Ollila |
|
|
4,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Lawrence Ricciardi |
|
|
20,000 |
[E] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,000 |
[E] |
|
|
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
1,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
46,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Excludes interests in shares or options awarded under the Long-term Incentive Plan, the
Deferred Bonus Plan and the Share option plans as at January 1, 2007. Interests under these plans
as at January 1, 2007 are set out on pages 99 to 101. |
[B] |
|
Excludes interests in shares or options awarded under the Long-term Incentive Plan, the
Deferred Bonus Plan and the Share option plans as at December 31, 2007. Interests under these plans
as at December 31, 2007 are set out on pages 99 to 101. |
[C] |
|
Held as 13,742 ADRs (RDS.A ADR). One RDS.A ADR
represents two RDS A ordinary shares. |
[D] |
|
Held as 2,292 ADRs (RDS.B ADR). One RDS.B ADR represents
two RDS B ordinary shares. |
[E] |
|
Held as 10,000 ADRs (RDS.A ADR). One RDS.A ADR represents two RDS A
ordinary shares. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 83
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS
There were no changes in Directors share interests
during the period from December 31, 2007, to March 12,
2008, except that Wim Kok purchased 2,250 Royal Dutch
Shell Class A shares on February 1, 2008.
SHARE CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The Companys authorised and issued share capital as
at December 31, 2007, is set out in Note 11 to the
Parent Company Financial Statements. Disclosure
requirements pursuant to The Takeover Directive can be
found on this page and on pages 173-181.
SHARE PURCHASES
On May 15, 2007, shareholders approved an authority,
expiring at the end of the next AGM, for Royal Dutch
Shell to purchase its own shares up to a maximum of 10%
of the issued share capital (excluding share purchases
for employee share benefit plans). During 2007,
112,275,000 Class A shares with a nominal value of 7.9
million (representing 1.8% of Royal Dutch Shells
entire issued share capital at December 31, 2007) had
been purchased for cancellation for a total cost of
$4,413 million, including expenses, at an average price
of $39.31 per Class A share. Since the year end
additional purchases have been made (see Recent
developments and post balance sheet events). At
February 26, 2008 a further 21,280,000 Class A shares
(representing 0.3% of Royal Dutch Shells entire issued
share capital at December 31, 2007) had been purchased
for cancellation for a total cost of $796 million,
including expenses, at an average price of $37.38 per
Class A share.
The Board continues to regard the ability to
repurchase issued shares in suitable circumstances as
an important part of the financial management of Royal
Dutch Shell. A resolution will be proposed to the
forthcoming AGM to renew the authority for Royal Dutch
Shell to purchase its own share capital up to
specified limits for another year. More detail of this
proposal is given in the Notice of the AGM.
POLITICAL AND CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS
No political donations were made by any member of Shell
companies to political parties or organisations during
the year. Shell Oil Company administers the
non-partisan Shell Oil Company Employees Political
Awareness Committee (SEPAC), a political action
committee registered with the US Federal Election
Commission. Eligible
employees may make voluntary personal contributions to
SEPAC.
Shell, through individual Shell companies, sponsors
social investment programmes in many countries
throughout the world. In the UK, Shell donated $26
million in 2007 to charitable causes.
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION
Detailed information can be found in the Operating
and Financial Review on page 66.
COMMUNICATION AND INVOLVEMENT
Detailed information can be found in the Operating
and Financial Review on page 66.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
A summary of Royal Dutch Shells approach to
corporate social responsibility is contained in
pages 68 to 71 of the Operating and Financial
Review. Further details will be available in the
Shell Sustainability Report 2007.
SIGNIFICANT CONTRACTS AND TAKEOVER DIRECTIVE
INFORMATION
Shell does not have contracts or other arrangements
which individually are essential to the business nor
does it have any significant agreements that would take
effect, alter or terminate upon a change of control of
the company following a takeover bid. There are no
significant restrictions on the transfer of securities.
Shell operates two primary employee share ownership
trusts, a Dutch Stichting and an American Rabbi Trust.
The shares in the Stichting are voted by the Stichting
Board, and the shares in the Rabbi Trust are voted by
the Voting Trustee, U.S. Trust Company, N.A. Both the
Stichting Board and the Voting Trustee are independent
of Royal Dutch Shell.
In addition, the following plans have separate
related share ownership trusts, namely The Shell All
Employee Share Ownership Plan (SAESOP) and the
Global All Employee Share Purchase Plan (GESPP).
Shares held for the SAESOP are voted by its trustee,
Halifax Corporate Trustees Limited, as directed by
the participants. Shares held for the GESPP may be
voted by its trustee, Halifax EES International
Limited.
|
|
|
|
INFORMATION |
|
LOCATION IN ANNUAL REPORT |
Share capital structure, voting
and other rights
|
|
See Note 11 to Parent Company
Financial Statements, and Control
of Registrant (pages 173 to 181). |
|
Significant direct and indirect holding of Royal Dutch Shell securities
|
|
See Substantial shareholdings
table below. |
|
SHARE CAPITAL PERCENTAGE
Pursuant to The Takeover Directive, below is a table
with the percent of total issued share capital as at
December 31, 2007.
|
|
|
SHARE CLASS |
|
PERCENT |
Class A
|
|
56.50 |
Class B
|
|
43.50 |
Sterling deferred shares
|
|
de minimis |
|
SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS
As at February 26, 2008, Royal Dutch Shell had been
notified by the following investors of their
interests in 3% or more of the Companys shares.
These interests are notified to the Company pursuant
to Disclosure and Transparency Rule 5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INVESTOR |
|
CLASS A SHARES |
|
|
CLASS B SHARES |
|
Barclays PLC |
|
|
1.83 |
% |
|
|
2.39 |
% |
Legal & General Group Plc |
|
|
4.38 |
% |
|
|
5.04 |
% |
The Capital Group Companies Inc |
|
|
4.52 |
% |
|
|
2.91 |
% |
|
AUDITORS
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP have signified their
willingness to continue in office, and a resolution for
their re-appointment will be submitted to the AGM.
84 Royal Dutch Shell plc
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
The Annual General Meeting will take place on May 20,
2008, and will be held in the Circustheater,
Circusstraat 4, The Hague, The Netherlands with a
satellite link to The Barbican Centre, London, UK. An
audio-visual link will permit active two-way
participation by persons physically present in the UK
and the Netherlands. Details of the business to be put
to shareholders at the Annual General Meeting can be
found in the Notice of the Annual General Meeting.
By Order of the Board
Michiel Brandjes
Company Secretary
March 12, 2008
Royal Dutch Shell plc 85
Corporate governance
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Royal Dutch Shell is committed to the highest
standards of corporate governance. We believe that
such standards are essential to business integrity and
performance. This report sets out the policies and
practices of the Company that have been applied during
the year.
The Board confirms that during the year the Company
complied with the principles and provisions set out in
Section 1 of the 2006 Combined Code save that for part
of the year only two of the three members of the
Remuneration Committee were deemed to be wholly
independent (the third member being the Chairman of the
Board who was deemed wholly independent upon
appointment to the Board, however such a test
thereafter is not appropriate in relation to the
Chairman). In March 2008, Dr Josef Ackermann, a wholly
independent Non-executive Director, was appointed a
member of the Committee with effect from the close of
business of the 2008 Annual General Meeting (AGM),
subject to his election as a Director of the Company at
the AGM.
In addition to complying with the corporate governance
requirements in the UK, the Company must follow the
rules of the Euronext Stock Exchange as well as Dutch
securities laws due to its listing on this exchange. It
must also follow US securities laws and the New York
Stock Exchange (NYSE) rules and regulations due to
registration of its securities in the USA and the
listing of its securities on the NYSE.
In accordance with the NYSE rules for foreign private
issuers the Company follows home country practice in
relation to corporate governance. However, foreign
private issuers are required to have an audit committee
that satisfies the requirements of US Securities and
Exchange Act Rule 10A-3 and our Audit Committee
satisfies such requirements. The NYSE also requires a
foreign private issuer to provide certain written
affirmations and notices to the NYSE as well as a
summary of the ways in which their corporate governance
practices significantly differ from those followed by
domestic US companies under NYSE listing standards. Our
summary is available at www.shell.com/investor.
SHELL GENERAL BUSINESS PRINCIPLES
The Shell General Business Principles define how Shell
companies are expected to conduct their affairs. These
principles include, among other things, the commitment
of Shell to support fundamental human rights and to
contribute to sustainable development and can be found
on www.shell.com/sgbp.
SHELL CODE OF CONDUCT
Employees are required to comply with the Shell Code
of Conduct which is intended to help individual
employees put our business principles into practice
through the basic rules and standards we expect them
to follow and the behaviour we expect of them. The
Shell Code of Conduct is available online at
www.shell.com/codeofconduct. The Compliance Programme
supports the embedding of the Code of Conduct through
values and knowledge-based training.
CODE OF ETHICS
Executive Directors and Senior Financial Officers of
the Shell group must also comply with a Code of Ethics.
The Code of Ethics is specifically intended to meet the
requirements of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
and the listing requirements of the NYSE. The Code of
Ethics can be found on the website
www.shell.com/codeofethics.
WHISTLE-BLOWING
Shell employees may raise ethics and compliance
concerns through the Shell Global Helpline. The Shell
Global Helpline is a worldwide reporting mechanism,
operated by a third party, which is open 24 hours a
day, seven days a week through local telephone numbers
and through the internet at www.shell.com or
www.compliance-helpline.com/shell.
BOARD STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
For the period up to May 2007, the Board comprised
the Chairman, Jorma Ollila, five Executive Directors
including the Chief Executive, Jeroen van der Veer,
and nine Non-executive Directors, including the
Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Non-executive
Director, Lord Kerr of Kinlochard. Aarnout Loudon, a
Non-executive Director, stood down at the 2007 AGM. A
list of current Directors, with their biographies, is
on pages 80 and 81 of this Report.
The Board meets eight times a year and has a formal
schedule of matters reserved to it. This includes
overall strategy and management, corporate structure
and capital structure, financial reporting and
controls, internal controls, approval of the Annual
Report and Form 20-F, approval of interim dividends,
significant contracts, succession planning and new
Board appointments. The full list of matters reserved
to the Board for decision is available at
www.shell.com/investor.
ROLE OF DIRECTORS
The roles of the Chairman, a non-executive role, and
the Chief Executive are separate and the Board has
agreed their respective responsibilities.
The Chairman, Jorma Ollila, is responsible for
the leadership and management of the Board and
for ensuring that the Board and its committees
function effectively.
The Chief Executive, Jeroen van der Veer, bears overall
responsibility for the implementation of the strategy
agreed by the Board, the operational management of
Royal Dutch Shell and the business enterprises
connected with it. He is supported in this by the
Executive Committee, which he chairs (see page 87).
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
The Non-executive Directors bring a wide range of
skills and international business experience to Shell.
They also bring independent judgement on issues of
strategy, performance and risk through their
contribution to Board meetings and to the Boards
committee meetings. The Chairman and the Non-executive
Directors meet routinely without the Executive
Directors to discuss, among other things, the
performance of individual Directors.
All the Non-executive Directors as at the end of 2007
are considered by the Board to be wholly independent of
any personal business connection with the Company or
Shell companies, with the exception of Maarten van den
Bergh who receives pensions from Shell pension funds.
The standard by which Directors independence is
determined can be found online at
www.shell.com/investor within the terms of reference of
the Nomination and Succession Committee.
SIGNIFICANT COMMITMENTS OF THE CHAIRMAN
The other significant commitments of the Chairman
are given in his biography on page 80.
86 Royal Dutch Shell plc
INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE
All Directors may seek independent professional advice
in connection with their role as a Director. All
Directors have access to the advice and services of the
Company Secretary. Royal Dutch Shell has provided to
the Directors indemnities and directors and officers
insurance in connection with the performance of their
responsibilities. Copies of these indemnities and the
directors and officers insurance policies are open to
inspection. Copies of these indemnities have been
previously filed with the US Securities and Exchange
Commission and are incorporated by reference as an
exhibit to this Report.
BOARD ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR
The Board met eight times during the year and all but
one meeting were held in The Hague, the Netherlands.
The agenda for each meeting comprises a number of
regular items, including reports from each of the Board
Committees, reports from both the Chief Executive and
the Chief Financial Officer and business reports from
each of the other Executive Directors. At most meetings
the Board also considered a number of investment
proposals. In accordance with matters specifically
reserved for the Board, during the year the Board
considered numerous strategic issues and approved each
of the quarterly financial results and dividend
announcements.
The Board received regular reports from the various
functions, including Corporate Affairs (which includes
Health, Safety and Environment), Human Resources, Legal
and Finance (which includes Investor Relations).
INDUCTION AND TRAINING
Following appointment to the Board, Directors receive
a comprehensive induction tailored to their
individual needs. This includes meetings with senior
management to enable them to build up a detailed
understanding of Shells business and strategy, and
the key risks and issues that we face. During the
year however there were no new appointments to the
Board.
Throughout the year, regular updates on developments
in legal matters, governance and accounting are
provided to Directors. The Board regards site visits
as an integral part of ongoing Director training.
Additional training is available so that Directors
can suitably update their skills and knowledge as
appropriate.
ATTENDANCE AT BOARD, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND BOARD COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Attendance during the year for all Board, Executive
Committee and Board Committee meetings are given in
the table below.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attendance
at Board, Executive Committee and Board Committee
Meetings[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nomination & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Social |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive |
|
|
Audit |
|
|
Succession |
|
|
Remuneration |
|
|
Responsibility |
|
|
|
Board |
|
|
Committee |
|
|
Committee |
|
|
Committee |
|
|
Committee |
|
|
Committee |
|
Maarten van den Bergh |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4/4 |
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
30/31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
31/31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nina Henderson |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4/4 |
|
Sir Peter Job |
|
|
7/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6/6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/7 |
|
|
|
6/6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Wim Kok |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4/4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4/4 |
|
Nick Land |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aarnout Loudon |
|
|
5/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/3 |
|
|
|
2/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Christine Morin-Postel |
|
|
7/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jorma Ollila |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/7 |
|
|
|
4/4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Lawrence Ricciardi |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
31/31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
31/31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
8/8 |
|
|
|
31/31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The first figure represents attendance and the second figure
the possible number of meetings. For example 6/8 signifies attendance at six out of a
possible eight meetings. Where a director retired or
was appointed to a Board Committee during the year,
only meetings before retirement or after the date
of appointment are shown. |
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
The Executive Committee comprises:
Executive Directors
|
|
Chief Executive Jeroen van der Veer; |
|
|
Exploration & Production Malcolm Brinded; |
|
|
Gas & Power, Shell Trading, Global Solutions
and Technology Linda Cook; |
|
|
Oil Sands, Oil Products and Chemicals Rob Routs; and |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer Peter Voser. |
Directors of Functions
During the year, the following were appointed as
members of the Executive Committee:
|
|
Corporate Affairs Director Roxanne Decyk; |
|
|
Legal Director Beat Hess; and |
|
|
Human Resources Director Hugh Mitchell. |
The Executive Committee operates under the direction
of the Chief Executive and is responsible for Royal
Dutch Shells overall business and affairs. The Chief
Executive has final authority in all matters of
management that are not within the duties and
authorities of the Board or of the AGM. The Executive
Committee supports the Chief Executive and implements
all Board resolutions and supervises all management
levels in Royal Dutch Shell.
BOARD COMMITTEES
There are four Board committees made up of
Non-executive Directors. These are the:
|
|
Audit Committee; |
|
|
Nomination and Succession Committee; |
|
|
Remuneration Committee; and |
|
|
Social Responsibility Committee. |
A copy of each committees terms of reference is
available from the Company Secretary and can be found
online www.shell.com/investor.
Audit Committee
The members of the Audit Committee are Lawrence
Ricciardi (chairman of the Committee), Nick Land and
Christine Morin-Postel, all of whom are financially
literate, independent, Non-executive Directors. For the
purposes of the 2006 Combined Code, Christine
Morin-Postel qualifies as a person with recent and
relevant financial experience and for the purposes of
US securities laws is an audit committee financial
expert. In March 2008, it was agreed that Lawrence
Ricciardi, having served a three year period as
Chairman of the Committee, would step down as Chairman
with effect from the close of business of the 2008
Annual General Meeting and would be succeeded by
Christine Morin-Postel. It was agreed that Lawrence
Ricciardi would continue to serve as a member of the
Committee.
The Committee met five times during the year
and Committee Members attendances are shown on
this page.
The key responsibilities of the Audit Committee are to
assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities in
relation to internal control and financial reporting,
to carry out certain oversight functions on behalf of
the Board and to monitor compliance with applicable
external legal and regulatory requirements, the Shell
General Business Principles, the Shell Code of Conduct,
and the Code of Ethics for Executive Directors and
Senior
Royal Dutch Shell plc 87
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Financial Officers. The Audit Committee reviews and
assesses the remit of the internal audit function. It
monitors and discusses whether our risk management and
internal control system is effective, including any
significant matters arising from the audits which are
discussed with, as appropriate, the Chief Internal
Auditor, management or the external auditors,
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The Audit Committee
monitors the qualifications, expertise, resources and
independence of both the internal and external auditors
and assesses each year the auditors performance and
effectiveness. The Audit Committee also has established
and monitors policies related to pre-approval of all
services the external auditors provide. The Committee
has established and monitors the implementation of
procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of
complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting
controls, auditing or other matters, including
mechanisms for the confidential or anonymous submission
of related concerns by employees. These include
facilities to enable employees to submit concerns
confidentially or anonymously, and to ensure
independent investigation with follow-up action where
suitable.
The Audit Committee updates the Board quarterly and
annually on its activities and recommendations. Where
the Committee is not satisfied with or wherever it
considers action or improvement is required concerning
any aspect of risk management and internal control,
financial reporting or audit-related activities, it
promptly reports these concerns to the Board.
At each meeting the Audit Committee received
comprehensive reports from management and the internal
and external auditors as appropriate to enable it to
discharge its responsibilities. During the year the
Committee discussed with the Chief Financial Officer,
the Controller and the external auditors, as
appropriate, issues that arose on accounting policies,
practices and reporting. The Committee reviewed and
discussed the integrity of Royal Dutch Shells annual
and quarterly unaudited financial statements with
management and the external auditors. During the year
the Committee also monitored the effectiveness of the
procedures for internal control over financial
reporting including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.
The Committee also received reports regarding the
receipt, retention, investigation and treatment of
complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting
controls and auditing or other matters. The Chief
Compliance Officer reported to the Committee on Shells
compliance programme activities, operations and
results.
The Committee has adopted guidelines allowing audit,
audit-related and non-audit services to be contracted
with the external auditors without pre-approval so long
as the fee value for each contract does not exceed
$500,000. During the year the scope of the permitted
non-audit services contracted with the external
auditors consisted of tax compliance work, tax advice
on proposed transactions and regulatory compliance
work.
Any other services must be specifically pre-approved.
Under the guidelines, permitted services must not
present a conflict of interest nor compromise the
independence of the external auditor. The Committee
has reviewed quarterly all engagements with the
external auditors.
The following table sets out the fees paid by Royal
Dutch Shell to the external auditors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHELL GROUP AUDIT FEE[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Audit fees |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
Audit-related
services[B] |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
Taxation
services[C] |
|
|
[D] |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Other services |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 158 provides additional detail on the Shell group audit fee. |
[B] |
|
Fees for other audit-related services and other services provided pursuant to legislation. |
[C] |
|
Fees primarily for tax compliance. |
[D] |
|
Less than $1 million. |
In 2007 the Audit Committee approved all of the
aggregate fees set out in the table above.
Nomination and Succession Committee
The members of the Nomination and Succession Committee
are Jorma Ollila (chairman of the Committee), Lord
Kerr of Kinlochard and Wim Kok (with effect from May
16, 2007). During the year Aarnout Loudon retired as a
committee member and as a Director of the Company at
the AGM. The Committee met seven times during the year
and Committee Members attendances are shown on page
87.
The Committee keeps under review the leadership needs
of Royal Dutch Shell. It identifies and nominates
suitable candidates for the Boards approval to fill
vacancies as and when they arise. The Committee also
makes recommendations on who should be appointed
chairman of the Audit Committee, the Remuneration
Committee and the Social Responsibility Committee and,
in consultation with the relevant chairman, on the
appointment of committee members. It makes
recommendations on corporate governance guidelines for
Royal Dutch Shell, monitors compliance with corporate
governance requirements and makes recommendations on
disclosures connected to corporate governance and its
appointment processes.
During the year, the Committee handled a number of
matters, including general succession planning in
respect of the Board and its Committees. The Committee
also discussed the Board evaluation process, reviewed
the independence of the Non-executive Directors and
recommended to the Board a revised policy in respect of
external directorships by Executive Directors.
Remuneration Committee
The members of the Remuneration Committee are Sir Peter
Job (chairman of the Committee with effect from May
16, 2007), Lord Kerr of Kinlochard and Jorma Ollila
(with effect from June 20, 2007). During the year
Aarnout Loudon retired as chairman of the Committee and
as a Director of the Company at the AGM. In March 2008,
it was agreed to appoint Dr Josef Ackermann a member of
the Committee with effect from the close of business of
the 2008 AGM, subject to his election as a Director of
the Company at the AGM. The Committee met six times
during the year. Committee Members attendances are
shown on pages 87 and 94.
88 Royal Dutch Shell plc
The Committee determines and agrees with the Board the
remuneration policy for the Chairman, the Chief
Executive and Executive Directors and within the terms
of this policy, determines the individual remuneration
package for the Chairman, the Chief Executive and the
Executive Directors. The Committee also considers and
advises on the terms of any contract to be offered to
a Director. It monitors the remuneration for other
senior executives and makes recommendations.
During the year, the Committee recommended individual
remuneration packages for the Chief Executive, and, in
consultation with the Chairman and the Chief
Executive, other Executive Directors. The Board also
agreed with the Committee performance targets for the
remuneration of the Chief Executive and other
Executive Directors.
Further information on the work of the Committee and
details of the remuneration of all the Directors for
the year ended December 31, 2007, are set out in the
Directors Remuneration Report.
Social Responsibility Committee
The members of the Social Responsibility Committee
are Wim Kok (chairman of the Committee), Maarten
van den Bergh and Nina Henderson. The Committee met
four times during the year, and Committee Members
attendance is shown on page 87.
The main role of the Committee is to review on behalf
of the Board the policies and conduct of Shell
companies with respect to the Shell General Business
Principles, the Shell Code of Conduct, the Health,
Safety and Environment Policy, the principles relating
to Sustainable Development and other major issues of
public concern. The Committee does this by receiving
reports and reviewing with management Shells overall
HSE and social performance, on Shells annual
performance against the Code of Conduct, on the
management of social and environmental impacts at major
projects and operations and on emerging social and
environmental issues. It also provides input on and
reviews the Shell Sustainability Report, including
meeting face-to-face with the reports External Review
Committee.
In addition to regular meetings, the Committee also
visits Shell locations, meeting with local staff and
external stakeholders to understand firsthand the
community, with interested NGOs and with governments at
the local and national levels, as relevant to the
project. In particular, the Committee observes how
Shells standards are being implemented in practice and
where in its judgement there might be areas for
increased focus. In 2007, it visited the Athabasca Oil
Sands Project in Alberta, Canada and the Sakhalin II
project in Russia. The Committee chairman also visited
Nigeria. After each visit, the Committee reports its
observations to the Executive Director responsible for
that project or site and to the full Board.
The Committee reports on these topics and on its own
conclusions and recommendations to executive
management and the full Board.
The Committee meets four times a year in order to
enable it to have a thorough review of the broad scope
and variety of topics that fall within its remit. In
2007, in addition to its standard schedule, the
Committee dedicated an additional full day meeting to
deepen its knowledge and understanding of the
developing debate around climate change and its
implications for Shell operations and businesses.
BOARD EVALUATION
During the year, the Board carried out a performance
evaluation of the Board, the Board committees, the
Chairman and each of the Directors. As in previous
years, this was an internal exercise led by the
Nomination and Succession Committee.
Previously the Board has conducted a detailed and
comprehensive evaluation process by a combination of written survey
questionnaires and one-to-one interviews, followed by a
series of discussions. The outcome of these evaluations
showed that Directors were in general positive about
the performance and processes of the Board and the
Board Committees, however they also indicated that
Directors would like to see a greater involvement by
the Board in both group strategy and succession
matters. Both these issues were subsequently followed
up with action plans and included the introduction of a
Group Strategy Day and regular update reports from the
Nomination and Succession Committee.
In view of the detailed and comprehensive evaluation
conducted in 2006 and the relatively recent
implementation of the action plans, the Board
considered it unnecessary to conduct such an extensive
process in 2007 and therefore agreed to conduct the
process in 2007 by interview only.
These interviews were structured and conducted on a
one-to-one basis in accordance with the table below.
This was followed by a discussion by the full Board of
the results of the evaluation of the Board and Board
Committees, whilst the results of the evaluation of the
Chairman, the Chief Executive and Executive Directors
were discussed by the Non-executive Directors. The
outcome of this evaluation process showed that
Directors were generally positive about the performance
and processes of the Board and the Board committees and
there was agreement that the action plans introduced
after previous evaluation processes had brought about
the desired changes in relation to group strategy and
succession matters.
|
|
|
Body to be evaluated |
|
Interview arrangement |
Board
|
|
Chairman to interview Non-executive Directors |
|
|
Chief Executive to interview Executive Directors |
|
Chairman
|
|
Deputy Chairman to consult all other |
|
|
Directors and to interview Chairman |
|
Non-executive Directors
|
|
Chairman to interview Non-executive Directors |
|
Executive Directors
|
|
Chief Executive to interview Executive Directors |
|
Board Committees
|
|
Committee Chairman to interview Committee |
|
|
Members |
|
SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS
The Board recognises the importance of two-way
communication with its shareholders and, as well as
giving a balanced report of results and progress at
each AGM, the Company meets with, and responds to
questions and issues raised by institutional and retail
shareholders. Shells corporate website,
www.shell.com/investor has information for
institutional and retail shareholders alike.
Shareholders seeking information may contact the
Company directly throughout the year. They also have an
opportunity to ask questions in person at the AGM.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 89
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Shareholders can contact Shell directly via dedicated
shareholder email addresses or via dedicated
shareholder telephone numbers as given on
the inside back cover of this Annual Report.
The Companys Registrar, Equiniti (formerly Lloyds TSB
Registrars), operates an internet access facility for
shareholders, providing details of their shareholdings
at www.shareview.co.uk. Facilities are also provided
for shareholders to lodge proxy appointments
electronically. The Royal Dutch Shell Corporate
Nominee provides a facility for investors to hold
their shares in Royal Dutch Shell in paperless form.
During the year, the Company Secretary wrote to
shareholders to ask whether in the future they wish to
receive shareholder communications, such as the Annual
Review or Annual Report and Accounts, in electronic or
paper form. In accordance with new provisions of the
Companies Act 2006, if a shareholder chose not to
respond to the Company Secretarys letter they were
deemed to have opted to no longer receive shareholder
communications in paper form. In such circumstances
however, shareholders are entitled to ask for a paper
copy free of charge at any time.
RESULTS PRESENTATIONS AND ANALYSTS MEETINGS
The quarterly and annual results presentations and all
major analysts meetings are announced in advance on
the Shell website and through a regulatory release.
These presentations can be followed live via
webcasting or tele-conference. Other meetings with
analysts or investors are not normally announced in
advance, nor can they be followed by webcast or any
other means. Discussions in such meetings are always
limited to information already in the public domain.
This is in line with the requirement to ensure that
all shareholders and other parties in the financial
market have equal and simultaneous access to
information that may influence the share price of
Royal Dutch Shell. The Chairman, the Deputy Chairman,
the Chief Executive, the Chief Financial Officer and
the Executive Vice-President Investor Relations of
Royal Dutch Shell report regularly to the Directors on
the views of major shareholders.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR PREPARING ACCOUNTS
See the Report of the Directors in this Report.
GOING CONCERN
The Directors consider that, taking into account the
assets and income of Shell, Royal Dutch Shell has
adequate resources to continue in operational
existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason
the Directors adopt the going concern basis for the
Financial Statements contained in this Report.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Board is responsible for Shells system of
internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness
and has delegated authority to the Audit Committee
to assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities in
relation to internal control and financial
reporting.
A single overall control framework is in place which
is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk
of failure to achieve business objectives, and only
provides reasonable and not absolute assurance
against material misstatement or loss. The Shell
Control Framework applies to all wholly owned Shell
companies and to those ventures and other companies
where Royal Dutch Shell, directly or indirectly, has
a controlling interest.
The following diagram, which has been updated during
the year, illustrates the Control Frameworks key
components, Foundations, Organisation and Processes.
In Foundations we state the objectives, principles
and rules that underpin and establish boundaries for
Shells activities. Organisation sets out how the
various legal entities involved relate to each other
and how their business activities are organised and
managed. Processes concerns the more material
processes, including how authority is delegated, how
strategy is set and plans are made and how performance and compliance
are monitored, appraised and assured. All control
activities relate to one or more of these components.
The Board confirms that there is an ongoing process
for identifying, evaluating and managing the
significant risks faced by Shell, which has been in
place throughout the year and up to the date of this
report, is regularly reviewed by the Board and
accords with the guidance for directors, known as the
Turnbull Guidance.
Shell has a variety of processes for obtaining
assurance on the adequacy of risk management and
internal control. It has a structured process to
identify and review risks to the achievement of Shells
objectives. The Executive Committee and the Audit
Committee regularly consider group-level risks and
associated control mechanisms. The Board has conducted
its annual review of the effectiveness of Shells
system of risk management and internal controls which
cover financial, operational and compliance controls.
Pension Funds
Local trustees manage the pension funds and set the
required contributions from subsidiaries based on
independent actuarial valuation rather than the IFRS
measures. The actuarial valuations are sensitive to
changes in the assumptions made regarding future
outcomes, the principal ones being in respect of
increases in remuneration and pension benefits,
demography (including mortality), the discount rate
used to convert future cash flows to current values and
the long-term return on plan assets. Substantial
judgement is required in determining the assumptions.
For further information regarding the judgement
applied in these assumptions and the relation to the
financial position and performance of the company,
see Notes 3 and 21 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Shell has established a number of responses to
address the key pension risks. These include the
establishment of a joint Human Resources and Finance
Pensions Forum that is responsible for the retirement
strategy and risk responses. In addition, specific
controls have been established
90 Royal Dutch Shell plc
with respect to: retirement benefit and plan design; pension plan
investments, liabilities and funding; and pension reporting.
Treasury and Trading
Shell companies, in the normal course of their
business, use financial instruments of various kinds
for the purposes of managing exposure to currency,
commodity price and interest rate movements.
Shell has treasury standards applicable to all Shell
companies and each Shell company is required to adopt a
treasury policy consistent with these standards. These
policies cover financing structure, foreign exchange
and interest rate risk management, insurance,
counterparty risk management and derivative
instruments, as well as the treasury control framework.
Wherever possible, treasury operations are operated
through group-level specialist regional organisations,
but without removing from each Shell company the responsibility to
formulate and implement appropriate treasury policies.
Debt financing is generally structured centrally on
a floating rate basis and, except in special cases,
further interest rate management is discouraged.
Each Shell company measures its foreign currency
exposures against the underlying currency of its
business (its functional currency), reports foreign
exchange gains and losses against its functional
currency and has hedging and treasury policies in place
which are designed to manage foreign exchange exposure
so defined. The functional currency for most upstream
companies and for other companies with significant
international business is the US dollar, but other
companies usually have their local currency as their
functional currency.
Apart from forward foreign exchange contracts to meet
known commitments, the use of derivative financial
instruments by most Shell companies is not permitted
by their treasury policy.
Certain Shell companies have a mandate to trade natural
gas, electrical power, crude oil, refined products,
chemical feedstocks and environmental products, and to
use commodity swaps, options and futures as a means of
managing price and timing risks arising from this
trading. In effecting these transactions, the companies
concerned operate within procedures and policies
designed to ensure that risks, including those relating
to the default of counterparties, are minimised.
Shell uses risk management systems for recording and
valuing instruments. There is regular review of
mandated trading limits by senior management, daily
monitoring of market risk exposure using value-at-risk
(VAR) techniques (see below), daily monitoring of
trading positions against limits and marking-to-market
of trading exposures with a department independent of
traders reviewing the market values applied to trading
exposures. Shells exposure to substantial trading
losses is therefore considered limited.
Shell utilises VAR techniques based on
variance/covariance or Monte Carlo simulation models
and make a statistical assessment of the market risk
arising from possible future changes in market values
over a 24-hour period and within a 95% confidence
level. The calculation of the range of potential
changes in fair value takes into account positions, the
history of price movements and the correlation of these
price movements. Each of the models is regularly back
tested against actual fair value movements to ensure
model integrity is maintained.
Other than in exceptional cases, the use of external
derivative instruments is generally confined to
specialist oil and gas trading and central treasury
organisations which have appropriate skills,
experience, supervision, control and reporting
systems.
Information on derivatives and other financial
instruments and derivative commodity instruments is
provided in Note 26 of the Consolidated Financial
Statements and on pages 171 to 172 of this Report.
Managements Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures of Shell
As indicated in the certifications in Exhibits 12.1 and
12.2 of this report, Shells Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the
effectiveness of Shells disclosure controls and
procedures as at December 31, 2007. Based on that
evaluation, these officers have concluded that Shells
disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting of Shell
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and
maintaining adequate internal control over Shells
financial reporting. Management conducted an evaluation
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting with respect to Shell based on the Internal
Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Based on this evaluation, management concluded that
Royal Dutch Shells internal control over financial
reporting with respect to Shell was effective as at
December 31, 2007.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent
registered public accounting firm that audited the
financial statements in this annual report, has
issued an attestation report on Royal Dutch Shells
internal control over financial reporting, as stated
in their report beginning on page 111 of this report.
The Trustees and Managements Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting of the Royal Dutch
Shell Dividend Access Trust
The Trustee of the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access
Trust is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over the Trusts financial
reporting. The Trustee and the Companys management
conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting based on the
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission. Based on this evaluation, the Trustee and
management concluded that the Trusts internal control
over financial reporting was effective as at December
31, 2007.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the independent registered
public accounting firm that audited the financial
statements in this annual report, has issued an
attestation report on the Trustees and managements
internal control over financial reporting, as stated
in their report beginning on page 196 of this report.
The Trustees and Managements Evaluation of
Disclosure Controls and Procedures for the Royal
Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust
The Trustee and Shells Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and
procedures in respect of the Dividend Access Trust as
at December 31, 2007. Based on that evaluation, these
officers have concluded that the disclosure controls
and procedures of the Trust are effective.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 91
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has not been any change in the internal controls
over financial reporting of Shell or the Dividend
Access Trust that occurred during the period covered by
this report that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal
controls over financial reporting. The daily operations
of the Dividend Access Trust are administered on behalf
of Shell by Lloyds TSB Offshore Trust Company Limited,
an established trustee services company. Material
financial information of the Dividend Access Trust is
included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of
Shell and is therefore, subject to the same disclosure
controls and procedures of Shell. See Supplementary
Information Control of registrant (unaudited) and
the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust Financial
Statements for additional information.
FURTHER INFORMATION
The following information is available on
the Shell website www.shell.com/investor:
|
|
the terms of reference of the Audit Committee, Nomination and Succession Committee, Remuneration
Committee and Social Responsibility Committee explaining their roles and the authority the Board
delegates to them; |
|
|
the full list of matters reserved to the Board for decision; |
|
|
Shell General Business Principles; |
|
|
Shell Code of Conduct; |
|
|
Code of Ethics for Executive Directors and Senior
Financial Officers; and |
|
|
Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
92 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Directors Remuneration Report
This report outlines the remuneration policies for the
Chief Executive, the Chief Financial Officer, and
Executive Directors (collectively referred to as
Executive Directors), and for the Non-executive
Directors of Royal Dutch Shell (referred to otherwise
as the Company).
It also details the individual remuneration of the
Directors of Royal Dutch Shell for the year ended
December 31, 2007.
The report follows Schedule 7A of the Companies Act
1985, the UK Combined Code corporate governance
requirements on Directors remuneration and the UK
Listing Rules.
The Board has approved this report and it will be
presented to shareholders for approval at the
Annual General Meeting (AGM) on May 20, 2008.
This report contains the following sections:
|
|
The Remuneration Committee (REMCO); |
|
|
Executive Directors remuneration; |
|
|
Executive Directors contracts of service; and |
|
|
Non-executive Directors. |
|
|
Individual salary increases of between 4.2% and
8.8% were awarded to Executive Directors in 2007
varying by individual based on market-related
considerations (see page 95). |
|
|
2007 bonuses to the Chief Executive and
Executive Directors are 156% and 143% of base
salary, respectively. |
|
|
REMCO approved a revised target bonus level for
2008 of 150% of base salary for the Chief
Executive, with a maximum of 250%. |
|
|
2007 conditional awards under the Long-term
Incentive Plan (LTIP) were 2.4 times base salary
for the Chief Executive and 2.2 times base salary
for the other Executive Directors. |
|
|
REMCO approved amendments to these levels for
2008. The Chief Executives LTIP award has been
increased to 2.5 times base salary and the other
Executive Directors to 2.4 times base salary
(see page 97). |
|
|
As a result of Shells performance against its
peers during 20052007, 65% of the performance
shares awarded under the 2005 LTIP were released
(see page 97). |
|
|
At the 2008 AGM, shareholders will be asked to approve two resolutions for the adoption of
changes in award policy for the LTIP and Restricted Share Plan (RSP): |
|
1. |
|
raising the current
individual conditional award limit on LTIP awards from 2.5 times base salary to 4 times. |
|
2. |
|
allowing awards under the RSP to be made to
Executive Directors (see page 97). |
During 2007, Executive Directors received a total
compensation package as noted in the table below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen |
|
|
Malcolm |
|
|
Linda |
|
|
Rob |
|
|
Peter |
|
|
|
van der Veer |
|
|
Brinded |
|
|
Cook |
|
|
Routs |
|
|
Voser |
|
Earnings |
|
|
4,692,909 |
|
|
|
2,766,517 |
|
|
|
2,601,749 |
|
|
|
2,488,780 |
|
|
|
2,398,793 |
|
Release of LTIP awards |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
Release of Deferred
Bonus Plan awards |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
Share option gains |
|
|
389,564 |
|
|
|
300,352 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension benefits |
|
|
1,421,000 |
|
|
|
68,678 |
|
|
|
1,063,792 |
|
|
|
420,000 |
|
|
|
451,818 |
|
|
Total compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in euro |
|
|
6,503,473 |
|
|
|
3,135,547 |
|
|
|
3,665,541 |
|
|
|
2,908,780 |
|
|
|
2,850,611 |
|
|
in US dollar |
|
|
8,963,732 |
|
|
|
4,321,722 |
|
|
|
5,052,213 |
|
|
|
4,009,170 |
|
|
|
3,928,995 |
|
|
in sterling |
|
|
4,473,283 |
|
|
|
2,156,723 |
|
|
|
2,521,269 |
|
|
|
2,000,746 |
|
|
|
1,960,735 |
|
|
Details of each of the figures can be found in the pages that follow.
As chairman of the Remuneration Committee, I am pleased
to present to you the Directors Remuneration Report of
Royal Dutch Shell.
The Remuneration Committee is continuously considering
the competitiveness and effectiveness of Shells pay
packages. From our review this year and through
discussions with our major shareholders, we have
concluded that the plan design continues as is but
remains under review. The LTIP and Deferred Bonus Plan
(DBP) performance measure therefore stays as is:
relative TSR measured against a peer group of oil
majors. However, we are submitting two resolutions
concerning award policy to you for approval.
Firstly, we propose to increase the LTIP award limit to
four times base salary to ensure that packages can
remain competitive. In the immediate future, the Chief
Executives award level will be increased but awards to
the other Executive Directors will not be increased
beyond 2.5 times base salary at present market award
levels.
Secondly, in view of forthcoming changes to the Board
composition, we propose to extend participation in the
RSP to Executive Directors. Our strategy is capital
intensive and geared to the long term. Continuity is
therefore a key business concern. Ahead of the
retirement of Jeroen van der Veer and Rob Routs in the
coming months, it is appropriate to consider a
retention grant, maturing in three years, for the three
Executive Directors who remain.
Details of the proposals are covered in the relevant sections of this report.
Furthermore, the Committee wishes to distinguish the
pay of the Chief Executive more markedly from that of
other Executive Directors to reflect the
responsibilities of the position. The Committee has
therefore increased the target bonus for the Chief
Executive to 150% of base salary.
I look forward to meeting you at our AGM on May 20, 2008.
Sir Peter Job
Chairman of the Remuneration
Committee
March 11, 2008
Royal Dutch Shell plc 93
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT
The Remuneration Committee (REMCO)
CONSTITUTION
Aarnout Loudon retired as the chairman of REMCO on May
15, 2007. Sir Peter Job replaced him as chairman with
effect from May 16, 2007. REMCO is made up of two
independent Non-executive Directors and the Chairman
of the Board.
The current members are:
|
|
Sir Peter Job (Chairman); |
|
|
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard; and |
|
|
Jorma Ollila. |
In March 2008, it was agreed to appoint Dr Josef
Ackermann as a member of the Committee, a third
independent Non-executive Director,
with effect from the close of business of the 2008 AGM,
subject to his election as a Director of the Company at
the AGM.
See biographies on pages 80 and 81.
REMCO met six times in 2007, with attendance shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTOR |
|
ATTENDANCE |
|
Aarnout Loudon |
|
|
2/2 |
|
Sir Peter Job |
|
|
6/6 |
|
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard |
|
|
6/6 |
|
Jorma Ollila |
|
|
4/4 |
|
|
RESPONSIBILITIES
REMCOs key responsibilities in respect of Executive Directors include:
|
|
agreeing performance frameworks, setting targets and reviewing performance; |
|
|
determining remuneration and benefits; and |
|
|
determining contractual terms. |
REMCO also keeps informed of remuneration issues and
employment conditions elsewhere in Shell. The
Committee periodically monitors remuneration for
senior executives to ensure alignment and consistency
with the Companys remuneration objectives.
REMCOs Terms of Reference are reviewed annually
and updated, where necessary. You can find them on
the Shell website www.shell.com/investor or you
can ask the Company Secretary for copies. See
inside back cover for details.
ADVISERS TO REMCO
During 2007, REMCO sought advice within Shell from Hugh
Mitchell, Human Resources Director and Secretary to the
Committee and from Michael Reiff, Head of Remuneration
and Benefits. Jeroen van der Veer, Chief Executive, was
invited by REMCO to provide further information to the
Committee on the Shell Scorecard, the remuneration of
senior executives, and the performance of the other
Executive Directors.
REMCO appointed no external remuneration consultants
during 2007. External market data and plan valuations
from Towers Perrin supported decision making.
94 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Executive Directors remuneration
OVERALL REMUNERATION PHILOSOPHY
The following principles underpin REMCO remuneration
policies and decisions for Executive Directors:
PAY FOR PERFORMANCE
The remuneration structures for Executive Directors
are designed to reward overall achievement of Shells
objectives, in a way which ensures that outstanding
leadership and results are significantly rewarded.
More than half an Executive Directors target total
direct compensation (excluding pension) is linked to
performance and weighted to the long term. This
proportion is consistent with market practice and the
long-term nature of Shells business.
2007 PAY MIX FOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
COMPETITIVENESS
REMCO sets competitive total remuneration levels to
attract and motivate talented individuals. These levels
are determined by reference to the practices of
companies of comparable size, complexity and global
scope. Pensions and other benefits are set in line with
local market practices due to the range of national
social security and tax regimes involved.
SHAREHOLDING
REMCO believes that Executive Directors should align
their long-term interests with those of shareholders
by holding shares.
CONSISTENCY
Shells base salary, annual bonus and long-term
incentive plans for Executive Directors are consistent
in structure and design with those for senior managers
of Shell.
COMPLIANCE
REMCO takes its decisions in the context of the Shell
General Business Principles. REMCO ensures compliance
with legal and corporate governance regulations in the
UK and US and with applicable laws when designing and
implementing policies and plans.
COMPENSATION
STRUCTURE
The Executive Directors compensation package is made
up of: base salary, annual bonus, long-term
incentives, i.e. LTIP and DBP awards, pension and
other benefits.
BASE SALARY
Base salary levels are set with reference to
appropriate market levels as benchmarked against a
comparator group comprising companies of comparable
size, complexity and scope. The current grouping
consists of the oil majors (BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil and
Total) and a selection of top European-based
companies, including a selection from the FTSE and
AEX[A]. The spread provides a balanced mix
across industry sectors and geography.
|
|
|
|
|
[A] Allianz |
|
Diageo |
|
Rio Tinto |
Anglo American |
|
E.ON |
|
Roche |
AstraZeneca |
|
GlaxoSmithKline |
|
Siemens |
AXA |
|
HSBC |
|
Unilever |
Barclays |
|
Nokia |
|
Vivendi |
BHP Billiton |
|
Novartis |
|
Vodafone |
Deutsche Bank |
|
Philips |
|
|
Base salary levels are set in euro. REMCO reviews and
adjusts these levels with effect from July 1 each year.
In 2007, REMCO endorsed base salary increases to
sustain competitive market positions, recognising
normal market movements. The current base salary levels
of the Chief Executive and the Executive Directors are
shown below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BASE SALARY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As at July 1, 2007 |
|
|
As at July 1, 2006 |
|
|
2007 euro increase |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
1,850,000 |
|
|
|
1,272,485 |
|
|
|
2,549,854 |
|
|
|
1,700,000 |
|
|
|
1,158,811 |
|
|
|
2,150,298 |
|
|
|
8.8 |
% |
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
1,120,000 |
|
|
|
770,369 |
|
|
|
1,543,695 |
|
|
|
1,075,000 |
|
|
|
732,778 |
|
|
|
1,359,747 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
% |
Linda Cook |
|
|
985,000 |
|
|
|
677,512 |
|
|
|
1,357,625 |
|
|
|
935,000 |
|
|
|
637,346 |
|
|
|
1,182,664 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
% |
Rob Routs |
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
687,830 |
|
|
|
1,378,299 |
|
|
|
955,000 |
|
|
|
650,979 |
|
|
|
1,207,962 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
% |
Peter Voser |
|
|
985,000 |
|
|
|
677,512 |
|
|
|
1,357,625 |
|
|
|
935,000 |
|
|
|
637,346 |
|
|
|
1,182,664 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
% |
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 95
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS REMUNERATION
ANNUAL BONUS
Executive Directors are eligible for an annual bonus
for achieving results that further Shells objectives.
The annual bonus is determined by performance against
the Shell Scorecard. This Scorecard has
financial, operational and sustainable development
targets, all set as part of Shells annual planning
process. The targets are stretching but realistic.
SHELL
SCORECARD COMPONENTS
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Primarily based on number of reported cases of
work-related injury, but also including other
Sustainable Development measures, details of which can
be found in the Shell Sustainability Report. |
At the end of the financial year, results are
translated into an overall score between a minimum of
zero and a maximum of two. Bonus awards are based on
this score multiplied by the target bonus level. REMCO
uses its judgement to make a final determination, which
for 2007 was 1.3.
The target level of the 2007 bonus was 120% of base
salary for the Chief Executive and 110% of base salary
for Executive Directors. The maximum bonus for the
Chief Executive and Executive Directors was 240% and
220%, respectively.
Taking into account the 2007 Shell Scorecard result,
REMCO determined that the annual bonuses payable for
2007 would be 156% of base salary for the Chief
Executive and 143% of base salary for the Executive
Directors.
For performance year 2008 the target annual bonus for
the Chief Executive has been set 150% with a maximum
award level of 250%. REMCO believes this change is
appropriate for competitive reasons as well as to
reflect the increased responsibility of this role.
REMCO intends to consider individual performance in
making annual bonus determinations in future.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 2007 EARNINGS
The following table shows the earnings of the
Executive Directors in office during 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS IN OFFICE DURING 2007 (This table has been audited) |
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Salary |
|
|
1,775,000 |
|
|
|
1,625,000 |
|
|
|
1,097,500 |
|
|
|
1,062,500 |
|
|
|
960,000 |
|
|
|
885,112 |
[A] |
|
|
977,500 |
|
|
|
940,000 |
|
|
|
960,000 |
|
|
|
892,500 |
|
Bonus[B] |
|
|
2,886,000 |
|
|
|
2,040,000 |
|
|
|
1,601,600 |
|
|
|
1,290,000 |
|
|
|
1,408,550 |
|
|
|
1,122,000 |
|
|
|
1,430,000 |
|
|
|
1,146,000 |
|
|
|
1,408,550 |
|
|
|
1,122,000 |
|
Cash benefits[C] |
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
15,840 |
|
|
|
7,500 |
|
|
|
8,340 |
|
|
|
154,674 |
|
|
|
173,814 |
|
|
|
43,100 |
|
|
|
42,903 |
|
|
|
22,219 |
|
|
|
16,428 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cash |
|
|
4,676,000 |
|
|
|
3,680,840 |
|
|
|
2,706,600 |
|
|
|
2,360,840 |
|
|
|
2,523,224 |
|
|
|
2,180,926 |
|
|
|
2,450,600 |
|
|
|
2,128,903 |
|
|
|
2,390,769 |
|
|
|
2,030,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Car benefit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,443 |
|
|
|
22,049 |
|
|
|
20,929 |
|
|
|
24,006 |
|
|
|
31,506 |
|
|
|
35,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other benefits[D] |
|
|
16,909 |
|
|
|
13,371 |
|
|
|
35,474 |
|
|
|
28,457 |
|
|
|
57,596 |
|
|
|
56,302 |
|
|
|
6,675 |
|
|
|
5,157 |
|
|
|
8,024 |
|
|
|
17,513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total in euro |
|
|
4,692,909 |
|
|
|
3,694,211 |
|
|
|
2,766,517 |
|
|
|
2,411,346 |
|
|
|
2,601,749 |
|
|
|
2,261,234 |
|
|
|
2,488,781 |
|
|
|
2,169,168 |
|
|
|
2,398,793 |
|
|
|
2,048,441 |
|
Total in US dollar |
|
|
6,468,233 |
|
|
|
4,672,739 |
|
|
|
3,813,088 |
|
|
|
3,050,066 |
|
|
|
3,585,989 |
|
|
|
2,860,192 |
|
|
|
3,430,284 |
|
|
|
2,743,740 |
|
|
|
3,306,254 |
|
|
|
2,591,035 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total in sterling |
|
|
3,227,923 |
|
|
|
2,518,173 |
|
|
|
1,902,893 |
|
|
|
1,643,703 |
|
|
|
1,789,561 |
|
|
|
1,541,378 |
|
|
|
1,711,857 |
|
|
|
1,478,621 |
|
|
|
1,649,961 |
|
|
|
1,396,327 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The 2006 salary was calculated from euro and US dollar allocations. The equivalent value would
have been 892,500. |
[B] |
|
The annual bonus figures are shown in the table in their related performance year and not in
the following year in which they are paid. (See also the Deferred Bonus Plan table on page 100). |
[C] |
|
Includes representation allowances, employer contributions to health insurance plan, school
fees, car allowances and tax compensation. |
[D] |
|
Comprises social security premiums paid by the employer as well as provisions for
company-provided transport for home to office commuting and exceptional use of the corporate
aircraft. |
The aggregate amount paid to or receivable by Executive Directors of Royal Dutch Shell and other
Shell companies for services in all capacities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 was
14,948,749 (2006: 12,584,400).
96 Royal Dutch Shell plc
This section covers two programmes currently in use,
namely: the
Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP) and the
Deferred Bonus Plan (DBP). Details are also given of
outstanding share options under a prior share option
plan, and REMCOs proposed change in the award policy of
the Restricted Share Plan (RSP).
Long-term incentives ensure a closer link between
Executive Directors pay and Shells performance compared
to its peers. REMCO continues to review long-term
incentive measures. To date relative Total Shareholder
Return (TSR) has been regarded as the performance test
that most closely aligns the interests of Executive
Directors with those of shareholders. REMCO assures
itself that the underlying performance of Shell is
satisfactory before releasing any conditional performance
shares to Executive Directors. TSR is calculated using a
90 calendar day average of share prices around the
beginning and end dates of the performance period.
Awards are subject to performance over a period of
three years, after which they are released if the
performance condition is met and if the participant
remains in employment during the performance period
(subject to certain exceptions, including retirement).
REMCO will retain discretion to adjust the level of
shares released when TSR outcomes are close. REMCO will
base such judgements on the achievement of the annual
Shell Scorecard targets excluding TSR over the
performance period and other performance measures it
deems appropriate.
REMCO approves award dates in advance, setting them to
the beginning of the next open period[A].
Grant prices, including previously issued stock options,
have at no time been set retroactively.
Although the rules of these long-term incentive plans
allow for dilution, existing share capital currently
funds these plans.
In response to a Dutch Corporate Income Tax rule
disallowing the tax deductibility of share-delivered
remuneration, REMCO approved a change in the delivery
mechanism of the long-term incentive and the deferred
bonus plans. For awards made after January 1, 2007
delivery will be in cash and not shares. The impact
will only be realised from 2010 when the first awards
under this change vest.
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN
Under the LTIP, an award of performance shares is
made conditionally once a year. Awards have a face value
of between zero and two and a half times base salary
where the face value of the conditional performance share
award is the number of shares multiplied by the share
price at the time of the award.
[A] |
|
On January 30, 2007, REMCO (as the delegated authority of the Royal Dutch Shell
Board) approved LTIP and DBP awards to be made on February 2, 2007, based on a market
price determined as the closing price on the day of the award. The number of shares
comprising the awards and the value of these awards was subsequently confirmed at its
meeting of March 6, 2007. For 2008, REMCO set the value for both LTIP and DBP awards on
January 29, 2008, for a grant date of February 1, 2008. |
The final value delivered to Executive Directors will
depend on the TSR performance of Royal Dutch Shell
relative to the other major
integrated oil companies. The current schedule is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
TSR RANK |
|
FINAL NUMBER OF PERFORMANCE SHARES |
|
|
|
1st |
|
2 x award |
2nd |
|
1.5 x award |
3rd |
|
0.8 x award |
4th or 5th |
|
Nil |
|
During 2007, the Chief Executive was made a
conditional award of performance shares under the LTIP
with a face value of 2.4 times his base salary. The other
Executive Directors were made a conditional award of
performance shares with a face value of 2.2 times their
base salary. The actual number of shares Executive
Directors will receive in 2010 will depend on the
Companys TSR performance over the period 2007 to 2009.
In 2005, Executive Directors were granted a conditional
award of performance shares under the LTIP. The
performance period was January 1, 2005 to December 31,
2007. Shell was ranked fourth but the difference with
third was narrow. REMCO exercised discretion and released
65% of the LTIP award, basing the judgement on the fact
that the Company exceeded targets set by the Board in the
annual scorecard for each of the years in question.
For more details see the Long-term Incentive Plan table on page 99.
For 2008, the level of the conditional performance
awards has been increased to reinforce an emphasis on
the longer term. For the Chief Executive this level
will be 2.5 times base salary and for the Executive
Directors 2.4 times base salary.
At the 2008 AGM, shareholders will be asked to approve
raising the individual limit for LTIP awards to four
times base salary. This will provide REMCO with the
necessary flexibility to award competitive long-term
incentive awards moving forward. REMCO would increase the
2009 award to the Chief Executive beyond the present
limit but has no plans at current market levels to
increase awards for the other Executive Directors.
RESTRICTED SHARE PLAN
Awards under the RSP are made on a highly selective
basis for retention and recruitment purposes. Shares are
subject to a restriction period of three years and are
released with the addition of dividend shares. To date
Executive Directors have not been eligible to participate
in the RSP.
Subject to shareholder approval at the AGM, REMCO intends
to use the RSP for Executive Directors. For 2008, it is
planned to make RSP awards to the three Executive
Directors who are not retiring over the next year, to
enhance retention ahead of the forthcoming Board
successions. The RSP awards have no performance conditions
and will vest in 2011, subject to the Executive Directors
continuous employment. REMCO will retain discretion to
reduce the vesting level should either business or
individual performance warrant review. The face value of
the awards will be one times base salary.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 97
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS REMUNERATION
DEFERRED BONUS PLAN
The DBP encourages share ownership by allowing
Executive Directors to invest part of their annual bonus
in Royal Dutch Shell shares.
Under the DBP, Executive Directors can choose to invest up
to 50% of their annual bonus in deferred bonus shares.
From the 2006 financial year, Executive Directors have
been required to defer a minimum of 25% of their bonus
into deferred bonus shares.
Any dividends payable on these deferred bonus shares are
accrued as dividend shares. Provided the Executive
Director remains employed by Shell for three years
following the year in which the bonus was earned, he or
she will receive one matching share for every four
deferred bonus and dividend shares. REMCO determined that
an element of guaranteed
share-matching remains
appropriate to encourage share ownership. Additional
performance-related matching shares can be earned
depending on the performance of the TSR of the Company
against the other major integrated oil companies
consistent with the LTIP as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUMBER OF PERFORMANCE-RELATED |
|
TSR RANK |
|
MATCHING AND DIVIDEND SHARES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(per every 4 deferred bonus shares) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st |
|
|
3 |
|
2nd |
|
|
2 |
|
3rd |
|
|
1 |
|
4th or 5th |
|
|
Nil |
|
|
The deferred bonus shares, dividend shares and
matching shares are released three years after the end of
the year in which the annual bonus was earned.
In February 2008, DBP awards were made to Executive
Directors, including additional matching shares. (See
also the Deferred Bonus Plan table on page 100 for
more details.)
In 2005, Executive Directors were granted conditional
awards of matching shares under the DBP. The performance
period was January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2007. Given
that the performance condition of the DBP is identical to
that of the 2005 LTIP award, REMCO decided in March 2008,
to release 65% of one performance-related matching share.
98 Royal Dutch Shell plc
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS LONG-TERM INCENTIVE INTERESTS
The tables below show the LTIP, the DBP, and the share option interests of the Executive
Directors in office during 2007. Awards under the LTIP for 2003 and 2004 did not vest and zero
shares were released.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN (This section of the table has been audited) |
|
|
These columns are not audited |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
Performance |
|
|
Dividend |
|
|
Market |
|
|
Additional |
|
|
Number of |
|
|
Value of |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Expected value of |
|
|
Theoretical gains |
|
|
|
number of |
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares |
|
|
price at |
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares at |
|
|
number of |
|
|
performance |
|
|
as at Dec 31, |
|
|
|
shares |
|
|
conditionally |
|
|
accumulated |
|
|
date of |
|
|
awarded/ |
|
|
released |
|
|
release |
|
|
shares under |
|
|
share
award[B] |
|
|
2007[C] |
|
|
|
under award |
|
|
awarded |
|
|
from grant |
|
|
award |
|
|
(lapsed) |
|
|
during the |
|
|
|
|
|
award as at |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as at Jan 1, |
|
|
during the |
|
|
date[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
during the |
|
|
year |
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Awards |
|
2007 |
|
|
year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
156,202 |
|
|
|
5,965 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
162,167 |
|
|
|
3,477,789 |
|
|
|
4,793,434 |
|
|
|
3,729,841 |
|
|
|
5,486,674 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
137,168 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,712 |
|
|
|
27.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
147,880 |
|
|
|
3,389,921 |
|
|
|
4,093,367 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
145,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,706 |
|
|
|
25.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
157,905 |
|
|
|
3,247,560 |
|
|
|
3,940,257 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2004 to 2006 |
|
|
126,422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,804 |
|
|
|
20.65 |
|
|
|
(140,226 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,436 |
|
|
|
3,072 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
83,508 |
|
|
|
1,790,882 |
|
|
|
2,468,372 |
|
|
|
1,920,684 |
|
|
|
2,825,366 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
75,036 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,860 |
|
|
|
27.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,896 |
|
|
|
1,854,413 |
|
|
|
2,239,224 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
79,430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,950 |
|
|
|
25.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86,380 |
|
|
|
1,776,555 |
|
|
|
2,155,490 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2004 to 2006 |
|
|
87,188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,520 |
|
|
|
20.65 |
|
|
|
(96,708 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
78,751 |
|
|
|
3,007 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
81,758 |
|
|
|
1,753,366 |
|
|
|
2,416,664 |
|
|
|
1,880,434 |
|
|
|
2,766,158 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
68,952 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,385 |
|
|
|
27.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,337 |
|
|
|
1,704,055 |
|
|
|
2,057,665 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
72,989 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,387 |
|
|
|
25.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
79,376 |
|
|
|
1,632,510 |
|
|
|
1,980,721 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares |
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
91,730 |
|
|
|
3,449 |
|
|
|
17.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
95,179 |
|
|
|
1,334,714 |
|
|
|
2,673,878 |
|
|
|
1,591,393 |
|
|
|
3,177,375 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
81,191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,205 |
|
|
|
19.33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
87,396 |
|
|
|
1,430,167 |
|
|
|
2,541,836 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
87,381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,470 |
|
|
|
18.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,851 |
|
|
|
2,016,630 |
|
|
|
3,608,858 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
2004 to 2006 |
|
|
101,538 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,563 |
|
|
|
13.88 |
|
|
|
(112,101 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 to 2006 |
|
|
72,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,354 |
|
|
|
15.03 |
|
|
|
(78,852 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,378 |
|
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
68.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,865 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,283,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,752,666 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
34,798 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,654 |
|
|
|
64.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37,452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,057,686 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
36,507 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,129 |
|
|
|
63.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,636 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,980,721 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Dividend shares are performance related and accumulate each year at an assumed
notional LTIP award of 100% and dividend payment 100%. Where an award is made dividend
shares will be awarded as if shares where held from the original date. |
[B] |
|
The expected values of the conditional performance shares awards have been
calculated on the basis of a Monte Carlo pricing model provided by Towers Perrin.
Currently, the Monte Carlo model is considered the most appropriate way to value a plan
with a relative market condition. The expected value of the 2007 awards based on this
approach is equal to 85% of the face value of the conditional awards. |
[C] |
|
Theoretical gains represent the value of the conditional shares awarded in
previous years under the LTIP at the end of the financial year. This is calculated by
multiplying the fair market value of the shares of Royal Dutch Shell, at December 31,
2007, by the number of shares under the LTIP that would vest based on the achievement of
performance conditions as determined by TSR up to December 31, 2007. |
On January 29, 2008, REMCO decided that in 2008, the Chief Executive be made a conditional
award of performance shares under the LTIP with a face value of 2.5 times his base salary and the
other Executive Directors be made a conditional award of performance shares under the LTIP with a
face value of 2.4 times their base salary. On February 1, 2008 the following shares were awarded
conditionally:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of shares |
|
|
conditionally awarded |
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer[A]
|
|
|
|
192,949 |
Malcolm Brinded[B]
|
|
|
|
114,201 |
Linda Cook[C]
|
|
|
|
49,058 |
Rob Routs[A]
|
|
|
|
100,125 |
Peter Voser[A]
|
|
|
|
98,623 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares. |
[B] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares. |
[C] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ADRs. |
The 2005 award of conditional performance shares was made on August 5, 2005. The performance
period for these conditional performance shares was January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007. As a
result of Shells performance against its peers, REMCO determined on March 11, 2008, to release 65%
of these shares.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 99
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS REMUNERATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DEFERRED BONUS PLAN (This table has been audited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of |
|
|
Deferred bonus |
|
|
Matching shares |
|
|
Market price |
|
|
Dividend shares |
|
|
Performance- |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Value of |
|
|
Total number of |
|
|
|
shares under |
|
|
shares |
|
|
conditionally |
|
|
of deferred |
|
|
accrued during |
|
|
related |
|
|
released/ |
|
|
shares at |
|
|
shares under |
|
|
|
award as at |
|
|
awarded |
|
|
awarded |
|
|
bonus shares |
|
|
the
year[C] |
|
|
matching |
|
|
(lapsed) |
|
|
release |
|
|
award as at |
|
|
|
Jan 1, 2007 |
|
|
during |
|
|
during |
|
|
and matching |
|
|
|
|
|
|
shares |
|
|
during |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
Awards[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
the
year[B] |
|
|
the year |
|
|
shares at award |
|
|
|
|
|
|
released |
|
|
the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,050 |
|
|
|
9,762 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
1,864 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,676 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
45,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27.32 |
|
|
|
1,742 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,367 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
34,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.62 |
|
|
|
1,317 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,814 |
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,550 |
|
|
|
4,387 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
838 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,775 |
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,477 |
|
|
|
5,369 |
|
|
|
26.12 |
|
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,871 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
12,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27.32 |
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,986 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,017 |
|
|
|
6,254 |
|
|
|
17.07 |
|
|
|
1,176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,447 |
|
2006 to 2008 |
|
|
29,637 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19.54 |
|
|
|
1,114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30,751 |
|
2005 to 2007 |
|
|
22,546 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18.40 |
|
|
|
847 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,393 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 to 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,740 |
|
|
|
2,685 |
|
|
|
68.02 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,932 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Awards made in 2005 and 2006 refer to the portion of the 2004 and 2005 annual
bonus, respectively, which was deferred and the related accrued dividends and matching
shares. |
[B] |
|
Representing the proportion of the annual bonus that has been deferred and
converted into notional share entitlements (deferred bonus shares), in which there is no
beneficial ownership. The value of these deferred bonus shares is also included in the
annual bonus figures in the Earnings of Executive Directors table on page 96. |
[C] |
|
Representing dividends paid during the year on the number of shares equal to the
deferred bonus shares awarded, and also matching shares on those dividend shares. |
Deferred bonus share awards resulting from the deferral of their 2007 bonuses were made on
February 1, 2008. Jeroen van der Veer, Malcolm Brinded and Linda Cook elected to defer 50%, Rob
Routs 40% and Peter Voser 25% of their bonuses, respectively. These elections resulted in share
awards as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
Matching |
|
|
Total number of |
|
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares awarded |
|
Jeroen van der Veer[A] |
|
|
60,200 |
|
|
|
15,050 |
|
|
|
75,250 |
|
Malcolm Brinded[B] |
|
|
34,022 |
|
|
|
8,505 |
|
|
|
42,527 |
|
Linda Cook[C] |
|
|
14,615 |
|
|
|
3,653 |
|
|
|
18,268 |
|
Rob Routs[A] |
|
|
23,863 |
|
|
|
5,965 |
|
|
|
29,828 |
|
Peter Voser[A] |
|
|
14,690 |
|
|
|
3,672 |
|
|
|
18,362 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares. |
[B] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares. |
[C] |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ADRs. |
On March 11, 2008 REMCO released 65% of one performance-related matching share of the 2005 DBP
award.
100 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHARE OPTIONS (This table has been audited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At Jan 1, |
|
|
Number |
|
|
At Dec 31, |
|
|
Grant
price[A] |
|
|
Exercisable |
|
|
Expiry date |
|
|
Realisable gains, |
|
|
Realised gains on share |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
of options |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
from date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
as at Dec 31,
2007[B] |
|
|
options
exercised[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
exercised |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
during the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
41,700 |
|
|
|
(41,700 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
20.58 |
|
|
|
22.12.01 |
|
|
|
21.12.08 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
389,564 |
|
|
|
559,678 |
|
|
|
|
67,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67,500 |
|
|
|
29.77 |
|
|
|
23.03.03 |
|
|
|
22.03.10 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
|
31.30 |
|
|
|
26.03.04 |
|
|
|
25.03.11 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105,000 |
|
|
|
31.05 |
|
|
|
21.03.05 |
|
|
|
20.03.12 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
18.41 |
|
|
|
19.03.06 |
|
|
|
18.03.13 |
|
|
|
3,103,500 |
|
|
|
4,565,314 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
20.65 |
|
|
|
07.05.07 |
|
|
|
06.05.14 |
|
|
|
2,431,500 |
|
|
|
3,576,788 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
31.05 |
|
|
|
21.03.05 |
|
|
|
20.03.12 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
18.41 |
|
|
|
19.03.06 |
|
|
|
18.03.13 |
|
|
|
2,379,350 |
|
|
|
3,500,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
212,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
212,600 |
|
|
|
21.34 |
|
|
|
05.11.07 |
|
|
|
04.11.14 |
|
|
|
1,576,429 |
|
|
|
2,318,960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
36,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,000 |
|
|
|
29.77 |
|
|
|
23.03.03 |
|
|
|
22.03.10 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
31.05 |
|
|
|
21.03.05 |
|
|
|
20.03.12 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,800 |
|
|
|
18.41 |
|
|
|
19.03.06 |
|
|
|
18.03.13 |
|
|
|
1,022,086 |
|
|
|
1,503,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100,132 |
|
|
|
20.48 |
|
|
|
19.08.06 |
|
|
|
18.08.13 |
|
|
|
828,592 |
|
|
|
1,218,877 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
20.65 |
|
|
|
07.05.07 |
|
|
|
06.05.14 |
|
|
|
1,864,150 |
|
|
|
2,742,204 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
10,774 |
|
|
|
(10,774 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
15.28 |
|
|
|
11.12.00 |
|
|
|
10.12.07 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
54,533 |
|
|
|
113,609 |
|
|
|
|
39,996 |
|
|
|
(20,000 |
) |
|
|
19,996 |
|
|
|
12.63 |
|
|
|
22.12.01 |
|
|
|
21.12.08 |
|
|
|
165,298 |
|
|
|
330,035 |
|
|
|
154,132 |
|
|
|
321,102 |
|
|
|
|
52,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,797 |
|
|
|
17.58 |
|
|
|
23.03.03 |
|
|
|
22.03.10 |
|
|
|
175,528 |
|
|
|
350,459 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,022 |
|
|
|
19.59 |
|
|
|
13.11.03 |
|
|
|
12.11.10 |
|
|
|
5,253 |
|
|
|
10,488 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,968 |
|
|
|
19.21 |
|
|
|
26.03.04 |
|
|
|
25.03.11 |
|
|
|
67,500 |
|
|
|
134,770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
229,866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
229,866 |
|
|
|
13.89 |
|
|
|
07.05.07 |
|
|
|
06.05.14 |
|
|
|
1,612,205 |
|
|
|
3,218,930 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
229,866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
229,866 |
|
|
|
15.04 |
|
|
|
05.11.07 |
|
|
|
04.11.14 |
|
|
|
1,348,206 |
|
|
|
2,691,829 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Linda
Cook[D] |
|
|
45,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,000 |
|
|
|
52.08 |
|
|
|
01.03.01 |
|
|
|
01.03.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,445,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,175 |
|
|
|
56.34 |
|
|
|
21.04.01 |
|
|
|
21.04.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,596 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43,750 |
|
|
|
60.75 |
|
|
|
08.03.02 |
|
|
|
07.03.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,025,938 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
|
54.35 |
|
|
|
21.03.03 |
|
|
|
20.03.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,044,750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70,500 |
|
|
|
40.64 |
|
|
|
19.03.04 |
|
|
|
18.03.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,070,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The grant price is the average of the opening and closing share prices over a
period of five successive trading days prior to and including the day on which the options
are granted (not at a discount). |
|
[B] |
|
Represents the value of unexercised share options granted in previous years at the
end of the financial year, calculated by taking the difference between the grant price of
the option and the fair market value of the shares of Royal Dutch Shell at December 31,
2007, multiplied by the number of shares under option at December 31, 2007. The actual
gain realised, if any, will depend on the market price of the Royal Dutch Shell shares at
the time of exercise. |
|
[C] |
|
The market prices of share options exercised during 2007 by
Jeroen van der Veer and Malcolm Brinded were 29.92 and £20.34, respectively. |
|
[D] |
|
In addition to amounts reported in 2006 Linda Cook realised gains from cash-delivered Stock Appreciation Rights totalling $103,187 during 2006. |
Shell suspended share option grants in 2005 in favour of conditional share awards under the
LTIP and the DBP (see pages 97 and 98). The share options listed above relate to Royal Dutch Shell
shares and have a 10 year term.
The price range of the Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A shares listed at the Euronext Exchange during
the year was 23.72 to 31.35 and the market price at the
year end was 28.75. The price range of
the Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shares listed at the London Stock Exchange during the year was
£16.00 to £21.73 and the market price at year end was £20.90. The price range of the Royal Dutch
Shell plc Class A ADRs listed at the NYSE during the year was $62.71 to $88.31 and the market price
at year end was $84.20.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 101
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS REMUNERATION
ALL-EMPLOYEE SHARE SCHEMES
Executive Directors are not currently eligible to
participate in the Global Employee Share Purchase Plan or
in any of the all-employee share plans in their home
countries.
Executive Directors are expected to build up
shareholdings to the value of two times their base
salary over five years. Until the targets are met, they
are required to, in the course of the relevant year,
acquire shares to the value of at least 50% of the after
tax gain arising from any awards vesting from 2008
onwards pursuant to the Companys executive share
incentive plans. Once the targets have been met, they
are required to hold the shares and maintain that level
for the full period of their appointment as Executive
Directors. Executive Directors can build up personal
shareholdings through performance-related long-term and
deferred bonus plans and by use of personal funds.
You can find details of directors shareholdings on page 83.
The graphs below compare, on the basis required by
Schedule 7A of the Companies Act 1985, the TSR of Royal
Dutch Shell and that of the companies comprising the
Euronext 100 share index and the FTSE 100 share index.
The Board regards the Euronext 100 and the FTSE 100 share
indices as an appropriate broad market equity index for
comparison, as they are the leading market indices in
Royal Dutch Shells home markets.
HISTORICAL TSR PERFORMANCE OF ROYAL DUTCH SHELL plc CLASS A SHARES
Growth
in the value of a hypothetical 100 holding
[A] over five years and [B] since unification on July
20, 2005.
Euronext 100 comparison based on 30 trading day average values.
HISTORICAL TSR PERFORMANCE OF ROYAL DUTCH SHELL plc CLASS B SHARES
Growth in the value of a hypothetical £100 holding
[A] over five years and [B] since unification on July
20, 2005.
FTSE 100 comparison based on 30 trading day average values.
PENSION POLICY
Retirement benefit arrangements for Executive
Directors are based on local market practices. Cost,
affordability, sustainability, sharing of investment
risks and local legislation are taken into account in the
design and execution of these arrangements.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS PENSION PLANS
The Executive Directors participate in pension plans
that apply to employees from their base countries. Under these
arrangements only base salary is pensionable except in
relation to Linda Cook. In line with standard US market
practice, under the US plans Linda Cooks annual bonus is
also pensionable. Contribution rates for Executive
Directors are the same as for other employees under these
plans.
There is no mandatory retirement age for Executive
Directors. REMCO will agree retirement schedules with
Executive Directors to retire as appropriate to plan
effective executive leadership succession, taking into
account applicable legislation and the individuals
preferences.
102
Royal Dutch Shell plc
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS PENSION INTERESTS
During 2007, Jeroen van der Veer, Rob Routs, Malcolm
Brinded, Linda Cook and Peter Voser accrued retirement
benefits under defined benefit plans. In 2007, Linda Cook
also accrued retirement benefits under defined
contribution schemes. Executive Directors accrued pension
benefits during
2007 as detailed in the following table, which is stated
both in the local currency in which the interests are
accrued and in US dollars. The transfer values are
calculated using the cash equivalent transfer value
method in accordance with Actuarial Guidance Note 11
(GN11).
|
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|
|
PENSIONS (This table has been audited) |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Values in thousands |
|
Accrued pension |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued pension |
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
increase over the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
At Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Increase over the year |
|
|
(excluding inflation) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
Jeroen van
der
Veer[A] |
|
|
1,206.00 |
|
|
|
1,774.10 |
|
|
|
142.00 |
|
|
|
195.72 |
|
|
|
125.00 |
|
|
|
172.29 |
|
Rob
Routs[B] |
|
|
633.00 |
|
|
|
931.16 |
|
|
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
57.89 |
|
|
|
33.00 |
|
|
|
45.48 |
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
Malcolm
Brinded[C] |
|
|
485.56 |
|
|
|
969.46 |
|
|
|
23.38 |
|
|
|
46.84 |
|
|
|
3.51 |
|
|
|
7.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda
Cook[D] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,029.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
240.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
206.43 |
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter
Voser[E] |
|
|
700.80 |
|
|
|
621.96 |
|
|
|
87.60 |
|
|
|
73.36 |
|
|
|
76.56 |
|
|
|
64.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PENSIONS (This table has been audited) |
|
|
Values in thousands |
|
Transfer value of accrued benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in accrued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase over |
|
|
pension over the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the year less |
|
|
year (excluding inflation) |
|
|
|
At Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
At Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
Directors contribution |
|
|
less Directors contribution |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
Jeroen van
der
Veer[A] |
|
|
18,174.00 |
|
|
|
26,734.34 |
|
|
|
15,757.00 |
|
|
|
20,739.71 |
|
|
|
2,279.00 |
|
|
|
3,141.14 |
|
|
|
1,421.00 |
|
|
|
1,958.56 |
|
Rob
Routs[B] |
|
|
9,574.00 |
|
|
|
14,083.56 |
|
|
|
8,543.00 |
|
|
|
11,244.48 |
|
|
|
958.00 |
|
|
|
1,320.41 |
|
|
|
420.00 |
|
|
|
578.89 |
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
Malcolm
Brinded[C] |
|
|
12,623.70 |
|
|
|
25,204.48 |
|
|
|
11,707.60 |
[F] |
|
|
22,958.60 |
|
|
|
872.20 |
|
|
|
1,747.31 |
|
|
|
47.20 |
[G] |
|
|
94.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linda
Cook[D] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,936.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,566.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,370.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,189.85 |
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter
Voser[E] |
|
|
7,465.62 |
|
|
|
6,625.74 |
|
|
|
6,279.78 |
|
|
|
5,145.02 |
|
|
|
1,113.65 |
|
|
|
932.59 |
|
|
|
743.43 |
|
|
|
622.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The pension values for Jeroen van der Veer are based on a planned retirement date of June 30, 2009. |
|
[B] |
|
The pension values for Rob Routs are based on a planned retirement date of December 31, 2008. |
|
[C] |
|
Malcolm Brinded elected to have his benefits in the SCPF restricted to the
lifetime allowance with any excess provided from an unfunded defined benefit scheme, the
Shell Supplementary Pension Plan. This promise of delivery is contained within the
aggregate values presented in the table and is therefore not disclosed separately. |
|
[D] |
|
The company contributed $273,869 to the Shell Provident Fund for US employees and
the Senior Executive Group Deferral Plan, both of which are defined contribution plans.
Including this amount, Linda Cooks increase in accrued pension over the year is
1,063,792. |
|
[E] |
|
The transfer value funded in the Swiss pension fund equals CHF 6,006,885. It is
composed of the transfer value of the accrued pension covered in the pension fund (CHF
3,712,230) and the value of the savings account (CHF 2,294,655) which was created when the
salary was capped in 2006 by a change to the legal regulations. The balance of CHF
1,458,737 at December 31, 2007, will be delivered by an unfunded arrangement. |
|
|
|
The transfer value of Peter Vosers accrued pension over
the year is 451,858. |
|
[F] |
|
The assumed pension age for Malcolm Brinded has changed from 60 years and 3 months
to 58 years and 9 months to reflect the age at which he may elect to retire with a full
pension. Due to this change in assumption, the transfer value at the start of the year has
been adjusted by £946,700. The transfer value at December 31, 2006 shown in the 2006
Directors Remuneration Report was £10,760,900. |
|
[G] |
|
The increase in accrued pension over the year is attributable to a below inflation
salary increase. The equivalent value is 68,678. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc
103
DIRECTORS
REMUNERATION REPORT EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS REMUNERATION
BENEFITS AND PERQUISITES POLICY
Executive Directors occupational and other benefits
as well as perquisites are established in line with those
for senior executives and regular employees on the basis
of local market practices. Personal loans or guarantees
are not granted to Executive Directors. Executive
Directors expenses are audited internally and reviewed
by REMCO on a regular basis.
TARGET TOTAL DIRECT COMPENSATION
Target total direct compensation comprises base
salary, annual bonus and the expected value of long-term
incentives. It excludes pension, benefits and
perquisites. REMCO bases its policy and actual
remuneration decisions on target total direct
compensation levels that the Executive Directors are expected to
receive if the expected values of each incentive are
realised. The 2007 target total direct compensation
levels are shown in the table below.
These numbers are used only to assist decision making.
The actual amount of total compensation Executive
Directors will realise in any year will depend on the
Shell Scorecard performance in the year under review. It
will also depend on the performance and market price of
the Royal Dutch Shell shares at the time of release of
the LTIP and DBP awards at the end of the performance
period of these awards. However, REMCO endorses these
on-target levels of total direct compensation and the
underlying expected performance of Executive Directors.
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|
|
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|
|
TARGET TOTAL DIRECT COMPENSATION OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS IN OFFICE as at July 1, 2007 |
|
|
|
Base salary |
|
|
On-target bonus |
|
|
On-target LTIP |
|
|
On-target DBP |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Total $ |
|
|
Total £ |
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
1,850,000 |
|
|
|
2,220,000 |
|
|
|
3,800,000 |
|
|
|
600,000 |
|
|
|
8,470,000 |
|
|
|
11,650,000 |
|
|
|
5,850,000 |
|
Malcolm Brinded |
|
|
1,120,000 |
|
|
|
1,232,000 |
|
|
|
2,100,000 |
|
|
|
350,000 |
|
|
|
4,802,000 |
|
|
|
6,600,000 |
|
|
|
3,300,000 |
|
Linda Cook |
|
|
985,000 |
|
|
|
1,083,500 |
|
|
|
1,850,000 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
4,218,500 |
|
|
|
5,800,000 |
|
|
|
2,900,000 |
|
Rob Routs |
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,100,000 |
|
|
|
1,900,000 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
4,300,000 |
|
|
|
5,950,000 |
|
|
|
2,950,000 |
|
Peter Voser |
|
|
985,000 |
|
|
|
1,083,500 |
|
|
|
1,850,000 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
4,218,500 |
|
|
|
5,800,000 |
|
|
|
2,900,000 |
|
|
104
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Executive Directors contracts of service
Contracts for Executive Directors are governed by
Dutch law. The contracts contain terms and conditions
consistent with those of other Netherlands-based
senior executives. The contracts end by notice of
either party or automatically at retirement.
Standard Executive Director contracts do not contain
predetermined settlements for early termination. REMCO
will recommend terms and conditions for any situation
that arises where a severance payment is appropriate,
taking into consideration applicable law and corporate
governance provisions. Temporary severance arrangements
may be agreed to help the recruitment process if
Executive Directors are appointed from outside Shell.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS SERVICE CONTRACTS
Executive Directors do not have a contract of service
with the Company. Jeroen van der Veer, Malcolm Brinded,
Rob Routs and Peter Voser have employment contracts with
Shell Petroleum N.V. effective from July 20, 2005. Linda
Cooks contract is with Shell Expatriate Employment US
Inc. and was effective from August 1, 2005. Under Dutch
law, their contracts entitle them to the statutory notice
period that applies for employees in the Netherlands.
This is one month for an employee and up to a maximum of
four months for the employer, depending on the duration
of the employment contract concerned at the time of termination.
To provide stability and continuity within Shell and to
the downstream business strategy, Jeroen van der Veers
and Rob Routss contracts have been extended to June 30,
2009, and December 31, 2008, respectively. As is the case
with Rob Routs, Jeroen van der Veer will receive a lump
sum payment representing the net present value of the
difference in the pension accrued under the prevailing
pension fund rules and the amount which he would have
accrued by June 30, 2009, had he retired as originally
scheduled, at age 60. For the purpose of calculating the
transfer of benefits, the planned retirement date will
revert to age 60.
Peter Voser will stand for re-election at the AGM of
2008. Jeroen van der Veer is scheduled to stand for
re-election at the AGM of 2009 and Malcolm Brinded and
Linda Cook are scheduled to stand for re-election at the
AGM of 2010. During the year, retiring or past Executive
Directors did not receive any payments on termination.
The Board considers external appointments to be
valuable in broadening Executive Directors knowledge and
experience. The number of outside directorships is
generally limited to one. The Board must explicitly
approve such appointments. The Board approved a new
policy to allow Executive Directors to retain any cash
payments they receive from external board directorships
with effect from July 1, 2007. Prior to this Executive
Directors had been able to keep payments from external
directorships received in shares.
During 2007, in his capacity as a Non-executive
Director of Unilever, Jeroen van der Veer retained fees
in the amounts of 22,500 and £15,502 from Unilever
N.V. and Unilever plc, respectively.
During 2007, Peter Voser received compensation for his
services as a member of the Supervisory Board of UBS
AG. He received 600,000 Swiss francs, delivered in UBS
shares that vest over four years.
During 2007, Linda Cook received compensation for her
services as a Non-executive Director of The Boeing
Company in the form of deferred stock units at a value of
$205,000. This included a cash retainer of $75,000, which
she opted to defer. Under the rules of the deferred
compensation plan for Directors of Boeing, these deferred
stock units will not be distributed to her as Boeing
shares until after her retirement or other termination of
Boeing Board service.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
105
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT
Non-executive Directors
The Board determines the fees payable to
Non-executive Directors of Royal Dutch Shell, within a
limit specified by the Articles of Association. The
annual limit was set at £2,500,000. In 2007, the total
amount of fees payable to Royal Dutch Shell Non-executive
Directors was £1,360,678 ($2,726,578).
The Board reviews Non-executive Directors remuneration
levels periodically to ensure they are aligned with other
major listed companies. Adjustments will be made as
appropriate during 2008.
Personal loans or guarantees are not granted to Non-executive Directors.
From 2007, Non-executive Directors fees have been set in euro.
The 2007 fee level for the Chairman of the Board was
750,000. All Non-executive Directors of Royal Dutch
Shell were paid an annual fee of 105,000. The Senior
Independent Director, Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, received
an additional fee of 45,000.
Committee chairman and committee fees for 2007 and 2008
are shown in the table below. Non-executive Directors
were paid an additional fee of 4,500 for any Board
meeting involving intercontinental travel, although there
will be no payment for one meeting per year requiring
intercontinental travel, held in a location other than
The Hague.
Executive Directors of Royal Dutch Shell do not receive any Directors
fees.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ADDITIONAL ANNUAL COMMITTEE FEES OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS as at December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
Committee name |
|
Chairmans
fee[A] |
|
|
Members fee |
|
Audit Committee |
|
|
37,500 |
|
|
|
22,500 |
|
Remuneration Committee |
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
17,250 |
[B] |
Social Responsibility Committee |
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
17,250 |
|
Nomination and Succession Committee |
|
|
22,500 |
[B] |
|
|
12,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The chairman of a committee of the Board does not receive an additional fee for
membership of that committee. |
|
[B] |
|
Jorma Ollila receives no additional payments for chairing the Nomination and
Succession Committee and for being a member of the Remuneration Committee. He does have
the use of an apartment when on business in The Hague. |
The table below shows the earnings of the Non-executive Directors in office during 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS OF NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS OF ROYAL DUTCH SHELL IN OFFICE DURING 2007 (This table has been audited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Royal Dutch Shell Non-executive Directors |
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
Maarten van den Bergh |
|
|
84,087 |
|
|
|
122,250 |
|
|
|
168,497 |
|
|
|
77,858 |
|
|
|
114,219 |
|
|
|
144,473 |
|
Nina Henderson |
|
|
108,849 |
|
|
|
158,250 |
|
|
|
218,116 |
|
|
|
117,133 |
|
|
|
171,836 |
|
|
|
217,353 |
|
Sir Peter Job |
|
|
92,107 |
|
|
|
133,910 |
|
|
|
184,568 |
|
|
|
81,351 |
|
|
|
119,344 |
|
|
|
150,956 |
|
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard |
|
|
123,293 |
|
|
|
179,250 |
|
|
|
247,060 |
|
|
|
119,282 |
|
|
|
174,989 |
|
|
|
221,341 |
|
Wim
Kok[A] |
|
|
99,396 |
|
|
|
144,507 |
|
|
|
199,173 |
|
|
|
84,845 |
|
|
|
124,469 |
|
|
|
157,439 |
|
Nick Land |
|
|
88,303 |
|
|
|
128,379 |
|
|
|
176,944 |
|
|
|
42,725 |
|
|
|
62,679 |
|
|
|
79,281 |
|
Aarnout
Loudon[B] |
|
|
38,295 |
|
|
|
55,675 |
|
|
|
76,737 |
|
|
|
97,821 |
|
|
|
143,506 |
|
|
|
181,518 |
|
Christine Morin-Postel |
|
|
87,698 |
|
|
|
127,500 |
|
|
|
175,733 |
|
|
|
84,845 |
|
|
|
124,469 |
|
|
|
157,439 |
|
Jorma Ollila |
|
|
515,872 |
|
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
|
1,033,724 |
|
|
|
292,771 |
|
|
|
429,501 |
|
|
|
543,268 |
|
Lawrence Ricciardi |
|
|
122,778 |
|
|
|
178,500 |
|
|
|
246,026 |
|
|
|
115,867 |
|
|
|
169,979 |
|
|
|
215,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Includes a compulsory company contribution to Dutch medical insurance. |
|
[B] |
|
Aarnout Loudon retired from the Board of Royal Dutch Shell on May 15, 2007. |
106
Royal Dutch Shell plc
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS PENSION INTERESTS
Non-executive Directors do not accrue any retirement
benefits as a result of their Non-executive directorships
with the Company. During his service as an employee and a
Managing Director for Shell, Maarten van den Bergh
accrued retirement benefits under the Stichting Shell
Pensioenfonds
(SSPF) and the Shell Petroleum Company Limited Managing
Directors Pension Scheme[A], an unfunded
defined benefit plan. The values of his pension benefits
during 2007 are detailed in the following tables, which
are stated in euro and in US dollar. The transfer values
are calculated using the cash equivalent transfer value
method in accordance with GN11. Maarten van den Bergh
currently receives a pension from both these funds.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PENSIONS (This table has been audited) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued pension |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Increase over the year |
|
|
Increase over the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(excluding
inflation)[A] |
|
Values in thousands |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
Maarten van den Bergh |
|
|
670.32 |
|
|
|
986.06 |
|
|
|
12.95 |
|
|
|
17.84 |
|
|
|
0.16 |
|
|
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer value of accrued benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase over |
|
|
Increase in accrued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the year less |
|
|
pension over the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directors
contributions[B] |
|
|
year (excluding inflation) |
|
|
|
At Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
At Dec 31,
2006[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
less Directors
contributions[B] |
|
Values in thousands |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
Maarten van den Bergh |
|
|
9,897.02 |
|
|
|
14,558.73 |
|
|
|
10,216.40 |
|
|
|
13,447.05 |
|
|
|
(194.96 |
) |
|
|
(268.71 |
) |
|
|
(16.88 |
) |
|
|
(23.26 |
) |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The values relating to the Shell Petroleum Company Limited Managing Directors
Pension Scheme accrued in sterling and have been converted to euro at the corresponding
rate of exchange. These values include SSPF benefits which were not reported in prior
years. |
|
[B] |
|
The net increase in pension and transfer value excluding inflation are negative
due to the price inflation for the year being higher than the 3% pension increase granted
during the period. |
In accordance with the Combined Code (see also page
86), Non-executive Directors are appointed for
specified terms of office, subject to the provisions of
the Articles of Association regarding their election
and re-election at the Annual General Meetings. Sir
Peter Job and Lawrence Ricciardi will stand for
re-election at the AGM of 2008. Non-executive
Directors appointments are subject to three months
notice and there is no compensation provision for early
termination.
You can obtain a copy of the standard letter of
appointment for Non-executive Directors from the
Company Secretary.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND
SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Shell paid and/or accrued a total amount of
compensation of $36,524,815[A] (2006:
$21,576,166) for services in all capacities that
Directors and Senior Management of the Company provided
during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. In
addition the Company accrued a total amount of $7,075,010
(excluding inflation), to provide pension, retirement and
similar benefits for Directors and Senior Management
during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
You can find biographies of the Directors and Senior
Management on pages 80 to 81 and 175, respectively.
Signed on behalf of the Board
Michiel Brandjes
Company Secretary
March 12, 2008
|
|
|
[A] |
|
In 2007, the Board added four members to Senior Management (see Control of Registrants on page 175 for the full details). |
Royal Dutch Shell plc
107
Reports of the Independent Auditors
REPORT ON THE ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC
We have audited the Consolidated and Parent
Company Financial Statements (the Financial
Statements) of Royal Dutch Shell plc for the year ended
31 December, 2007. The Consolidated Financial Statements
comprise the Consolidated Statement of Income, the
Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of
Changes in Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash
Flows and the related Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. The Parent Company Financial Statements
comprise the Statement of Income, the Balance Sheet, the
Statement of Changes in Equity and the Statement of Cash
Flows and the related Notes to the Parent Company
Financial Statements. The Financial Statements have been
prepared under the accounting policies set out in the
respective notes to the Financial Statements. We have
also audited the information in the Directors
Remuneration Report that is described as having been
audited.
RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS AND AUDITORS
The directors responsibilities for preparing the
Annual Report, the Directors Remuneration Report and the
Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law
and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
as adopted by the European Union are set out in the
Statement of Directors Responsibilities.
Our responsibility is to audit the Financial Statements
and the part of the Directors Remuneration Report to be
audited in accordance with relevant legal and regulatory
requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK
and Ireland). This report, including the opinion, has
been prepared for and only for the Companys members as a
body in accordance with Section 235 of the Companies Act
1985 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving this
opinion, accept or assume responsibility for any other
purpose or to any other person to whom this report is
shown or into whose hands it may come save where
expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.
We report to you our opinion as to whether the Financial
Statements give a true and fair view and whether the
Financial Statements and the part of the Directors
Remuneration Report to be audited have been properly
prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and,
as regards the Consolidated Financial Statements, Article
4 of the IAS Regulation. We also report to you whether in
our opinion the information given in the Directors
Report is consistent with the Financial Statements. We
also report to you if, in our opinion, the company has
not kept proper accounting records, if we have not
received all the information and explanations we require
for our audit, or if information specified by law
regarding directors remuneration and other transactions
is not disclosed.
We review whether the Corporate Governance Statement
reflects Royal Dutch Shells compliance with the nine
provisions of the Combined Code 2006 specified for our
review by the Listing Rules of the Financial Services
Authority, and we report if it does not. We are not
required to consider whether the boards statements on
internal control cover all risks and controls, or form an
opinion on the effectiveness of Shells corporate
governance procedures or its risk and control procedures.
We read other information contained in the Annual Report
and consider whether it is consistent with the audited
Financial Statements. The other information comprises
only the Unification of Royal Dutch and Shell Transport,
Selected financial data, the Chairmans message, the
Chief Executives review, the Operating and Financial
Review, the Board of Royal Dutch Shell plc, the Report of
the Directors, the Corporate Governance Report, the
unaudited part of the
Directors Remuneration Report, the Supplementary
Information, the Additional shareholder information and
the Exhibits. We consider the implications for our report
if we become aware of any apparent misstatements or
material inconsistencies with the Financial Statements.
Our responsibilities do not extend to any other
information.
BASIS OF AUDIT OPINION
We conducted our audit in accordance with
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland)
issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes
examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the
amounts and disclosures in the Financial Statements and
the part of the Directors Remuneration Report to be
audited. It also includes an assessment of the
significant estimates and judgments made by the directors
in the preparation of the Financial Statements, and of
whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the
Shell groups and parent companys circumstances,
consistently applied and adequately disclosed.
We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all
the information and explanations which we considered
necessary in order to provide us with sufficient evidence
to give reasonable assurance that the Financial
Statements and the part of the Directors Remuneration
Report to be audited are free from material misstatement,
whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error.
In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall
adequacy of the presentation of information in the
Financial Statements and the part of the Directors
Remuneration Report to be audited.
OPINION
In our opinion:
|
|
the Financial Statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union, of the state
of the Shell groups and the parent companys affairs as at 31 December, 2007, and of the
Shell groups and the parent companys income, changes in equity and cash flows for the
year then ended; |
|
|
|
the Financial Statements and the part of the Directors Remuneration Report to be
audited have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and, as
regards the Consolidated Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation; and |
|
|
|
the information given in the Directors Report is consistent with the Financial
Statements. |
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
London
March 12, 2008
Notes
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The maintenance and integrity of the Royal Dutch Shell plc website is the
responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve
consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for
any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially
presented on the website.
|
|
[B] |
|
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. |
110 Royal Dutch Shell plc
REPORT ON THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 20-F
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF ROYAL
DUTCH SHELL PLC
In our opinion, the accompanying Consolidated
Statement of Income and the related Consolidated Balance
Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Royal
Dutch Shell plc and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2007,
and December 31, 2006, and the results of their operations
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board. Also, in our
opinion the Company maintained, in all material respects,
effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
COSO. The Companys management are responsible for these
financial statements, for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting and for its assessment of
the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting, included in the accompanying Corporate
Governance Report as set out on page 91. Our
responsibility is to express opinions on these financial
statements and on the Companys internal control over
financial reporting based on our audits which were
integrated audits in 2007 and 2006. We conducted our
audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audits to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement and whether
effective internal control over financial reporting was
maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the
financial statements included examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
Our audit of internal control over financial reporting
included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a
material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the
design and operating effectiveness of internal control
based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included
performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is
a process designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. A companys internal control over financial
reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable
detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions
and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures
of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorisations of management and directors of the
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorised
acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets
that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control
over financial reporting may not prevent or detect
misstatements. Also, projections of
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London
March 12, 2008
Note that the report set out above is included for
the purpose of Royal Dutch Shells Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2007 only and does not form part of Royal Dutch
Shells Annual Report and Accounts for 2007.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 111
Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements
112 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
355,782 |
|
|
|
318,845 |
|
|
|
306,731 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
296,697 |
|
|
|
262,989 |
|
|
|
252,622 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
59,085 |
|
|
|
55,856 |
|
|
|
54,109 |
|
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,621 |
|
|
|
16,616 |
|
|
|
15,482 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,712 |
|
|
|
1,562 |
|
|
|
1,286 |
|
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
8,234 |
|
|
|
6,671 |
|
|
|
7,123 |
|
Interest and other income |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2,698 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
|
|
1,171 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
1,149 |
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before taxation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,576 |
|
|
|
44,628 |
|
|
|
44,567 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
18,650 |
|
|
|
18,317 |
|
|
|
17,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,568 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(307) |
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to minority interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
950 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EARNINGS PER SHARE (See Note 34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
3.97 |
|
|
|
3.79 |
|
Continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
3.97 |
|
|
|
3.84 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99 |
|
|
|
3.95 |
|
|
|
3.78 |
|
Continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.99 |
|
|
|
3.95 |
|
|
|
3.83 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.05) |
|
The Notes on pages 117 to 161 are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 113
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
NOTES |
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
5,366 |
|
|
|
4,808 |
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
101,521 |
|
|
|
100,988 |
|
Investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
equity-accounted investments |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
29,153 |
|
|
|
20,740 |
|
financial assets |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
3,461 |
|
|
|
4,493 |
|
Deferred tax |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
3,253 |
|
|
|
2,968 |
|
Pre-paid pension costs |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
5,559 |
|
|
|
3,926 |
|
Other |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
5,760 |
|
|
|
5,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154,073 |
|
|
|
143,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
31,503 |
|
|
|
23,215 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
74,238 |
|
|
|
59,668 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
9,656 |
|
|
|
9,002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115,397 |
|
|
|
91,885 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
269,470 |
|
|
|
235,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
12,363 |
|
|
|
9,713 |
|
Deferred tax |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
13,039 |
|
|
|
13,094 |
|
Retirement benefit obligations |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
6,165 |
|
|
|
6,096 |
|
Other provisions |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
13,658 |
|
|
|
10,355 |
|
Other |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
3,893 |
|
|
|
4,325 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49,118 |
|
|
|
43,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
5,736 |
|
|
|
6,060 |
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
75,697 |
|
|
|
62,556 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
9,733 |
|
|
|
6,021 |
|
Retirement benefit obligations |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
Other provisions |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
2,792 |
|
|
|
1,792 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94,384 |
|
|
|
76,748 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
143,502 |
|
|
|
120,331 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary share capital |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
Treasury shares |
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
(2,392 |
) |
|
|
(3,316 |
) |
Other reserves |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
14,148 |
|
|
|
8,820 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
111,668 |
|
|
|
99,677 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
123,960 |
|
|
|
105,726 |
|
Minority interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,008 |
|
|
|
9,219 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
125,968 |
|
|
|
114,945 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
269,470 |
|
|
|
235,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Peter Voser
|
Peter Voser |
Chief Financial Officer, for and on behalf of the Board of Directors |
|
March 12, 2008
The Notes on pages 117 to 161 are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
114
Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
Equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
Ordinary |
|
Treasury |
|
Other |
|
Retained |
|
|
|
|
|
Minority |
|
Total |
|
|
|
share capital |
|
shares |
|
reserves[A] |
|
earnings |
|
Total |
|
interest |
|
equity |
|
|
At January 1, 2005 |
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
(4,187 |
) |
|
|
9,688 |
|
|
|
80,781 |
|
|
|
86,866 |
|
|
|
5,313 |
|
|
|
92,179 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
(4,335 |
) |
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
310 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(235 |
) |
|
Income/(expense)
recognised directly in
equity[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
(4,260 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
950 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
Total recognised income/(expense) for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
20,945 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
22,001 |
|
Capital contributions from minority shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
954 |
|
|
|
954 |
|
Effect of
Unification[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,929 |
) |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
(1,899 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(1,929 |
) |
Dividends
paid[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10,556 |
) |
|
|
(10,556 |
) |
|
|
(293 |
) |
|
|
(10,849 |
) |
Treasury shares: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
378 |
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(4,988 |
) |
|
|
(4,988 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,988 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
At December 31, 2005 |
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
(3,809 |
) |
|
|
3,584 |
|
|
|
90,578 |
|
|
|
90,924 |
|
|
|
7,000 |
|
|
|
97,924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
3,746 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
813 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
813 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
813 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
Income/(expense)
recognised directly in
equity[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,671 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,671 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
4,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
Total recognised income/(expense) for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,671 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
30,113 |
|
|
|
907 |
|
|
|
31,020 |
|
Capital contributions from minority shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,601 |
|
|
|
1,601 |
|
Effect of
Unification[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
Dividends
paid[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
|
|
(289 |
) |
|
|
(8,431 |
) |
Treasury shares: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
493 |
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
(3,316 |
) |
|
|
8,820 |
|
|
|
99,677 |
|
|
|
105,726 |
|
|
|
9,219 |
|
|
|
114,945 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
5,417 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(341 |
) |
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
Income/(expense)
recognised directly in
equity[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,933 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
4,960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
Total recognised income/(expense) for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,933 |
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
36,264 |
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
36,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contributions from minority shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
Transactions
with minority
shareholders[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,473 |
) |
|
|
(5,473 |
) |
|
|
(8,378 |
) |
|
|
(13,851 |
) |
Dividends
paid[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
|
|
(203 |
) |
|
|
(9,204 |
) |
Treasury shares: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
924 |
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(4,866 |
) |
|
|
(4,866 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,866 |
) |
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
(2,392 |
) |
|
|
14,148 |
|
|
|
111,668 |
|
|
|
123,960 |
|
|
|
2,008 |
|
|
|
125,968 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
See Note 29. |
|
[B] |
|
See Note 30. |
|
[C] |
|
See Note 28. |
The Notes on pages 117 to 161 are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
115
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (see Note 31) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Cash flow from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
26,261 |
|
Adjustment for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current taxation |
|
|
20,076 |
|
|
|
17,338 |
|
|
|
19,435 |
|
Interest (income)/expense |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
716 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
13,180 |
|
|
|
12,615 |
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
(Profit)/loss on sale of assets |
|
|
(3,349 |
) |
|
|
(571 |
) |
|
|
(1,313 |
) |
Decrease/(increase) in net working capital |
|
|
(6,206 |
) |
|
|
(4,052 |
) |
|
|
(5,664 |
) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
(8,234 |
) |
|
|
(6,671 |
) |
|
|
(7,123 |
) |
Dividends received from equity-accounted investments |
|
|
6,955 |
|
|
|
5,488 |
|
|
|
6,709 |
|
Deferred taxation and other provisions |
|
|
(773 |
) |
|
|
1,833 |
|
|
|
(1,515 |
) |
Other |
|
|
(801 |
) |
|
|
(266 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities (pre-tax) |
|
|
53,324 |
|
|
|
52,741 |
|
|
|
49,356 |
|
Taxation paid |
|
|
(18,863 |
) |
|
|
(21,045 |
) |
|
|
(19,243 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities |
|
|
34,461 |
|
|
|
31,696 |
|
|
|
30,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
(24,576 |
) |
|
|
(22,922 |
) |
|
|
(15,904 |
) |
Investments in equity-accounted investments |
|
|
(1,852 |
) |
|
|
(851 |
) |
|
|
(705 |
) |
Proceeds
from sale of
assets[A] |
|
|
8,566 |
|
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
|
2,310 |
|
Proceeds from sale of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
1,012 |
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
4,313 |
|
Proceeds from sale of/(additions to) financial assets |
|
|
1,055 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
362 |
|
Interest received |
|
|
1,225 |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
863 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities |
|
|
(14,570 |
) |
|
|
(20,861 |
) |
|
|
(8,761 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase/(decrease) in debt with maturity period within three
months |
|
|
(455 |
) |
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
(956 |
) |
Other debt: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New borrowings |
|
|
4,565 |
|
|
|
4,263 |
|
|
|
2,130 |
|
Repayments |
|
|
(2,796 |
) |
|
|
(2,232 |
) |
|
|
(2,656 |
) |
Interest paid |
|
|
(1,235 |
) |
|
|
(1,296 |
) |
|
|
(1,124 |
) |
Change in
minority
interest[A] |
|
|
(6,757 |
) |
|
|
1,434 |
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
Net issue/(repurchase) of shares |
|
|
(4,387 |
) |
|
|
(8,047 |
) |
|
|
(4,988 |
) |
Dividends paid to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
|
|
(10,556 |
) |
Minority interest |
|
|
(203 |
) |
|
|
(289 |
) |
|
|
(293 |
) |
Payments to former Royal Dutch shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,651 |
) |
Treasury shares: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received |
|
|
876 |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities |
|
|
(19,393 |
) |
|
|
(13,741 |
) |
|
|
(18,573 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
(250 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
(2,728 |
) |
|
|
2,529 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 |
|
|
9,002 |
|
|
|
11,730 |
|
|
|
9,201 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 |
|
|
9,656 |
|
|
|
9,002 |
|
|
|
11,730 |
|
|
The Notes on pages 117 to 161 are an integral part of these Consolidated
Financial Statements.
116
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
In 2005, Royal Dutch Shell plc (Royal Dutch Shell) became the single parent company of Royal Dutch Petroleum
Company (Royal Dutch) and of Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited (previously known as The Shell Transport
and Trading Company, p.l.c.) (Shell Transport) the two former public parent companies of the Group (the
Unification). |
|
|
|
Immediately after the Unification each former Royal Dutch and Shell Transport shareholder who participated in the
Unification held the same economic interest in Royal Dutch Shell as the shareholder held in the Group immediately prior
to implementation of the Unification. Accordingly, the Unification has been accounted for using a carry-over basis of
the historical costs of the assets and liabilities of Royal Dutch, Shell Transport and the other companies comprising
the Group. |
|
|
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Royal Dutch Shell and its subsidiaries (collectively known as Shell or the
Shell group) have been prepared using the carry-over basis to account for the Unification and on the basis that the
resulting structure was in place throughout the periods presented. |
|
|
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1985,
Article 4 of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) Regulation and with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. As applied to Royal Dutch Shell, there are no material differences
with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). |
|
|
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. |
|
|
|
The accounting policies set out in Note 2 below have been consistently applied to all periods presented. Certain
pronouncements have been issued but are not yet required to be adopted; Note 2 discusses any which have been early
adopted in 2007 and any which may have a future impact on these policies but have not yet been adopted. |
|
|
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the
revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities and other derivative contracts. |
|
|
|
The preparation of financial information in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain accounting estimates. It
also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying Shells accounting policies. The key
accounting estimates and judgements are explained in Note 3 below. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
|
|
|
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on March 12, 2008. |
|
|
|
NATURE OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
|
The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in US dollars (dollars) and include the accounts of Royal
Dutch Shell and its subsidiaries, which are those companies in which it, either directly or indirectly, has control
either through a majority of the voting rights or the right to exercise a controlling influence or to obtain the
majority of the benefits and be exposed to the majority of the risks. |
|
|
|
NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SEGMENTAL REPORTING |
|
Shell is engaged in all principal aspects of the oil and natural gas industry, and also has interests in chemicals
and additional interests in power generation and renewable energy (chiefly in wind and advanced solar energy). Shell
conducts its business through six principal business segments, Exploration & Production, Gas & Power, Oil Sands, Oil
Products, Chemicals and Corporate. These activities are conducted in more than 110 countries and territories. With
effect from 2007, segment information is reported in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments, which has replaced IAS
14 Segment Reporting. IFRS 8 was not required to be adopted until 2009. |
|
|
|
REVENUE RECOGNITION |
|
Revenue from sales of oil, natural gas, chemicals and all other products is recognised when the significant risks
and rewards of ownership have been transferred, which is when title passes to the customer. In Exploration & Production,
Gas & Power and Oil Sands this generally occurs when product is physically transferred into a vessel, pipe or other
delivery mechanism. For sales by refining companies, it is either when product is placed onboard a vessel or offloaded
from the vessel, depending on the contractually agreed terms. For wholesale sales of oil products and chemicals it is
either at the point of delivery or the point of receipt, depending on contractual conditions. |
|
|
|
Revenue resulting from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which Shell has an interest with other
producers is recognised on the basis of Shells working interest (entitlement method). Gains and losses on derivative
contracts and the revenue and costs associated with other contracts which are classified as held for trading purposes
are reported on a net basis in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Purchase and sale of hydrocarbons under exchange
contracts that are necessary to obtain or reposition feedstock utilised in Shells refinery operations are shown net in
the Consolidated Statement of Income. Sales between subsidiaries, as disclosed in the segment information, are based on
prices generally equivalent to commercially available prices. |
|
|
|
Revenue is stated after deducting sales taxes, excise duties and similar levies. |
Royal
Dutch Shell plc 117
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
[A] Recognition in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Property, plant and equipment, including expenditure on major inspections, and intangible assets
are initially recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at cost where it is probable that they will generate future economic
benefits. This includes capitalisation of decommissioning and restoration costs associated with
provisions for asset retirement (see Provisions) and certain development costs (see Research
and development). Accounting for exploration costs is described separately below (Exploration
costs). Intangible assets include goodwill, capitalised software costs and trademarks. Interest
is capitalised, as an increase in property, plant and equipment, on major capital projects
during construction.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are subsequently recognised at cost less
accumulated depreciation (including any impairment).
[B] Depreciation, depletion and amortisation
Property, plant and equipment related to hydrocarbon production activities are depreciated on a
unit-of-production basis over the proved developed reserves of the field concerned (proven and
probable minable reserves in respect of oil sands extraction plants), except in the case of
assets whose useful life is shorter than the lifetime of the field, in which case the
straight-line method is applied. Rights and concessions are depleted on the unit-of-production
basis over the total proved reserves of the relevant area. Unproved properties are amortised as
required by particular circumstances. Other property, plant and equipment are generally
depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives which is generally 30
years for upgraders, 20 years for refineries and chemical plants and 15 years for retail service
station facilities, and major inspection costs are amortised over the estimated period before the
next planned major inspection (three to five years). Property, plant and equipment held under
finance leases are depreciated over the lease term.
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually. Other intangible assets are amortised on a
straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives (for periods up to 40 years).
[C] Impairment
Other than properties with no proved reserves (where the basis for carrying costs in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet is explained under Exploration costs), the carrying amounts of major
property, plant and equipment are reviewed for possible impairment annually, while all assets are
reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts for those
assets may not be recoverable. If assets are determined to be impaired, the carrying amounts of
those assets are written down to their recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less
costs to sell and value in use determined as the amount of estimated risk adjusted discounted
future cash flows. For this purpose, assets are grouped based on separately identifiable and
largely independent cash flows. Assets held for sale are recognised at the lower of the carrying
amount and fair value less cost to sell. No further provision for depreciation is charged on such
assets.
Estimates of future cash flows used in the evaluation for impairment of assets related to
hydrocarbon production are made using risk assessments on field and reservoir performance and
include outlooks on proved reserves and unproved volumes, which are then risk-weighted
utilising the results from projections of geological, production, recovery and economic
factors.
Impairments, except those related to goodwill, are reversed as applicable to the extent that the
events or circumstances that triggered the original impairment have changed.
Impairment charges and reversals are reported within depreciation, depletion and amortisation.
EXPLORATION COSTS
Shell follows the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and natural gas
exploration costs. Exploration costs are charged to income when incurred, except that
exploratory drilling costs are included in property, plant and equipment, pending determination
of proved reserves. Exploration wells that are more than 12 months old are expensed unless (a)
proved reserves are booked, or (b) (i) they have found commercially producible quantities of
reserves, and (ii) they are subject to further exploration or appraisal activity in that either
drilling of additional exploratory wells is under way or firmly planned for the near future or
other activities are being undertaken to sufficiently progress the assessing of reserves and the
economic and operating viability of the project.
ASSOCIATED COMPANIES AND JOINT VENTURES
Investments in companies over which Shell has the right to exercise significant influence
but not control are classified as associated companies and are accounted for on the equity
basis. Interests in jointly controlled entities are also recognised on the equity basis.
Interests in jointly controlled assets are recognised by including the Shell share of assets,
liabilities, income and expenses on a line-by-line basis.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at cost to Shell or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Such
cost is determined by the first-in first-out (FIFO) method and comprises direct purchase costs,
cost of production, transportation and manufacturing expenses and taxes.
118 Royal Dutch Shell plc
DEFERRED TAXATION
Deferred taxation is provided using the liability method of accounting for income taxes
based on provisions of enacted or substantively enacted laws at the balance sheet date.
Recognition is given to deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax
consequences of events that have been recognised in the Consolidated Financial Statements or in
the tax returns (temporary differences); deferred tax is not generally provided on initial
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that, at the time of the transaction,
affects neither accounting nor taxable profit.
Deferred tax assets are recognised where future recovery is probable. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are presented separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheet except where there is a
right of set-off within fiscal jurisdictions.
Deferred tax is not provided for taxes on possible future distributions of retained earnings of
subsidiaries and equity-accounted investments where the timing of the distribution can be
controlled and it is probable that the retained earnings will be reinvested by the companies
concerned.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
[A] Employee retirement plans
Retirement plans to which employees contribute and many non-contributory plans are generally
funded by payments to independent trusts. Where, due to local conditions, a plan is not funded,
a provision is made. Valuations of both funded and unfunded plans are carried out annually by
independent actuaries.
For plans which define the amount of pension benefit to be provided, pension cost primarily
represents the increase in actuarial present value of the obligation for pension benefits based
on employee service during the year and the interest on this obligation in respect of employee
service in previous years, net of the expected return on plan assets.
Shell recognises actuarial gains and losses using the corridor method. Under this method, to the
extent that any cumulative unrecognised actuarial gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the
present value of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, that portion
is recognised in income over the expected average remaining working lives of the employees
participating in the plan. Otherwise, the actuarial gain or loss is not recognised.
For plans where benefits depend solely on the amount contributed to the employees account and
the returns earned on investment of these contributions, pension cost is the amount of
contributions payable by subsidiaries for the period.
[B] Retirement benefits other than pensions
Some subsidiaries provide certain retirement healthcare and life insurance benefits to retirees,
the entitlement to which is
usually based on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a
minimum service period. These plans are not funded and a provision is made. Valuations of
benefits are carried out by independent actuaries.
The expected costs of retirement benefits other than pensions are accrued over the periods
employees render service to the Shell group. Shell recognises actuarial gains and losses using
the corridor method.
[C] Share-based compensation plans
The fair value of share-based compensation for equity-settled plans granted to employees is
recognised as an expense from the date of grant over the vesting period with a corresponding
increase directly in equity. The periodic change in the fair value of share-based compensation
for cash-settled plans (which are those with stock appreciation rights) is recognised as an
expense with a corresponding change in liabilities. The fair value of share-based compensation
for options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model and for performance shares
is estimated using a Monte Carlo pricing model.
LEASES
Agreements under which subsidiaries make payments to owners in return for the right to use
an asset for a period are accounted for as leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the
risks and rewards of ownership are recognised at the commencement of the lease term as finance
leases within property, plant and equipment and debt at the fair value of the leased asset or,
if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned
between interest expense and repayments of debt. All other leases are recorded as operating
leases and the costs are charged to income on a straight-line basis.
Royal
Dutch Shell plc 119
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS
[A] Financial assets
Investments: financial assets
Investments: financial assets comprise debt and equity securities and are classified as
held to maturity, of a trading nature or available-for-sale.
Fair value is based on market prices where available, otherwise it is calculated as the net present
value of expected future cash flows.
Securities held to maturity
Securities held to maturity are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable
transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortised cost.
Securities of a trading nature
Securities of a trading nature are carried at fair value with unrealised holding gains and losses
being included in income.
Available-for-sale securities
All other securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, other
than unquoted equity securities with no estimable fair value which are carried at cost, less
any impairment. Unrealised holding gains and losses other than impairments are taken directly
to equity, except for translation differences arising on foreign currency debt securities which
are taken to income. Upon sale or maturity, the net gains and losses are included in income.
Securities forming part of a portfolio which is required to be held long term are classified under
investments.
Interest on debt securities is accounted for in income by applying the effective interest
method. Dividends on equity securities are accounted for in income when receivable.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, and bank overdrafts where there
is a right of offset, together with commercial paper notes which have a maturity of three
months or less at date of acquisition.
Receivables
Receivables are recognised initially at fair value based on amounts exchanged and subsequently at
amortised cost less any impairment.
Where fair value is not applied subsequent to initial recognition but is required for disclosure
purposes, it is based on market prices where available, otherwise it is calculated as the net
present value of expected future cash flows.
[B] Financial liabilities
Debt and accounts payable are recognised initially at fair value based on amounts exchanged and
subsequently at amortised cost, except for fixed rate debt subject to fair value hedging.
Interest expense, other than interest capitalised, is accounted for in income using the effective
interest method.
Where fair value is not applied subsequent to initial recognition but is required for
disclosure purposes, it is based on market prices where available, otherwise it is calculated
as the net present value of expected future cash flows.
[C] Derivative contracts
Shell uses derivatives in the management of interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and
commodity price risk, and in the management of foreign currency cash balances. These derivative
contracts are recognised at fair value, generally using market prices; for commodity derivatives
where there is an absence of quoted prices, Shell utilises other valuation techniques requiring
the estimation of future prices and other variables, including volatility, price correlation and
market liquidity.
Those derivatives qualifying and designated as hedges are either: (i) a fair value hedge of
the change in fair value of a recognised asset or liability or an unrecognised firm commitment,
or (ii) a cash flow hedge of the change in cash flows to be received or paid relating to a
recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecasted transaction.
A change in the fair value of a hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge is taken to
income, together with the consequential adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item.
The effective portion of a change in fair value of a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge
is recognised directly in equity until the actual cash flow occurs, at which point it is
recognised in income; any ineffective portion is taken to income.
Subsidiaries document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well
as risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking hedge transactions. The
effectiveness of a hedge is also continually assessed and when it ceases, hedge accounting is
discontinued.
Gains and losses on derivatives not qualifying and designated as hedges, including forward sale
and purchase contracts for commodities in trading operations which may be settled by the
physical delivery or receipt of the commodity, are taken to income.
120
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Certain contracts to sell or purchase commodities are required to be recognised at fair
value, generally based on market prices (with gains and losses taken to income). These are
contracts which can be net settled or sales contracts containing volume optionality.
Certain embedded derivatives within contracts are required to be separated from their host
contract and recognised at fair value, generally based on market prices (with gains and
losses taken to income), if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative
are not closely related to that of the host contract.
PROVISIONS
Provisions are liabilities where the timing or amount of future expenditure is uncertain.
Provisions are recorded at the balance sheet date at the best estimate, using risk-adjusted
future cash flows, of the present value of the expenditure required to settle the present
obligation. Non-current amounts are discounted using the risk-free rate. Specific details for
decommissioning and restoration costs and environmental remediation are described below. The
carrying amount of provisions is regularly reviewed and adjusted for new facts or changes in law
or technology.
Provisions for decommissioning and restoration costs, which are primarily in respect of
hydrocarbon production facilities, are based on current requirements, technology and price
levels and the present value is calculated using amounts discounted over the useful economic
life of the assets. The liability is recognised (together with a corresponding amount as part of
the related property, plant and equipment) once an obligation (whether legal or constructive)
crystallises in the period when a reasonable estimate can be made. The effects of changes
resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate of the provision
are reflected on a prospective basis.
Provisions for environmental remediation resulting from ongoing or past operations or events are
recognised in the period in which an obligation, legal or constructive, to a third party arises
and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Measurement of liabilities is based on current legal
requirements and existing technology. Recognition of any joint and several liability is based
upon Shells best estimate of the final pro rata share of the liability. Liabilities are
determined independently of expected insurance recoveries. Recoveries are recognised and
reported as separate events and brought into account when virtually certain of realisation.
TREASURY SHARES
Shares in Royal Dutch Shell held by Shell employee share ownership trusts are not
included in assets but, after deducting dividends received, are reflected at cost as a
deduction from equity as treasury shares.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Development costs which are expected to generate probable future economic benefits are
capitalised as intangible assets. All other research and development expenditure is charged to
income as incurred, with the exception of that on buildings and major items of equipment which
have alternative use.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Discontinued operations comprise those activities which have been disposed of during the
period, or remain held for sale at period end, and represent a separate major line of business or
geographical area of operation which can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for
financial reporting purposes, from other activities of Shell.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a business combination are recognised at
their fair value at the date of the acquisition; the amount of the purchase consideration
above this value is reflected as goodwill.
ACQUISITIONS OF MINORITY INTEREST AND DISPOSALS WHILST RETAINING CONTROL
Acquisitions of minority interest in subsidiaries, and disposals of shares in
subsidiaries whilst retaining control, are accounted for as transactions within equity. The
difference between the purchase price/disposal proceeds and the relevant proportion of the
minority interest is reported in retained earnings as a movement in the Shell share of equity.
CURRENCY TRANSLATION
The dollar equivalents of exchange gains and losses arising as a result of foreign currency
transactions (including those in respect of intercompany balances unless related to transactions
of a long-term investment nature) are included in income within interest and other income or
within cost of sales where not related to financing.
On consolidation, assets and liabilities of non-dollar subsidiaries are translated to US dollars
at year-end rates of exchange, whilst their statements of income and cash flows are translated
at quarterly average rates. The resulting translation differences are taken directly to a
currency translation differences account within equity. Upon divestment or liquidation of an
entity, cumulative currency translation differences related to that entity are taken to income.
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS NOT YET ADOPTED
Certain accounting standards and interpretations are in issue which are not required to be
adopted until after 2007 and have not been early adopted by Shell. Those pronouncements which
may have a future impact on Shells accounting policies above or on the presentation of the
Consolidated Financial Statements, are the revised IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
issued in September 2007 and not required to be adopted by Shell until 2009, which will require
certain changes in presentation, and revised IFRS 3
Business Combinations and IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, both issued in
January 2008, and not required to be adopted by Shell until 2010, where the assessment is at an
early stage but which will only have an accounting impact for transactions after adoption.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
121
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3
KEY ACCOUNTING
ESTIMATES AND
JUDGEMENTS
In order to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS,
management of Shell has to make estimates and judgements. The matters described below are
considered to be the most important in understanding the judgements that are involved in
preparing these statements and the uncertainties that could impact the amounts reported in the
results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Shells accounting policies are
described in Note 2.
ESTIMATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES
Oil and gas reserves are key elements in Shells investment decision-making process which
is focused on generating value. They are also an important element in testing for impairment.
Changes in proved oil and gas reserves will also affect the standardised measure of discounted
cash flows and changes in proved oil and gas reserves, particularly proved developed reserves,
will affect unit-of-production depreciation charges to income.
Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural
gas liquids that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be
recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating
conditions, i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Proved developed
reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing
equipment and operating methods. Estimates of oil and gas reserves are inherently imprecise,
require the application of judgement and are subject to future revision. Accordingly, financial
and accounting measures (such as the standardised measure of discounted cash flows,
depreciation, depletion and amortisation charges, and decommissioning and restoration
provisions) that are based on proved reserves are also subject to change.
Proved reserves are estimated by reference to available reservoir and well information,
including production and pressure trends for producing reservoirs and, in some cases, subject to
definitional limits, to similar data from other producing reservoirs. Proved reserves estimates
are attributed to future development projects only where there is a significant commitment to
project funding and execution and for which applicable governmental and regulatory approvals
have been secured or are reasonably certain to be secured.
Furthermore, estimates of proved reserves only include volumes for which access to market is
assured with reasonable certainty. All proved reserves estimates are subject to revision, either
upward or downward, based on new information, such as from development drilling and production
activities or from changes in economic factors, including product prices, contract terms or
development plans. In general, changes in the technical maturity of hydrocarbon reserves
resulting from new information becoming available from development and production activities
have tended to be the most significant cause of annual revisions.
In general, estimates of reserves for undeveloped or partially developed fields are subject to
greater uncertainty over their future life than estimates of reserves for fields that are
substantially developed and depleted. As a field goes into production, the amount of proved
reserves will be subject to future revision once additional information becomes available
through, for example, the drilling of additional wells or the observation of long-term reservoir
performance under producing conditions. As those fields are further developed, new information
may lead to revisions.
Changes to Shells estimates of proved reserves, particularly proved developed reserves, also
affect the amount of depreciation, depletion and amortisation recorded in the Consolidated
Financial Statements for property, plant and equipment related to hydrocarbon production
activities. These changes can for example be the result of production and revisions. A reduction
in proved developed reserves will increase the rate of depreciation, depletion and amortisation
charges (assuming constant production) and reduce income.
Although the possibility exists for changes in reserves to have a critical effect on
depreciation, depletion and amortisation charges and, therefore, income, it is expected that in
the normal course of business the diversity of the Shell portfolio will constrain the likelihood
of this occurring.
ESTIMATION OF MINABLE OIL SANDS RESERVES
Proven and probable minable oil sands reserves are the estimated quantities that
geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in
future years from known deposits under existing economic and operating conditions. Minable oil
sands reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing facilities
with existing equipment and operating methods. Estimates of minable oil sands reserves are
inherently imprecise, require the application of judgement, and are subject to future revision.
Accordingly, financial and accounting measures (such as depreciation, depletion and amortisation
charges, and decommissioning and restoration provisions) that are based on minable oil sands
reserves are also subject to change.
Shells minable oil sands reserve estimates are based upon a detailed geological assessment
including drilling and laboratory testing. They also consider current mine plans, planned
operating life and regulatory requirements. The proven plus probable minable oil sands reserves
are within the development areas covered by approvals from the Alberta Provincial Governments
Energy Resources Conservation Board. The reserve estimates are based on actual barrels to be
shipped for processing at the expanded Scotford Upgrader.
Net proven and probable minable oil sands reserves are defined as reserves after the deduction
of royalty obligations to the Alberta Government. Under the Alberta Oil Sands Royalty Regulation
1997, royalties depend on project cash flows. Therefore the calculation of royalties depends on
price, production rates, capital costs and operating costs over the life of the development. The
price profile for the calculation of royalty barrels for 2007 is based on the average commodity
price taken over the last three years.
122
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Changes to Shells estimates of minable oil sands reserves also affect the amount of
depreciation, depletion and amortisation recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements for
property, plant and equipment related to oil sands production activities. These changes can for
example be the result of production and revisions. A reduction in minable oil sands reserves will
increase the rate of depreciation, depletion and amortisation charges (assuming constant
production) and reduce income.
EXPLORATION COSTS
Capitalised exploration drilling costs more than 12 months old are expensed unless (a)
proved reserves are booked, or (b) (i) they have found commercially producible quantities of
reserves and (ii) they are subject to further exploration or appraisal activity in that either
drilling of additional exploratory wells is under way or firmly planned for the near future or
other activities are being undertaken to sufficiently progress the assessing of reserves and
the economic and operating viability of the project. In making decisions about whether to
continue to capitalise exploration drilling costs for a period longer than 12 months, it is
necessary to make judgements about the satisfaction of each of these conditions. If there is a
change in one of these judgements in a subsequent period, then the related capitalised
exploration drilling costs would be expensed in that period, resulting in a charge to income.
Information on such costs is given in Note 12.
IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS
For oil and gas properties with no proved reserves, the capitalisation of exploration costs
and the basis for carrying those costs on the balance sheet are explained above. For other
properties, the carrying amounts of major property, plant and equipment are reviewed for possible
impairment annually, while all assets are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts for those assets may not be recoverable. If assets are
determined to be impaired the carrying amounts of those assets are written down to their
recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use
determined as the amount of estimated discounted future cash flows. For this purpose, assets are
grouped based on separately identifiable and largely independent cash flows. Impairments can also
occur when decisions are taken to dispose of assets. Impairments, except those relating to
goodwill, are reversed as applicable to the extent that the events or circumstances that
triggered the original impairment have changed.
Estimates of future cash flows are based on management estimates of future commodity prices,
market supply and demand, product margins and, in the case of oil and gas properties, the
expected future production volumes. Other factors that can lead to changes in estimates include
restructuring plans and variations in regulatory environments. Expected future production
volumes, which include both proved reserves as well as volumes that are expected to constitute
proved reserves in the future, are used for impairment testing because Shell believes this to be
the most appropriate indicator of expected future cash flows, used as a measure of value in use.
Estimates of future cash flows are risk-weighted to reflect expected cash flows and are
consistent with those used in subsidiaries business plans. A discount rate based on Shells
marginal cost of debt is used in impairment testing. Expected cash flows are then risk-adjusted
to reflect specific local circumstances or risks surrounding the cash flows. Shell reviews the
discount rate to be applied on an annual basis although it has been stable in recent years.
Asset impairments or their reversal will impact income, and amounts in 2007, 2006 and 2005 are
given in Note 12.
Shell has a portfolio of assets across a number of business lines and geographic regions. The
factors that influence estimated future cash flows from assets also vary depending on the nature
of the business activity in which those assets are used and geographical market conditions
impacting the businesses in which assets are used. This wide business and geographic spread is
such that it is not practicable to determine the likelihood or magnitude of impairments under
different sets of assumptions. The assumption on future oil prices tends to be stable because
Shell does not consider short-term increases or decreases in prices as being indicative of
long-term levels. At the end of 2007, the estimated oil and gas prices used for impairment
testing were lower than prices prevailing in the market at that time.
TAXATION
Tax provisions are recognised when it is considered probable (more likely than not) that
there will be a future outflow of funds to a taxing authority. In such cases, provision is made
for the amount that is expected to be settled, where this can be reasonably estimated. This
requires the application of judgement as to the ultimate outcome, which can change over time
depending on facts and circumstances. A change in estimate of the likelihood of a future outflow
and/or in the expected amount to be settled would result in a charge or credit to income in the
period in which the change occurs.
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent it is considered probable that those
assets will be recoverable. This involves an assessment of when those deferred tax assets are
likely to reverse, and a judgement as to whether or not there will be sufficient taxable
profits available to offset the tax assets when they do reverse. This requires assumptions
regarding future profitability and is therefore inherently uncertain. To the extent assumptions
regarding future profitability change, there can be an increase or decrease in the level of
deferred tax assets recognised which can result in a charge or credit in the period in which
the change occurs.
Tax provisions are based on enacted or substantively enacted laws. To the extent that these
change there would be a charge or credit to income both in the period of change, which would
include any impact on cumulative provisions, and in future periods.
Note 20 contains information on tax charges for 2007 and 2006, on the deferred tax assets
that are recognised, including periodic movements, and on the losses on which deferred tax is
not currently recognised.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
123
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT PLANS
Retirement plans are provided for regular employees of all major subsidiaries and
generally provide defined benefits
based on employees years of service and average/final pensionable remuneration. The plans
are typically structured as separate legal entities managed by trustees.
The amounts reported for Shells employee retirement plans are disclosed in Note 21 and are
calculated in accordance with IFRS. Under the IFRS methodology adopted by Shell (see Note 2
under Employee benefits), volatility in reported income is reduced as the methodology provides
for unexpected changes in the amount of plan assets and benefit obligations (actuarial gains and
losses) to be amortised over the average remaining employee work life rather than being
immediately recognised in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Shells disclosures of the
year-end marked-to-market values of plan assets and benefit obligations are subject to
significant volatility as market values change.
Local trustees manage the pension funds and set the required contributions from subsidiaries
based on independent actuarial valuation rather than the IFRS measures.
Pension benefit cost reported by Shell primarily represents the increase in actuarial present
value of the obligation for benefits based on employee service during the year and the interest
on the obligation in respect of employee service in previous years, net of the expected return
on plan assets. The calculations are sensitive to changes in the assumptions made regarding
future outcomes, the principal ones being in respect of changes in pensionable salaries,
demography (including mortality), the discount rate used to convert future cash flows to current
values and the long-term return on plan assets. Substantial judgement is required in determining
the assumptions. The assumptions used vary for the different plans but are determined under a
common process in consultation with independent actuaries and in the light of local conditions.
The weighted average values used by Shell are given in Note 21. The assumptions are reviewed
annually.
Assumptions for increases in pensionable salaries are based on historical outturns and
managements expectation. A change of one percentage point in the expected rate of increase for
pensionable salaries would result in a change in Shells projected benefit obligation of
approximately $2 billion and in Shells annual pension benefit cost of approximately $300
million (pre-tax). For 2007, there was a small rise in the assumption for pensionable salary
increases used to determine benefit obligations in respect of the UK plans, reflecting
market-related changes in the underlying inflation assumption for these plans.
Mortality assumptions are based on the latest available standard mortality tables for the
individual countries concerned.
The assumptions for each country are reviewed each year and are adjusted where necessary to
reflect changes in fund experience and actuarial recommendations. In 2007, mortality
assumptions were upgraded in a number of countries. This resulted in an increase in Shells
projected benefit obligation of approximately $700 million. The average total life expectancy
for males and females currently aged 60 years is, respectively, 85 years and 88 years. Shells
most substantial retirement benefit obligations are in the Netherlands, UK and USA and an
increase of 1 year in the life expectancy assumed for all plan members in these countries would
result in an increase in Shells projected benefit obligation of approximately $1 billion and
in Shells annual pension benefit cost of approximately $100 million (pre-tax).
Discount rates used to calculate year-end benefit obligations are based on prevailing long-term
AA corporate bond yields, chosen to match the duration of the relevant obligations. A change of
one percentage point in the discount rate would result in a change in Shells projected benefit
obligation of approximately $8.5 billion and in Shells annual pension benefit cost of
approximately $100 million (pre-tax). Long term AA corporate bond yields can be volatile. In
2007, AA corporate bond yields increased by 0.65% in the eurozone, by 0.90% in the UK and by
0.35% in the USA. These changes were reflected in the discount rates used.
Expected rates of return on plan assets are calculated based on a projection of real long-term
bond yields and an equity risk premium which are combined with local inflation assumptions and
applied to the actual asset mix of each plan. The amount of the expected return on plan assets
is calculated using the expected rate of return for the year and the fair value of assets at the
beginning of the year. A change of one percentage point in the expected rate of return on plan
assets would result in a change in Shells annual pension benefit cost of approximately $700
million (pre-tax). The actual return on plan assets is significantly dependent on investment
performance. Expected returns in 2007 were maintained at previous levels, approximately 7.1% on
average. In 2007, the actual return on plan assets of approximately 8.5% exceeded the expected
return by $1 billion, principally due to the stronger performance of equity investments during
the year.
The impact on Shells annual pension benefit cost of changes in assumptions described above,
excludes the effects of any amortisation of actuarial gains and losses resulting from such
changes, which would vary from year to year by fund depending on whether or not the cumulative
unrecognised actuarial gains and losses exceed the corridor (see Note 2). Any amounts outside
the corridor would be recognised in income over the expected average remaining employee working
lives for the relevant fund (the average of which across all funds is currently 13 years).
124
Royal Dutch Shell plc
PROVISIONS
Provisions are recognised for the future decommissioning and restoration of hydrocarbon production facilities and pipelines at the end
of their economic lives. The estimated cost is charged to income over the life of the proved developed reserves on a unit-of-production
basis. Changes in the estimates of costs to be incurred, proved developed reserves or in the rate of production will therefore impact
income, over the remaining economic life of oil and gas assets.
Other provisions are recognised in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past
operations or events which can be reasonably estimated. The timing of recognition requires the application of judgement to existing
facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change.
Estimates
of the amounts of provisions recognised are based on current legal and constructive requirements, technology and price levels. Because actual outflows can differ from estimates due to changes in laws, regulations, public expectations, technology, prices and
conditions, and can take place many years in the future, the carrying amounts of provisions are regularly reviewed and adjusted to take
account of such changes.
In relation to decommissioning and restoration costs, the estimated interest rate used in discounting the cash flows is reviewed at least
annually. The interest rate used to determine the balance sheet obligation at December 31, 2007, was 6%.
Information on provisions, including changes in 2007 and 2006, is given in Note 22.
As further described in Note 32, Shell is subject to claims and actions. The facts and circumstances relating to particular cases are
evaluated in determining whether it is probable that there will be a future outflow of funds and, once established, whether a provision
relating to a specific litigation is sufficient. Accordingly, significant management judgement relating to contingent liabilities is required
since the outcome of litigation is difficult to predict. Despite this uncertainty, actual payments related to litigation during the three
years ended December 31, 2007, have not been material to Shells financial condition or results of operations.
Notwithstanding the possibility of outcomes outside expected ranges, in recent years Shells experience has been that estimates used in
determining the appropriate levels of provisions have been materially adequate in anticipating actual outcomes.
A change in estimate of a recognised provision would result in a charge or credit to income in the period in which the change occurs
(with the exception of decommissioning and restoration costs as described above).
Revenue is stated after deducting sales taxes, excise duties and similar levies of $78,680 million in 2007, $70,929 million in 2006 and
$72,277 million in 2005.
5
INTEREST AND
OTHER INCOME
AND INTEREST
EXPENSE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
1,225 |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
863 |
|
Dividend income |
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
171 |
|
Other income |
|
|
1,262 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,698 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
|
|
1,171 |
|
|
Other income in 2007 mainly comprises gains on securities reclassified from equity
(see Note 29).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[B] INTEREST EXPENSE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Interest incurred |
|
|
1,235 |
|
|
|
1,296 |
|
|
|
1,124 |
|
Accretion expense (see Note 22) |
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
Less: interest capitalised |
|
|
(667 |
) |
|
|
(564 |
) |
|
|
(427 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
1,149 |
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of interest incurred eligible for
capitalisation in 2007 was 5.0% (2006: 4.0%; 2005: 3.0%).
Royal Dutch Shell plc
125
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6
EMPLOYEES,
DIRECTORS AND
SENIOR
MANAGEMENT
COMPENSATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] EMPLOYEE EMOLUMENTS |
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Remuneration |
|
|
10,021 |
|
|
|
8,827 |
|
|
|
8,286 |
|
Social law taxes |
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
Retirement benefits (see Note 21) |
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
|
768 |
|
Share-based compensation (see Note 27) |
|
|
589 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
11,562 |
|
|
|
10,744 |
|
|
|
10,111 |
|
|
In addition to the above emoluments, there were redundancy costs in 2007 of $397 million
(2006: $66 million; 2005: $109 million).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[B] AVERAGE
EMPLOYEE NUMBERS BY SEGMENT[A] |
|
|
thousands |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Oil Sands |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
Corporate |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
See Note 10[A] regarding changes in segments. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[C] DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Short-term
employee
benefits[A] |
|
|
27.6 |
|
|
|
15.9 |
|
|
|
14.4 |
|
Post-employment
benefits[B] |
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
4.3 |
|
Other
long-term
benefits[C] |
|
|
5.3 |
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
Share-based
payments[D] |
|
|
18.0 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
Realised gains on exercise of share options |
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
In addition to salaries and fees, this includes annual bonus (shown in the related
performance year and not in the following year in which they are paid), cash benefits, car
benefits, and other benefits such as medicare contributions and social law taxes. |
|
[B] |
|
The amounts contributed by the Shell group to pension funds. 2005 includes a
one-off payment of $ 2.6 million made on behalf of Peter Voser to the Shell Swiss
Expatriate Pension Fund. |
|
[C] |
|
The annual bonus deferred under the Deferred Bonus Plan. |
|
[D] |
|
Cost to the Shell group of Directors and Senior Management participation in share-based payment plans. |
There were five members of Senior Management in 2007 compared to one in 2006. In 2005,
Directors and Senior Management comprised the Executive and Non-executive Directors of Royal
Dutch Shell.
There were no termination benefits in 2007, 2006 and 2005.
Aggregate Directors emoluments in respect of qualifying services to Royal Dutch Shell are
$23.3 million (2006: $18.2 million; 2005: $7.9 million).
7
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
In 2007, $1,201 million (2006: $885 million; 2005: $588 million) was
charged to cost of sales in respect of research and development
costs.
126
Royal Dutch Shell plc
8
DEPRECIATION,
DEPLETION AND
AMORTISATION
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation charges are included within the following expense
headings in the Consolidated Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
11,898 |
|
|
|
11,275 |
|
|
|
10,384 |
|
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses |
|
|
1,189 |
|
|
|
1,176 |
|
|
|
1,472 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
13,180 |
|
|
|
12,615 |
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
|
9
DISCONTINUED
OPERATIONS
In 2005, discontinued operations comprise Basell, a Chemicals joint venture
entity (Shell interest 50%) reported on an equity-accounted basis, which was sold
in that year.
No Shell share of profit was reported in 2005 as the investment was held at estimated
fair value less costs to sell. The loss from discontinued operations of $307 million
comprises an additional impairment to reflect actual proceeds on sale. The impact on the
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is included in proceeds from sale of
equity-accounted investments.
With effect from 2007, segment information is reported in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating
Segments, which has replaced IAS 14 Segment Reporting.
[A] INFORMATION BY BUSINESS SEGMENT
With effect from 2007, wind and solar activities, which were previously reported within
Other industry segments, are reported within the Gas & Power segment and Oil Sands
activities, which were previously reported within the Exploration & Production segment, are
reported as a separate segment. Prior period financial statements have been reclassified
accordingly. During 2007, the hydrogen and
CO2 coordination activities were moved from Other industry segments to the Oil
Products segment and all other activities within Other industry segments are now reported within the Corporate segment.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
Exploration & |
|
|
Gas & |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
Power |
|
|
Sands |
|
|
Products |
|
|
Chemicals |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third party |
|
|
14,963 |
|
|
|
15,982 |
|
|
|
1,069 |
|
|
|
282,665 |
|
|
|
41,046 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
355,782 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
38,345 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
3,407 |
|
|
|
4,865 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
3,583 |
|
|
|
1,852 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,221 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
8,234 |
|
Interest and other income |
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
|
2,698 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(463 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(58 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(569 |
) |
|
|
(1,108 |
) |
Taxation |
|
|
(15,372 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
|
(3,113 |
) |
|
|
(396 |
) |
|
|
552 |
|
|
|
(18,650 |
) |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
582 |
|
|
|
10,439 |
|
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,387 |
|
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge |
|
|
9,432 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
2,440 |
|
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
161 |
|
|
|
13,180 |
|
of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
745 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets at December 31 |
|
|
78,184 |
|
|
|
40,432 |
|
|
|
7,388 |
|
|
|
113,158 |
|
|
|
17,692 |
|
|
|
12,616 |
|
|
|
269,470 |
|
Equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
11,017 |
|
|
|
6,155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,296 |
|
|
|
2,618 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
29,153 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
13,723 |
|
|
|
2,951 |
|
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
3,671 |
|
|
|
1,415 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
24,105 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc
127
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
Exploration & |
|
|
Gas & |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
Power |
|
|
Sands |
|
|
Products |
|
|
Chemicals |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third party |
|
|
16,750 |
|
|
|
16,035 |
|
|
|
1,159 |
|
|
|
248,581 |
|
|
|
36,306 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
318,845 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
35,796 |
|
|
|
1,303 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
2,728 |
|
|
|
4,444 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
3,075 |
|
|
|
1,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,712 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
6,671 |
|
Interest and other income |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(732 |
) |
|
|
(1,149 |
) |
Taxation |
|
|
(16,817 |
) |
|
|
(299 |
) |
|
|
(123 |
) |
|
|
(1,972 |
) |
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
1,013 |
|
|
|
(18,317 |
) |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
14,544 |
|
|
|
2,633 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
7,125 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and
amortisation charge |
|
|
8,836 |
|
|
|
284 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
2,580 |
|
|
|
668 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
12,615 |
|
of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets at December 31 |
|
|
76,264 |
|
|
|
43,474 |
|
|
|
4,920 |
|
|
|
84,783 |
|
|
|
15,229 |
|
|
|
10,606 |
|
|
|
235,276 |
|
Equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
6,595 |
|
|
|
4,315 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,242 |
|
|
|
2,454 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
20,740 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
15,773 |
|
|
|
2,009 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
3,363 |
|
|
|
821 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
23,096 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
Exploration & |
|
|
Gas & |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
Oil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
Power |
|
|
Sands |
|
|
Products |
|
|
Chemicals |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third party |
|
|
22,865 |
|
|
|
14,014 |
|
|
|
1,105 |
|
|
|
237,210 |
|
|
|
31,018 |
|
|
|
519 |
|
|
|
306,731 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
20,416 |
|
|
|
1,858 |
|
|
|
1,359 |
|
|
|
16,643 |
|
|
|
3,978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
4,112 |
|
|
|
1,007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,713 |
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
7,123 |
|
Interest and other income |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
226 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
1,171 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(308 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(698 |
) |
|
|
(1,068 |
) |
Taxation |
|
|
(14,523 |
) |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(3,408 |
) |
|
|
(335 |
) |
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
(17,999 |
) |
|
Income from continuing operations |
|
|
13,577 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
|
|
1,298 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
26,568 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
Income for the period |
|
|
13,577 |
|
|
|
1,378 |
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
9,982 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge |
|
|
8,098 |
|
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
2,622 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
11,981 |
|
of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
305 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets at December 31 |
|
|
63,801 |
|
|
|
48,905 |
|
|
|
4,175 |
|
|
|
74,987 |
|
|
|
14,443 |
|
|
|
13,205 |
|
|
|
219,516 |
|
Equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
5,152 |
|
|
|
3,164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,173 |
|
|
|
2,330 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
16,905 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
10,584 |
|
|
|
1,573 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
2,810 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
15,916 |
|
|
128
Royal Dutch Shell plc
[B] INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
USA |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
Total |
|
Third party revenue |
|
|
148,465 |
|
|
|
90,141 |
|
|
|
87,548 |
|
|
|
29,628 |
|
|
|
355,782 |
|
Intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and
equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
36,673 |
|
|
|
49,911 |
|
|
|
27,606 |
|
|
|
21,850 |
|
|
|
136,040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
USA |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
Total |
|
Third party revenue |
|
|
136,307 |
|
|
|
76,898 |
|
|
|
80,974 |
|
|
|
24,666 |
|
|
|
318,845 |
|
Intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and
equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
33,537 |
|
|
|
50,167 |
|
|
|
26,297 |
|
|
|
16,535 |
|
|
|
126,536 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
USA |
|
|
Hemisphere |
|
|
Total |
|
Third party revenue |
|
|
122,684 |
|
|
|
61,388 |
|
|
|
101,308 |
|
|
|
21,351 |
|
|
|
306,731 |
|
Intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and
equity-accounted investments at December 31 |
|
|
28,801 |
|
|
|
42,258 |
|
|
|
25,515 |
|
|
|
12,239 |
|
|
|
108,813 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc
129
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2007 |
|
|
2,953 |
|
|
|
3,641 |
|
|
|
6,594 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
251 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
3,181 |
|
|
|
4,299 |
|
|
|
7,480 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2007 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1,766 |
|
|
|
1,786 |
|
Charge for the year |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
(76 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
2,096 |
|
|
|
2,114 |
|
|
Net book amount at December 31, 2007 |
|
|
3,163 |
|
|
|
2,203 |
|
|
|
5,366 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
2,701 |
|
|
|
3,145 |
|
|
|
5,846 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
219 |
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
2,953 |
|
|
|
3,641 |
|
|
|
6,594 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1,479 |
|
|
|
1,496 |
|
Charge for the year |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(76 |
) |
|
|
(76 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1,766 |
|
|
|
1,786 |
|
|
Net book amount at December 31, 2006 |
|
|
2,933 |
|
|
|
1,875 |
|
|
|
4,808 |
|
|
Goodwill relates primarily to the acquisition in 2002 of Pennzoil-Quaker State, which is
in the Oil Products segment. In 2007, this goodwill of $2,096 million was tested for
impairment on a value-in-use basis utilising a 6% nominal discount rate, an average 2.0%
inflation rate and a 20-year forecast of risk-adjusted cash flow projections based on past
experience and future expectations of volume, margins and cost which had been approved by
management covering a five year period. Cash flows beyond the five year period were assumed
to have a growth rate equal to the US inflation rate. A sensitivity analysis was performed
by reducing the risk-adjusted cash flow projections (decrease in volumes, margins, and
increase in costs) by 10% which did not lead to an impairment of goodwill.
130
Royal Dutch Shell plc
12
PROPERTY,
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2007 |
|
|
141,652 |
|
|
|
44,257 |
|
|
|
5,028 |
|
|
|
28,239 |
|
|
|
219,176 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
18,160 |
|
|
|
3,140 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
2,319 |
|
|
|
23,723 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
(16,334 |
) |
|
|
(2,111 |
) |
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
(2,162 |
) |
|
|
(20,858 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
7,262 |
|
|
|
3,187 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
2,546 |
|
|
|
13,237 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
150,740 |
|
|
|
48,473 |
|
|
|
5,123 |
|
|
|
30,942 |
|
|
|
235,278 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2007 |
|
|
74,434 |
|
|
|
25,798 |
|
|
|
2,156 |
|
|
|
15,800 |
|
|
|
118,188 |
|
Charge for the year |
|
|
9,653 |
|
|
|
1,761 |
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
|
1,234 |
|
|
|
12,858 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
(1,516 |
) |
|
|
(1,139 |
) |
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
(1,572 |
) |
|
|
(4,321 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
3,444 |
|
|
|
1,978 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
1,452 |
|
|
|
7,032 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
86,015 |
|
|
|
28,398 |
|
|
|
2,430 |
|
|
|
16,914 |
|
|
|
133,757 |
|
|
Net book amount at December 31, 2007 |
|
|
64,725 |
|
|
|
20,075 |
|
|
|
2,693 |
|
|
|
14,028 |
|
|
|
101,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
117,841 |
|
|
|
40,157 |
|
|
|
4,921 |
|
|
|
27,890 |
|
|
|
190,809 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
17,892 |
|
|
|
2,331 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
2,249 |
|
|
|
22,558 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
311 |
|
|
|
(617 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
(3,763 |
) |
|
|
(4,208 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
5,608 |
|
|
|
2,386 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
|
10,017 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
141,652 |
|
|
|
44,257 |
|
|
|
5,028 |
|
|
|
28,239 |
|
|
|
219,176 |
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
63,297 |
|
|
|
22,760 |
|
|
|
1,967 |
|
|
|
15,227 |
|
|
|
103,251 |
|
Charge for the year |
|
|
9,084 |
|
|
|
1,776 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
1,259 |
|
|
|
12,330 |
|
Sales, retirements and other movements |
|
|
(1,913 |
) |
|
|
(280 |
) |
|
|
(131 |
) |
|
|
(1,821 |
) |
|
|
(4,145 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
3,966 |
|
|
|
1,542 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
1,135 |
|
|
|
6,752 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
74,434 |
|
|
|
25,798 |
|
|
|
2,156 |
|
|
|
15,800 |
|
|
|
118,188 |
|
|
Net book amount at December 31, 2006 |
|
|
67,218 |
|
|
|
18,459 |
|
|
|
2,872 |
|
|
|
12,439 |
|
|
|
100,988 |
|
|
The net book amount at December 31, 2007, includes $20,691 million (2006: $25,908
million) of assets in the course of construction.
Oil and gas properties at December 31,
2007, include rights and concessions of $13,486 million (2006:
$13,177 million).
Contractual
commitments for capital expenditure at December 31, 2007, amounted to $8.4 billion (2006:
$11.4 billion).
Sales, retirements and other movements (net) in 2007 include $15.7 billion as a result
of the divestment of half of the interest in Sakhalin II (see Note 28).
Shell acquired BlackRock Ventures during 2006 for a total consideration of $2.2 billion. As
a result, the cost of property, plant and equipment within oil and gas properties increased
by $2.8 billion. Goodwill of $0.2 billion arose on this acquisition and is included in
intangible assets (Note 11).
Oil and gas properties comprise Exploration & Production, Gas & Power and Oil Sands activities.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
131
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge for the year includes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
741 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
283 |
|
Impairment reversals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
The net book amount at December 31 includes assets held under finance leases of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
3,388 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
4,656 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
1,375 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
1,734 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net book amount |
|
|
|
2,013 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
291 |
|
|
|
409 |
|
|
|
2,922 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing |
|
|
Transportation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil and gas |
|
|
and |
|
|
and |
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
properties |
|
|
processing |
|
|
storage |
|
|
and other |
|
|
Total |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
334 |
|
|
|
581 |
|
|
|
4,862 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
1,233 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
1,534 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net book amount |
|
|
|
2,398 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
3,328 |
|
|
|
|
|
132
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Exploration and evaluation assets, which mainly comprise unproved properties (rights
and concessions) and capitalised exploration drilling costs, included within the amounts
shown above for oil and gas properties are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
8,963 |
|
|
|
4,386 |
|
Capital expenditure |
|
|
2,947 |
|
|
|
4,649 |
|
Sales, retirements, currency translation differences and other movements |
|
|
(430 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
11,480 |
|
|
|
8,963 |
|
|
|
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
|
1,439 |
|
Charge for the year |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
Sales, retirements, currency translation differences and other movements |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
1,678 |
|
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
|
|
Net book amount at December 31 |
|
|
9,802 |
|
|
|
7,330 |
|
|
Capitalised exploration drilling costs are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CAPITALISED EXPLORATION DRILLING COSTS |
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,708 |
|
|
|
832 |
|
Capital expenditure (additions pending determination of proved reserves) |
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
1,182 |
|
Amounts charged to expense |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
) |
Reclassifications to productive wells on determination of proved reserves |
|
|
(593 |
) |
|
|
(228 |
) |
Other movements, including acquisitions, disposals and currency translation differences |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
1,708 |
|
|
There were $1,044 million exploration drilling costs at December 31, 2007, capitalised
for periods greater than one year, representing 136 wells. Information by year of expenditure
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
Number of wells |
|
2000 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
2001 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
2002 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
2003 |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
2004 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
2005 |
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
2006 |
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
These costs remain capitalised for more than one year because, for the related projects,
either (a) firm exploration/exploratory appraisal wells were executed in 2007 and/or are planned
in the near future, and/or (b) firm development activities are being progressed with a final
investment decision expected in the near future.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
133
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13
RELATED PARTIES:
ASSOCIATED
COMPANIES AND
JOINT VENTURES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] INFORMATION ON THE SHELL SHARE OF INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR BY THE EQUITY METHOD |
$ million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jointly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jointly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jointly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated |
|
|
controlled |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated |
|
|
controlled |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated |
|
|
controlled |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
companies |
|
|
entities |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
companies |
|
|
entities |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
companies |
|
|
entities |
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
26,638 |
|
|
|
43,971 |
|
|
|
70,609 |
|
|
|
|
25,532 |
|
|
|
36,201 |
|
|
|
61,733 |
|
|
|
|
21,393 |
|
|
|
36,172 |
|
|
|
57,565 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
|
|
22,047 |
|
|
|
31,508 |
|
|
|
53,555 |
|
|
|
|
22,127 |
|
|
|
23,760 |
|
|
|
45,887 |
|
|
|
|
18,063 |
|
|
|
22,824 |
|
|
|
40,887 |
|
Gross profit |
|
|
|
4,591 |
|
|
|
12,463 |
|
|
|
17,054 |
|
|
|
|
3,405 |
|
|
|
12,441 |
|
|
|
15,846 |
|
|
|
|
3,330 |
|
|
|
13,348 |
|
|
|
16,678 |
|
Other expenses (including taxation) |
|
|
|
2,106 |
|
|
|
6,714 |
|
|
|
8,820 |
|
|
|
|
1,460 |
|
|
|
7,715 |
|
|
|
9,175 |
|
|
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
8,200 |
|
|
|
9,555 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
2,485 |
|
|
|
5,749 |
|
|
|
8,234 |
|
|
|
|
1,945 |
|
|
|
4,726 |
|
|
|
6,671 |
|
|
|
|
1,975 |
|
|
|
5,148 |
|
|
|
7,123 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jointly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jointly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated |
|
|
controlled |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Associated |
|
|
controlled |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
companies |
|
|
entities |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
companies |
|
|
entities |
|
|
Total |
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
4,904 |
|
|
|
11,504 |
|
|
|
16,408 |
|
|
|
|
7,661 |
|
|
|
6,348 |
|
|
|
14,009 |
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
|
22,141 |
|
|
|
17,375 |
|
|
|
39,516 |
|
|
|
|
18,779 |
|
|
|
9,947 |
|
|
|
28,726 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
27,045 |
|
|
|
28,879 |
|
|
|
55,924 |
|
|
|
|
26,440 |
|
|
|
16,295 |
|
|
|
42,735 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
4,866 |
|
|
|
6,541 |
|
|
|
11,407 |
|
|
|
|
5,922 |
|
|
|
4,157 |
|
|
|
10,079 |
|
Non-current liabilities |
|
|
|
7,230 |
|
|
|
8,134 |
|
|
|
15,364 |
|
|
|
|
6,718 |
|
|
|
5,198 |
|
|
|
11,916 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
12,096 |
|
|
|
14,675 |
|
|
|
26,771 |
|
|
|
|
12,640 |
|
|
|
9,355 |
|
|
|
21,995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets less total liabilities |
|
|
|
14,949 |
|
|
|
14,204 |
|
|
|
29,153 |
|
|
|
|
13,800 |
|
|
|
6,940 |
|
|
|
20,740 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
|
13,558 |
|
|
|
14,189 |
|
|
|
27,747 |
|
|
|
|
12,445 |
|
|
|
6,937 |
|
|
|
19,382 |
|
Loans (of a long-term investment nature) |
|
|
|
1,391 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
1,406 |
|
|
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in associated companies increased by $3.7 billion during 2007 as a result
of the divestment of half of Shells interest in Sakhalin II and the resulting change in
classification to an associated company (see Note 28).
Income for 2005 for jointly controlled entities included gains of $1.7 billion from the disposal of
certain operations in the Netherlands.
At December 31, 2007, Shell had capital commitments of $5.5 billion (2006: $5.4 billion; 2005:
$3.7 billion) in respect of its joint ventures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[B] SHELLS MAJOR INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES AND JOINT VENTURES AT DECEMBER 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value[B] |
|
Segment |
|
Name |
|
Description |
|
|
incorporation |
|
|
Shell interest[A] |
|
|
($ million) |
|
Exploration & Production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aera |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
52 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brunei Shell |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Brunei |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAM |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sakhalin Energy |
|
Associated company |
|
Bermuda |
|
|
28 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Woodside |
|
Associated company |
|
Australia |
|
|
34 |
% |
|
|
10,462 |
|
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigeria LNG |
|
Associated company |
|
Nigeria |
|
|
26 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oman LNG |
|
Associated company |
|
Oman |
|
|
30 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
Oil Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deer Park |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Motiva |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia Refinery |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Showa Shell |
|
Associated company |
|
Japan |
|
|
35 |
% |
|
|
1,461 |
|
|
Chemicals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CNOOC and Shell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Petrochemicals (Nanhai) |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
China |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Infineum |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
The Netherlands |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Petrochemical |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
To the nearest whole number. |
|
[B] |
|
This represents the unit share price on December 31, 2007, multiplied by the number of
shares held by subsidiaries, for those associated companies which are listed on a recognised
stock exchange. |
All shareholdings in the above entities are in ordinary shares or the equivalent.
134
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Although Shell has a 52% investment in Aera, the governing agreements and constitutive
documents for this entity do not allow Shell to control this entity as voting control is either
split 50:50 between the shareholders or requires unanimous approval of the shareholders or their
representatives and, therefore, this entity has not been consolidated.
Subsidiaries have other major Exploration & Production and Oil Sands joint venture activities which
operate as jointly controlled assets.
[C] TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN SUBSIDIARIES AND EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS
Transactions between subsidiaries and equity-accounted investments mainly comprise sales
and purchases of goods and services in the ordinary course of business and in total amounted
to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Charges to equity-accounted investments |
|
|
30,974 |
|
|
|
25,815 |
|
|
|
22,122 |
|
Charges from equity-accounted investments |
|
|
28,244 |
|
|
|
21,820 |
|
|
|
19,266 |
|
|
Balances outstanding at December 31, 2007, and 2006 in respect of the above transactions are
shown in Notes 17 and 24.
Guarantees issued by subsidiaries in respect of equity-accounted investments were
$0.6 billion at December 31, 2007, (2006: $2.0 billion), mainly relating to project
finance debt.
14
INVESTMENTS:
FINANCIAL ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Available-for-sale |
|
|
3,461 |
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
Held to maturity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,461 |
|
|
|
4,493 |
|
|
Available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2007, comprise $2,526 million of equity
securities (2006: $3,924 million) and $935 million of debt securities (2006: $469 million).
This includes a portfolio amounting to $932 million (2006: $1,344 million), required to be
held long-term by Shells insurance companies as security for their activities. See also Note
29[A].
Available-for-sale equity securities at December 31, 2007, include $96 million (2006: $298
million) recognised at cost because their fair value cannot be reliably measured since these are
unquoted securities with no regular dividend flows.
Of the available-for-sale debt securities at December 31, 2007, the maturities of $117 million
(2006: $116 million) fall within one year, $400 million (2006: $126 million) fall between one
year and five years, and $418 million (2006: $227 million) exceed five years.
15
OTHER
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Loans to equity-accounted investments |
|
|
1,366 |
|
|
|
1,616 |
|
Prepayments and deferred charges |
|
|
1,620 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
Derivative contracts (see Note 26) |
|
|
729 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
Other |
|
|
2,045 |
|
|
|
2,171 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
5,760 |
|
|
|
5,468 |
|
|
The fair value of financial assets included above approximates the carrying amount.
Other at December 31, 2007, includes $0.3 billion (2006: $0.8 billion) relating to pre-funding
arrangements within jointly controlled assets.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Oil and chemicals |
|
|
30,106 |
|
|
|
22,020 |
|
Materials |
|
|
1,397 |
|
|
|
1,195 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
31,503 |
|
|
|
23,215 |
|
|
The cost of inventories recognised as expense and included in cost of sales amounted to
$260,977 million (2006: $229,548 million; 2005: $223,654 million).
Royal Dutch Shell plc
135
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Trade receivables |
|
|
42,308 |
|
|
|
30,966 |
|
Derivative contracts (see Note 26) |
|
|
19,276 |
|
|
|
20,011 |
|
Amounts owed by equity-accounted investments |
|
|
3,145 |
|
|
|
1,908 |
|
Prepayments and deferred charges |
|
|
3,188 |
|
|
|
2,371 |
|
Other |
|
|
6,321 |
|
|
|
4,412 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
74,238 |
|
|
|
59,668 |
|
|
The fair value of financial assets included above approximates the carrying amount.
Provisions for impairments deducted from accounts receivable amounted to $666 million at December
31, 2007 (2006: $519 million).
The following table provides details of trade receivables at December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Not overdue |
|
|
37,613 |
|
|
|
27,565 |
|
Overdue 1-30 days |
|
|
2,994 |
|
|
|
2,319 |
|
Overdue 31-60 days |
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
Overdue 61-90 days |
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
Overdue 91-180 days |
|
|
682 |
|
|
|
97 |
|
Overdue more than 180 days |
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
42,308 |
|
|
|
30,966 |
|
|
18
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Cash at bank and in hand |
|
|
9,430 |
|
|
|
8,861 |
|
Commercial paper notes |
|
|
226 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
9,656 |
|
|
|
9,002 |
|
|
19
DEBT AND LEASE
ARRANGEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] DEBT (INCLUDING FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS) AT DECEMBER 31 |
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance lease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance lease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
Total |
|
Short-term debt |
|
|
|
3,292 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,292 |
|
|
|
|
3,573 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,573 |
|
Long-term debt due within one year |
|
|
|
2,290 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
2,444 |
|
|
|
|
2,282 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
2,487 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current debt |
|
|
|
5,582 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
5,736 |
|
|
|
|
5,855 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
6,060 |
|
Non-current debt |
|
|
|
8,533 |
|
|
|
3,830 |
|
|
|
12,363 |
|
|
|
|
5,737 |
|
|
|
3,976 |
|
|
|
9,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
14,115 |
|
|
|
3,984 |
|
|
|
18,099 |
|
|
|
|
11,592 |
|
|
|
4,181 |
|
|
|
15,773 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fair value of debt approximates the carrying amount.
Total unused lines of short-term credit at December 31, 2007, amounted to $3,223 million
(2006: $4,517 million). This excludes some $2.5 billion (2006: $2.5 billion) committed bank
facilities primarily used to provide support for commercial paper maturing within 30 days
(see Note 26).
During 2007, Shells commercial paper programmes, euro medium-term note (EMTN) programme and US
universal shelf registration (US shelf registration), undrawn together totalling some $45
billion, remained in place and fully operational. As at December 31, 2007, debt outstanding from
central borrowing programmes and facilities totalled $9.1 billion, with the remaining
indebtedness raised by subsidiaries with no recourse beyond the immediate borrower and/or the
local assets.
Bonds issued in 2007 included a 5-year $500 million and a 10-year $750 million drawdown from the
US shelf registration, and some $3 billion issued from the EMTN programme, including a 1.5
billion 10-year issue. Bonds from the EMTN programme were issued in dollar, pound sterling and
euro, in fixed format, and in maturities ranging from 3 years to 10 years. All bond proceeds were
swapped into floating rate dollars on launch using interest rate and cross-currency swaps where
necessary.
136
Royal Dutch Shell plc
[B] DEBT (EXCLUDING FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS)
The following tables give details of contractual cash flows for debt owed by
subsidiaries at December 31, by year of maturity, and the carrying amount in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Contractual repayments |
|
|
|
Difference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
carrying |
|
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
amount |
|
|
|
amount |
|
Fixed rate dollar debt |
|
|
|
1,024 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
501 |
|
|
|
1,001 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
4,336 |
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
4,460 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate dollar debt |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
714 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
|
|
6.0% |
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
|
|
11.0% |
|
|
|
0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate European debt |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
516 |
|
|
|
1,440 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2,210 |
|
|
|
4,919 |
|
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
5,011 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
3.0% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
2.0% |
|
|
|
4.2% |
|
|
|
4.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate European debt |
|
|
|
1,737 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,737 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,737 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other fixed rate debt |
|
|
|
614 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
617 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
617 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
9.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.7% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other variable rate debt |
|
|
|
1,306 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,576 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
8.3% |
|
|
|
2.8% |
|
|
|
6.4% |
|
|
|
10.5% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
5,582 |
|
|
|
1,190 |
|
|
|
2,184 |
|
|
|
1,288 |
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
3,129 |
|
|
|
13,899 |
|
|
|
|
216 |
|
|
|
|
14,115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The table above excludes interest expense estimated to be $740 million in 2008, $392
million in 2009, $345 million in 2010, $234 million in 2011, $171 million in 2012 and $144
million in 2013 and after (assuming interest rates with respect to variable rate debt
remain constant and there is no change in aggregate principal amount of debt other than
repayment at scheduled maturity as reflected in the table).
Fixed rate European debt expected to mature in 2008 includes $445 million of euro debt with
an average interest rate of 3.3%. Fixed rate European debt expected to mature in 2009
includes $515 million of euro debt with an average interest rate of 3.3%. Fixed rate
European debt expected to mature in 2010 comprises $1,000 million of UK pound debt with an
average interest rate of 5.3% and $440 million of euro debt with an average interest of
4.0%. Fixed rate European debt expected to mature in 2011 includes $266 million of Swiss
franc debt with an average interest rate of 2.0%. Fixed rate European debt expected to
mature after 2013 includes $2,207 million of euro debt with an average interest rate of
4.6%.
Variable rate European debt expected to mature in 2008 includes $590 million of euro debt
at with an average interest rate of 4.2% and $1,011 million of UK pound debt at with an
average interest rate of 5.8%.
Other fixed rate debt expected to mature in 2008 includes $492 million of Nigerian naira debt with
an average interest rate of 10.2%.
Other variable rate debt expected to mature in 2008 includes $405 million of Philippine
peso debt with an average interest rate of 5.0% and $263 million of Brazilian real debt
with an average interest rate of 12.2%.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Contractual repayments |
|
|
|
Difference |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
carrying |
|
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
amount |
|
|
|
amount |
|
Fixed rate dollar debt |
|
|
|
1,858 |
|
|
|
302 |
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
1,006 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
4,026 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
4,054 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
5.8% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
6.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate dollar debt |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
789 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
789 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
5.4% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate European debt |
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
590 |
|
|
|
246 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
2,770 |
|
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
|
2,747 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
3.4% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
2.0% |
|
|
|
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate European debt |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
1,116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,235 |
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
1,234 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
4.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other fixed rate debt |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
4.5% |
|
|
|
5.8% |
|
|
|
8.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
|
|
1.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other variable rate debt |
|
|
|
2,212 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
2,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,624 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
7.1% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
5,853 |
|
|
|
2,055 |
|
|
|
975 |
|
|
|
1,033 |
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
11,588 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
11,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The table above excludes interest expense estimated to be $586 million in 2007, $249
million in 2008, $167 million in 2009, $127 million in 2010, $73 million in 2011 and $11
million in 2012 and after (assuming interest rates with respect to variable rate debt remain
constant and there is no change in aggregate principal amount of debt other than repayment at
scheduled maturity as reflected in the table).
In accordance with risk management policy, subsidiaries have entered into interest rate
swaps against most of the fixed rate debt due to mature after more than one year, affecting
the effective interest rate on these balances (see Note 26).
The weighted average interest rate on short-term debt excluding short-term part of
long-term debt at December 31, 2007, was 7% (2006: 7%).
Royal Dutch Shell plc
137
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
[C] LEASE ARRANGEMENTS
The future minimum lease payments for finance and operating leases and the present
value of minimum finance lease payments at December 31, by maturity date are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Total future |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present value of |
|
|
Total future |
|
|
|
minimum finance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
minimum finance |
|
|
minimum operating |
|
|
|
lease payments |
|
|
Interest |
|
|
lease payments |
|
|
lease payments |
|
2008 |
|
|
458 |
|
|
|
304 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
3,737 |
|
20092012 |
|
|
1,860 |
|
|
|
1,059 |
|
|
|
801 |
|
|
|
8,972 |
|
2013 and after |
|
|
4,632 |
|
|
|
1,603 |
|
|
|
3,029 |
|
|
|
4,435 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
6,950 |
|
|
|
2,966 |
|
|
|
3,984 |
|
|
|
17,144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Total future |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Present value of |
|
|
Total future |
|
|
|
minimum finance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
minimum finance |
|
|
minimum operating |
|
|
|
lease payments |
|
|
Interest |
|
|
lease payments |
|
|
lease payments |
|
2007 |
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
3,062 |
|
20082011 |
|
|
1,848 |
|
|
|
1,127 |
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
|
6,532 |
|
2012 and after |
|
|
5,206 |
|
|
|
1,951 |
|
|
|
3,255 |
|
|
|
3,894 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
7,576 |
|
|
|
3,395 |
|
|
|
4,181 |
|
|
|
13,488 |
|
|
In 2007 and 2006 there were no contingent rents under finance leases recognised as expense.
For finance leases at December 31, 2007, there is a total of $14 million (2006: $15
million) of future minimum sub-lease payments expected to be received under
non-cancellable sub-leases.
Operating lease expenses were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Minimum lease payments |
|
|
3,091 |
|
|
|
2,571 |
|
|
|
2,250 |
|
Contingent rentals |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
Sub-lease payments |
|
|
(138 |
) |
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
(131 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,016 |
|
|
|
2,498 |
|
|
|
2,175 |
|
|
For operating leases at December 31, 2007, there is a total of $350 million (2006:
$321 million) of future minimum sub-lease payments expected to be received under
non-cancellable sub-leases.
Subsidiaries have obligations under certain power generation contracts (tolling
agreements) which are recognised as finance leases. The present value of the future
minimum lease payments is $2,704 million at December 31, 2007, (2006: $2,708 million) of
which $516 million is denominated in Canadian dollars and the remainder in US dollars. The
carrying amount of related assets, which are recognised as property, plant and equipment,
is $1,720 million at December 31, 2007, (2006: $1,831 million). The leases mature between
2021 and 2024 and the average interest rate for 2007 was 8.2% (2006: 8.1%).
[D] GEARING
Under its financial framework after fulfilling its debt servicing obligations Shell
prioritises its dividend to shareholders and the funding of investment and growth.
The numerator and denominator in the gearing calculation used by Shell is calculated by
adding to reported debt and equity those obligations for operating leases and unfunded
retirement benefits which it believes to be in the nature of incremental debt, and
deducting cash and cash equivalents held in excess of amounts required for operational
purposes.
Dependent upon Shells view on market conditions and the current gearing level, Shell may
undertake incremental capital investment or return capital to shareholders through share
buybacks.
138
Royal Dutch Shell plc
The gearing ratios at December 31, were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Non-current debt |
|
|
12,363 |
|
|
|
9,713 |
|
Current debt |
|
|
5,736 |
|
|
|
6,060 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt |
|
|
18,099 |
|
|
|
15,773 |
|
Add: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net present value of operating lease obligation[A] |
|
|
14,387 |
|
|
|
11,319 |
|
Unfunded retirement benefit obligations (after tax)[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents in excess of operational requirements[C] |
|
|
7,356 |
|
|
|
7,102 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted debt |
|
|
25,130 |
|
|
|
19,990 |
|
Total equity |
|
|
125,968 |
|
|
|
114,945 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capital |
|
|
151,098 |
|
|
|
134,935 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gearing ratio (adjusted debt as a percentage of total capital) |
|
|
16.6% |
|
|
|
14.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Total future minimum operating lease payments at December 31, (see Note 19[C]) discounted
at 5.0% (2007) and 5.25% (2006). |
|
[B] |
|
The unfunded retirement benefit obligations are defined as that part of the pension and
other retirement benefit obligations that exceeds the related assets (see Note 21). |
|
[C] |
|
Consists of cash and cash equivalents as disclosed in Note 18 less cash required for
operational requirements of $2.3 billion at December 31, 2007, (2006: $1.9 billion) which
includes cash in transit and restricted cash balances held locally. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] TAXATION CHARGE FOR THE PERIOD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Charge in respect of current period |
|
|
19,960 |
|
|
|
17,548 |
|
|
|
19,561 |
|
Adjustments in respect of prior periods |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(210 |
) |
|
|
(126 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current taxation |
|
|
20,076 |
|
|
|
17,338 |
|
|
|
19,435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relating to the origination and reversal of temporary differences |
|
|
(717 |
) |
|
|
913 |
|
|
|
(1,444 |
) |
Relating to changes in tax rates |
|
|
(746 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
(33 |
) |
Adjustments in respect of prior periods |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxation |
|
|
(1,426 |
) |
|
|
979 |
|
|
|
(1,436 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxation charge |
|
|
18,650 |
|
|
|
18,317 |
|
|
|
17,999 |
|
|
Reconciliations of the expected tax charge to the actual tax charge are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Income before taxation |
|
|
50,576 |
|
|
|
44,628 |
|
|
|
44,567 |
|
Less: Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
(8,234 |
) |
|
|
(6,671 |
) |
|
|
(7,123 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before taxation and share of profit from equity-accounted investments |
|
|
42,342 |
|
|
|
37,957 |
|
|
|
37,444 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Applicable tax charge at statutory tax rates |
|
|
20,323 |
|
|
|
19,219 |
|
|
|
18,802 |
|
Adjustment in respect of prior periods |
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
(85 |
) |
Recognition of previously unrecognised/derecognition of previously recognised tax losses |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
(205 |
) |
|
|
(300 |
) |
Income not subject to tax |
|
|
(1,994 |
) |
|
|
(1,098 |
) |
|
|
(517 |
) |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes |
|
|
1,602 |
|
|
|
1,037 |
|
|
|
508 |
|
Taxable items deductible not expensed |
|
|
(768 |
) |
|
|
(1,006 |
) |
|
|
(464 |
) |
Taxable income not booked |
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
Other reconciling items, including amounts relating to changes in tax rate |
|
|
(871 |
) |
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxation charge |
|
|
18,650 |
|
|
|
18,317 |
|
|
|
17,999 |
|
|
The weighted average of statutory tax rates was 48.0% in 2007 (2006: 50.6% and 2005:
50.2%). The decrease between 2006 and 2007 was because a lower proportion of income arose
in the Exploration & Production segment (more highly taxed than other segments), which was
partly offset by an increase due to a change in the geographical mix of income. The
increase between 2005 and 2006 was because a higher proportion of income arose in the
Exploration & Production segment, which was partly offset by a reduction due to a change in
the geographical mix of income.
The taxation charge includes not only those of general application but also taxes at
special rates levied on income from Exploration & Production activities and various other
taxes to which these activities are subject.
The adjustment in respect of prior periods relates to events in the current period and
reflects the effects of changes in rules, facts or other factors compared to those used
in establishing the current tax position or deferred tax balance.
The taxation charge above includes UK taxation of $968 million in 2007 (2006: $1,916 million; 2005:
$1,209 million).
Royal Dutch Shell plc
139
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
[B] TAXES PAYABLE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
5,777 |
|
|
|
3,142 |
|
Sales taxes, excise duties and similar levies and social law taxes |
|
|
3,956 |
|
|
|
2,879 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
9,733 |
|
|
|
6,021 |
|
|
[C] PROVISION FOR DEFERRED TAXATION
Movements in deferred tax liabilities and assets during the year, taking into consideration the
offsetting balances within the same tax jurisdiction, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Property, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
plant and |
|
|
Retirement |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
equipment |
|
|
benefits |
|
|
provisions |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
14,682 |
|
|
|
(537 |
) |
|
|
(2,825 |
) |
|
|
(557 |
) |
|
|
10,763 |
|
Charged/(credited) to income |
|
|
735 |
|
|
|
367 |
|
|
|
(944 |
) |
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
1,012 |
|
Other movements |
|
|
1,528 |
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
(768 |
) |
|
|
798 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
679 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
(221 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
521 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
17,624 |
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(3,939 |
) |
|
|
(493 |
) |
|
|
13,094 |
|
Charged/(credited) to income |
|
|
(460 |
) |
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
(1,995 |
) |
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
(1,219 |
) |
Other movements |
|
|
(717 |
) |
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
938 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
(115 |
) |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
17,527 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
(6,093 |
) |
|
|
1,265 |
|
|
|
13,039 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS |
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Losses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
carried |
|
|
Retirement |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
forward |
|
|
benefits |
|
|
provisions |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
1,527 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
2,562 |
|
(Charged)/credited to income |
|
|
(154 |
) |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
Other movements |
|
|
(545 |
) |
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
625 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
79 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
873 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
428 |
|
|
|
1,267 |
|
|
|
2,968 |
|
(Charged)/credited to income |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
Other movements |
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(209 |
) |
|
|
(99 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
1,146 |
|
|
|
464 |
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
1,102 |
|
|
|
3,253 |
|
|
Other movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities relate mainly to acquisitions, a change in
accounting status (see Note 28) and reclassifications between assets and liabilities.
Where the realisation of deferred tax assets is dependent on future profits, Shell recognises
losses carried forward only to the extent that business forecasts predict that such profits will be
available. At December 31, 2007 recognised losses carried forward amounted to $6,107 million.
Unrecognised losses amount to $3,338 million as at December 31, 2007 and expire in the following
years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
2008 |
|
|
73 |
|
2009 |
|
|
3 |
|
2010 |
|
|
6 |
|
2011 |
|
|
4 |
|
2012 and after |
|
|
3,252 |
|
|
Unrecognised losses amounted to $3,649 million as at December 31, 2006 and expire in the following
years:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
2007 |
|
|
507 |
|
2008 |
|
|
1 |
|
2009 |
|
|
4 |
|
2010 |
|
|
4 |
|
2011 and after |
|
|
3,133 |
|
|
140
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Earnings retained by the subsidiaries and equity-accounted investments of Royal Dutch Shell
amounted to $105,322 million at December 31, 2007 (2006: $94,278 million). Provision has been made
for withholding and other taxes which would become payable on the distribution of these earnings
only to the extent that either Shell does not control the relevant entity or it is expected that
these earnings will be remitted in the foreseeable future.
Retirement plans are provided for permanent employees of all major subsidiaries. The nature of such
plans varies according to the legal and fiscal requirements and economic conditions of the country
in which the employees are engaged. Generally, the plans provide defined benefits based on
employees years of service and average/final pensionable remuneration.
Some subsidiaries have established unfunded defined benefit plans to provide certain retirement
healthcare and life insurance benefits to their retirees, the entitlement to which is usually based
on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service
period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Pension benefits |
|
|
|
Other benefits |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Change in benefit obligation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obligations for benefits based on employee service to date at January 1 |
|
|
|
60,258 |
|
|
|
55,677 |
|
|
|
|
3,163 |
|
|
|
3,143 |
|
Increase in present value of the obligation for benefits based on employee
service during the year |
|
|
|
1,188 |
|
|
|
1,285 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
Interest on the obligation for benefits in respect of employee service in |
|
|
|
3,051 |
|
|
|
2,648 |
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
previous years |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefit payments made |
|
|
|
(2,894 |
) |
|
|
(2,535 |
) |
|
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(138 |
) |
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
3,803 |
|
|
|
5,250 |
|
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
Other components
[A] |
|
|
|
(2,883 |
) |
|
|
(2,067 |
) |
|
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(79 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obligations for benefits based on employee service to date at December 31 |
|
|
|
62,523 |
|
|
|
60,258 |
|
|
|
|
3,179 |
|
|
|
3,163 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in plan assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan assets held in trust at fair value at January 1 |
|
|
|
67,479 |
|
|
|
54,650 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected return on plan assets |
|
|
|
4,821 |
|
|
|
4,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actuarial gains/(losses) |
|
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employer contributions |
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
1,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan participants contributions |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefit payments made |
|
|
|
(2,894 |
) |
|
|
(2,535 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
4,428 |
|
|
|
5,848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other components |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan assets held in trust at fair value at December 31 |
|
|
|
76,198 |
|
|
|
67,479 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan assets in excess of/(less than) the present value of obligations
for benefits at December 31 |
|
|
|
13,675 |
|
|
|
7,221 |
|
|
|
|
(3,179 |
) |
|
|
(3,163 |
) |
Unrecognised net actuarial (gains)/losses since adoption |
|
|
|
(11,338 |
) |
|
|
(6,588 |
) |
|
|
|
(217 |
) |
|
|
14 |
|
Unrecognised prior service cost/(credit) |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net amount recognised |
|
|
|
2,347 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
|
(3,379 |
) |
|
|
(3,130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts recognised in the Consolidated Balance Sheet: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pre-paid pension costs |
|
|
|
5,559 |
|
|
|
3,926 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirement benefit obligations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
(253 |
) |
|
|
(202 |
) |
|
|
|
(173 |
) |
|
|
(117 |
) |
Non-current |
|
|
|
(2,959 |
) |
|
|
(3,083 |
) |
|
|
|
(3,206 |
) |
|
|
(3,013 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net amount recognised |
|
|
|
2,347 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
|
(3,379 |
) |
|
|
(3,130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Other components comprise mainly the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions, most notably
the discount rate. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc
141
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Pension benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obligation for pension benefits in respect of unfunded plans |
|
|
2,505 |
|
|
|
1,931 |
|
|
|
1,904 |
|
|
|
2,032 |
|
Obligation for pension benefits in respect of funded plans |
|
|
60,018 |
|
|
|
58,327 |
|
|
|
53,773 |
|
|
|
52,790 |
|
|
|
|
Total benefit obligation |
|
|
62,523 |
|
|
|
60,258 |
|
|
|
55,677 |
|
|
|
54,822 |
|
|
|
|
Experience adjustments as a percentage of the total benefit obligation |
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
0.7% |
|
|
|
0.2% |
|
|
|
2.1% |
|
Plan assets |
|
|
76,198 |
|
|
|
67,479 |
|
|
|
54,650 |
|
|
|
51,874 |
|
Experience adjustments as a percentage of plan assets |
|
|
1.3% |
|
|
|
6.1% |
|
|
|
10.8% |
|
|
|
3.8% |
|
Plan surplus/(deficit) |
|
|
13,675 |
|
|
|
7,221 |
|
|
|
(1,027 |
) |
|
|
(2,948 |
) |
Actual return on plan assets |
|
|
5,846 |
|
|
|
8,133 |
|
|
|
9,290 |
|
|
|
5,262 |
|
Other benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total benefit obligation (unfunded) |
|
|
3,179 |
|
|
|
3,163 |
|
|
|
3,143 |
|
|
|
3,120 |
|
Experience adjustments as a percentage of the total benefit obligation |
|
|
6.01% |
|
|
|
0.72% |
|
|
|
0.03% |
|
|
|
0.26% |
|
|
Employer contributions to defined benefit pension plans during 2008 are estimated to be $0.9
billion.
Benefit costs for the year comprise:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Pension benefits |
|
|
|
Other benefits |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Service cost |
|
|
|
1,188 |
|
|
|
1,285 |
|
|
|
1,163 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
Interest cost |
|
|
|
3,051 |
|
|
|
2,648 |
|
|
|
2,575 |
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
Expected return on plan assets |
|
|
|
(4,821 |
) |
|
|
(4,003 |
) |
|
|
(3,389 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other components |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
389 |
[A] |
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of defined benefit plans |
|
|
|
(424 |
) |
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
Payments to defined contribution plans |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
(191 |
) |
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] Comprises mainly the effect
of curtailment of the plan in France and changes in plans in the USA and the UK. |
|
|
The cost of defined benefit plans is reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income, principally
within cost of sales.
Discount rates, projected rates of remuneration growth and expected rates of return on plan assets
vary for the different plans as they are determined in the light of local conditions. Expected
rates of return on plan assets are calculated using a common assumption setting process based on a
projection of real long-term bond yields and an equity risk premium which are combined with local
inflation assumptions and applied to each plans actual asset mix. The weighted averages applicable
for the principal plans in Shell are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension benefits |
|
|
|
Other benefits |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Assumptions used to determine benefit
obligations at December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
|
5.7% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
4.7% |
|
|
|
|
6.0% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
5.4% |
|
Projected rate of remuneration growth |
|
|
|
4.0% |
|
|
|
3.9% |
|
|
|
4.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assumptions used to determine benefit costs
for year-ended December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
4.7% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
5.4% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
Expected rate of return on plan assets |
|
|
|
7.1% |
|
|
|
7.1% |
|
|
|
7.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected rate of remuneration growth |
|
|
|
3.9% |
|
|
|
4.1% |
|
|
|
3.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Healthcare cost trend rates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Healthcare cost trend rate in year after reporting year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.1% |
|
|
|
8.3% |
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.6% |
|
|
|
4.7% |
|
|
|
4.7% |
|
Year ultimate healthcare cost trend rate is applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The effect of a one percentage point increase/(decrease) in the annual rate of increase in the
assumed healthcare cost trend rates would be to increase/(decrease) annual retirement benefit cost
by approximately $27 million/($22 million) and the benefit obligation by approximately $353
million/($288 million).
142
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Demographic (including mortality) assumptions are also determined in the light of local conditions.
Mortality assumptions are based on the latest available standard mortality tables for the
individual countries concerned, adjusted where appropriate to reflect the experience of Shell. The
average total life expectancy for males and females currently aged 60 years is, respectively, 85
years and 88 years.
Weighted average plan asset allocations by asset category for the principal pension plans in Shell
are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Target |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of |
|
|
allocation at |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
plan assets at |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
Equities |
|
|
62 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
% |
|
|
72 |
% |
Debt securities |
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
% |
|
|
22 |
% |
Real estate |
|
|
4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
% |
|
|
2 |
% |
Other |
|
|
1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
% |
|
|
4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Plan long-term investment strategies are generally determined by the responsible Pension Fund
Trustees using a structured asset liability modelling approach to determine the asset mix which
best meets the objectives of optimising investment return and maintaining adequate funding levels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] CURRENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
Decommissioning and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
restoration |
|
|
Environmental |
|
|
Redundancy |
|
|
Litigation |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
658 |
|
|
|
1,549 |
|
Additional provisions |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
565 |
|
Amounts charged against provisions |
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
(113 |
) |
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
(123 |
) |
|
|
(738 |
) |
Reclassifications and other movements |
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
327 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
1,792 |
|
Additional provisions |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
1,137 |
|
Amounts charged against provisions |
|
|
(128 |
) |
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
(231 |
) |
|
|
(679 |
) |
Reclassifications and other movements |
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
1,303 |
|
|
|
2,792 |
|
|
Included in other provisions at December 31, 2007, are $0.2 billion (2006: $0.2 billion) relating
to loyalty schemes, $0.2 billion (2006: $0.2 billion) relating to employee end of service benefits,
$0.2 billion (2006: $0.1 billion) relating to insurance and $0.2 billion (2006: nil) relating to
sales taxes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[B] NON-CURRENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
Decommissioning and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
restoration |
|
|
Environmental |
|
|
Redundancy |
|
|
Litigation |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
5,692 |
|
|
|
619 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
544 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
7,385 |
|
Additional provisions |
|
|
428 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
1,315 |
|
Amounts charged against provisions |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(320 |
) |
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
(236 |
) |
Accretion expense |
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
Reclassifications and other movements |
|
|
1,079 |
|
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
569 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
8,028 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
10,355 |
|
Additional provisions |
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
678 |
|
Amounts charged against provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(96 |
) |
Accretion expense |
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
Reclassifications and other movements |
|
|
1,871 |
|
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
1,715 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
10,838 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
780 |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
13,658 |
|
|
The timing of payments related to these provisions is uncertain and is dependent on various items
which are not always within managements control.
Included in litigation provisions at December 31, 2007, is $0.5 billion (2006: $0.5 billion) in
respect of a class action for alleged losses relating to the 2004 recategorisation of certain
hydrocarbon reserves (see Note 32).
Included in other provisions at December 31, 2007, are $0.1 billion (2006: $0.1 billion) relating
to loyalty schemes, $0.3 billion (2006: $0.4 billion) relating to employee end of service benefits
and $0.2 billion (2006: $0.2 billion) relating to onerous contracts.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
143
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reviews of the estimated provision for decommissioning and restoration were performed during 2007
and during 2006 based on current experience and techniques. This resulted in an increase of $2.3
billion in 2007 (2006: $1.1 billion) in both the provision, reported within Reclassifications and
other movements, and the corresponding Property, plant and equipment assets reported within
Sales, retirements and other movements in Note 12.
23
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Deferred income |
|
|
696 |
|
|
|
1,328 |
|
Derivative contracts (see Note 26) |
|
|
788 |
|
|
|
646 |
|
Customer deposits |
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
Liabilities under staff benefit plans |
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
722 |
|
Advance payments received under long-term supply contracts |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
273 |
|
Other payables |
|
|
1,164 |
|
|
|
1,240 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
3,893 |
|
|
|
4,325 |
|
|
The fair value of financial liabilities included above approximates the carrying amount.
24
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Trade payables |
|
|
36,349 |
|
|
|
26,509 |
|
Derivative contracts (see Note 26) |
|
|
19,849 |
|
|
|
19,735 |
|
Amounts due to equity-accounted investments |
|
|
3,614 |
|
|
|
2,454 |
|
Accruals and deferred income |
|
|
10,487 |
|
|
|
9,625 |
|
Other |
|
|
5,398 |
|
|
|
4,233 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
75,697 |
|
|
|
62,556 |
|
|
The fair value of financial liabilities included above approximates the carrying amount.
25
ORDINARY SHARE CAPITAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORISED |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
Dec 31,
2007[A] |
|
Dec 31,
2006[A] |
|
4,077,359,886 |
|
|
|
4,077,359,886 |
|
|
Class A shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
285 |
|
285 |
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
Class B shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
193 |
|
193 |
|
3,101,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,101,000,000 |
|
|
Unclassified shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
217 |
|
217 |
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
Euro deferred shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
Sterling deferred shares of £1 each |
|
|
£ |
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Amounts are in millions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISSUED AND FULLY PAID |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
|
shares of £1 each |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
Euro deferred |
|
|
|
Sterling deferred |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,935,625,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Shares issued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,827,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62,280,114 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(244,672,974 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,695,780,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(112,275,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,583,505,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOMINAL VALUE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
|
shares of £1 each |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
Euro deferred |
|
|
|
Sterling deferred |
|
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
|
571 |
|
Shares issued |
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
|
545 |
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Less than $1 million. |
144
Royal Dutch Shell plc
26
FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS
Financial instruments and other derivative contracts in the Consolidated Balance Sheet comprise
financial assets (see Note 14), cash and cash equivalents (see Note 18), debt (see Note 19) and
certain amounts (including derivatives) reported within other non-current assets, accounts
receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities.
Subsidiaries, in the normal course of their business, use financial instruments of various kinds
for the purposes of managing exposure to interest rate, currency and commodity price movements.
Shell has treasury standards applicable to all subsidiaries and each subsidiary is required to
adopt a treasury policy consistent with these standards. These policies cover financing structure,
interest rate and foreign exchange risk management, insurance, counterparty risk management and
derivative instruments, as well as the treasury control framework. Wherever possible, treasury
operations are operated through specialist Shell group regional organisations without removing from
each subsidiary the responsibility to formulate and implement appropriate treasury policies.
Other than in exceptional cases, the use of external derivative instruments is confined to
specialist oil and gas trading and central treasury organisations which have appropriate skills,
experience, supervision, control and reporting systems.
Apart from forward foreign exchange contracts to meet known commitments, the use of derivative
financial instruments by most subsidiaries is not permitted by their treasury policy.
Shells operations expose it to market, credit and liquidity risk:
Market risk
Market risk is the possibility that changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates or the
prices of natural gas, electrical power, crude oil, refined products, chemical feedstocks and
environmental products will adversely affect the value of Shells assets, liabilities or expected
future cash flows.
Interest rate risk
Most of Shells debt is raised from central borrowing programmes. Shell has entered into interest
rate swaps and currency swaps to effectively convert most centrally-issued debt to floating rate US
dollar LIBOR (London Inter-Bank Offer Rate), reflecting its policy to have debt mainly denominated
in US dollars and to have largely floating interest rate exposure profile. Consequently Shell is
exposed predominantly to US dollar LIBOR interest rate movements. The financing of most
subsidiaries is also structured on a floating-rate basis and, except in special cases, further
interest rate risk management is discouraged. Based on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December
31, 2007, the impact on net interest income/expense of a change in interest rates of 1% would not
be significant.
Foreign exchange risk
The functional currency for most upstream companies and for other companies with significant
international business is the US dollar, but other companies usually have their local currency as
their functional currency. Foreign exchange risk arises when certain transactions are denominated
in a currency that is not the entitys functional currency. Typically these transactions are
income/expense or non-monetary item related.
Each subsidiary has treasury policies in place which are designed to measure and manage its foreign
currency exposures by reference to its functional currency and to report foreign exchange gains and
losses. Shell co-ordinates the management of these currency risks by providing regional treasury
centres to transact with subsidiaries and facilitate the netting of foreign exchange positions.
These net positions are then managed and transactions undertaken with the external market. A range
of derivatives are used, the most common being forward foreign exchange contracts. Most of Shells
debt is either denominated in US dollars or is hedged back into US dollars using currency swaps.
Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions included in income are
not significant.
Price risk
Certain subsidiaries have a mandate to trade natural gas, electrical power, crude oil, refined
products, chemical feedstocks and environmental products, and to use commodity swaps, options and
futures as a means of managing price and timing risks arising from this trading. In effecting these
transactions, the companies concerned operate within procedures and policies designed to ensure
that risks, including those relating to the default of counterparties, are minimised.
Shell uses risk management systems for recording and valuing instruments. There is regular review
of mandated trading limits by senior management, daily monitoring of market risk exposure using
value-at-risk (VAR) techniques (see below), daily monitoring of trading positions against limits
and marking-to-market of trading exposures with a department independent of traders reviewing the
market values applied to trading exposures. Shells exposure to substantial trading losses is
therefore considered limited.
Shell utilises VAR techniques based on variance/covariance or Monte Carlo simulation models and
make a statistical assessment of the market risk arising from possible future changes in market
values over a 24-hour period and within a 95% confidence level. The calculation of the range of
potential changes in fair value takes into account positions, the history of price movements and
the correlation of these price movements. Each of the models is regularly back tested against
actual fair value movements to ensure model integrity is maintained.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
145
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VALUE-AT-RISK (pre-tax) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Year end |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Year end |
|
Oil Products and Chemicals |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Credit risk
Shell has policies in place to ensure that wholesale sales of products are made to customers with
an appropriate creditworthiness. In addition, Shell has policies that limit the amount of credit
exposure to any financial institution. There has been no significant level of counterparty default.
In commodity trading, counterparty credit risk is managed within a framework of individual credit
limits with utilisation being regularly reviewed. Credit checks are performed by a department
independent of traders, and are undertaken before contractual commitment. Where appropriate, the
use of netting arrangements, credit derivatives, prepayments and/or margining are used to manage
specific risks.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for Shells business activities may not
be available. Shell believes that it has access to sufficient debt funding sources (capital
markets), and to undrawn committed borrowing facilities to meet currently foreseeable borrowing
requirements.
Shell has long-term debt ratings of Aa1 and AA, assigned respectively by Moodys and Standard &
Poors. Shell has access to a wide range of funding alternatives at competitive rates through the
capital markets and banks. It centrally co-ordinates relationships with banks, borrowing and
foreign exchange requirements and cash management activities.
Unused lines of short-term credit at December 31, 2007 of $3.2 billion exclude committed facilities
of $2.5 billion with a core group of highly-rated international banks, primarily used to provide
support for commercial paper maturing within 30 days. They are available on same-day terms,
incorporate pre-agreed pricing, and will expire in 2012. The terms and
availability of these lines of credit are not conditional in any way on Shells financial ratios,
its financial ratings or on the absence of events that could have a material adverse impact on its
financial situation.
Shell expects to be able to renew or increase these facilities as and when required on commercially
acceptable terms.
Surplus cash is invested into a range of short-dated money market instruments including commercial
paper, time deposits and money funds, which seek to ensure the security and liquidity of
investments while optimising yield. This cash management also involves the use of foreign exchange
contracts. In all cases investments are only permitted in high credit quality institutions/funds,
with diversification of investment supported by maintaining counterparty credit limits.
Derivative contracts
The remainder of this Note relates to the use by subsidiaries of derivative contracts recognised at
fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following tables provide a summary of the estimated fair values of derivative contracts held at
December 31, and a reconciliation to Shells Consolidated Balance Sheet.
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
Estimated fair value |
|
|
|
Estimated fair value |
|
|
|
|
Asset |
|
|
Liability |
|
|
Net |
|
|
|
Asset |
|
|
Liability |
|
|
Net |
|
Interest rate swaps |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
39 |
|
Forward foreign exchange contracts |
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
(252 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
40 |
|
Currency swaps |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
(684 |
) |
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
20 |
|
Commodity swaps, options, futures and forwards |
|
|
|
17,931 |
|
|
|
(19,090 |
) |
|
|
(1,159 |
) |
|
|
|
19,642 |
|
|
|
(19,790 |
) |
|
|
(148 |
) |
Other contracts |
|
|
|
796 |
|
|
|
(610 |
) |
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
(68 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
20,005 |
|
|
|
(20,637 |
) |
|
|
(632 |
) |
|
|
|
20,264 |
|
|
|
(20,381 |
) |
|
|
(117 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included within: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable (Note 17) |
|
|
|
19,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,849 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19,735 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other non-current assets (Note 15) |
|
|
|
729 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other non-current liabilities (Note 23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(788 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(646 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
20,005 |
|
|
|
(20,637 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,264 |
|
|
|
(20,381 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The maximum exposure to credit risk is the fair value of the derivative assets.
146
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Net gains/(losses) before tax on these contracts, together with certain other commodity-related
contracts and sales of inventory which are not derivatives but are included in the determination of
margins used as the basis for managing Shells commodity trading activities, were $1.4 billion in
2007 (2006: $4.1 billion). The amount relating to contracts accounted for as hedges is not
significant other than losses before tax of $201 million in 2007 (2006: nil) on certain contracts
where the related forecast transactions are no longer highly probable.
[A] INTEREST RATE SWAPS/FORWARD RATE AGREEMENTS
Interest rate swaps held by subsidiaries at December 31 by expected year of maturity are as
follows. The majority are designated as fair value hedges of debt. The variable interest rate
component of contracts is generally linked to inter-bank offer rates. The effective interest rate
on certain debt balances (see Note 19) is affected by such contracts.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
Total contract/ |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
notional amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Dollar |
|
contract/notional amount |
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
3,558 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
average pay rate |
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average receive rate |
|
|
3.4% |
|
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euro |
|
contract/notional amount |
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
average pay rate |
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average receive rate |
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
3,999 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contract/ |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
notional amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Dollar |
|
contract/notional amount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
3,180 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
average pay rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
5.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average receive rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
5.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euro |
|
contract/notional amount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
average pay rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average receive rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
695 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
3,575 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
[B] FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS AND CURRENCY SWAPS
Forward foreign exchange contracts and currency swaps held by subsidiaries at December 31, by
expected year of maturity, are as follows. In general Shell has not considered it necessary to
apply hedge accounting to forward foreign exchange contracts. Certain of the currency swaps are
designated as fair value hedges, mainly of debt. The effective interest rate on certain debt
balances is affected by currency swaps.
FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 (contracts mainly mature in 2008) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
contractual |
|
|
contract/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
exchange |
|
|
notional |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
rate |
|
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Buy euro/sell dollar |
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
10,368 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
Buy UK pound/sell dollar |
|
|
2.01 |
|
|
|
6,142 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Canadian dollar |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
3,201 |
|
|
|
(46 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Norwegian krone |
|
|
5.49 |
|
|
|
2,250 |
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Singapore dollar |
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
1,508 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Danish krone |
|
|
5.14 |
|
|
|
1,435 |
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
Buy Australian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
1,032 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Japanese yen |
|
|
113.23 |
|
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
Buy New Zealand dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.77 |
|
|
|
469 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Swedish krone |
|
|
6.41 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
|
|
Buy UK pound/sell Swedish krone |
|
|
13.01 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
Buy euro/sell Norwegian krone |
|
|
8.04 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Hungarian forint |
|
|
174.65 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
Buy UK pound/sell Norwegian krone |
|
|
10.86 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,455 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc
147
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 (contracts mainly mature in 2007) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
contractual |
|
|
contract/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
exchange |
|
|
notional |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
rate |
|
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Buy UK pound/sell dollar |
|
|
1.96 |
|
|
|
3,899 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Buy euro/sell dollar |
|
|
1.31 |
|
|
|
3,744 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
Buy dollar/sell euro |
|
|
1.32 |
|
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell Danish krone |
|
|
5.63 |
|
|
|
621 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Australian dollar |
|
|
0.78 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
Buy Singapore dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
1.54 |
|
|
|
404 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Buy New Zealand dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Norwegian krone |
|
|
6.22 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Swedish krone |
|
|
6.99 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
Buy Danish krone/sell dollar |
|
|
5.56 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
|
|
Buy euro/sell Swedish krone |
|
|
9.00 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Buy Canadian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Buy Russian ruble/sell dollar |
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Buy Australian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.79 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,125 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
Of the total contract/notional amount at December 31, 2007, $22.3 billion (2006: $9.7 billion)
relates to the outstanding forward leg of contracts in place to manage foreign currency cash
balances.
CURRENCY SWAPS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
contractual |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contract/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
notional |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
rate |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Fixed to
floating interest rates: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy dollar/sell euro |
|
|
1.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,207 |
|
|
|
3,163 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
Buy Canadian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
523 |
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
(229 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell UK pound |
|
|
1.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
998 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Canadian dollar |
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
Buy UK pound/sell dollar |
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
Floating to
floating interest rates: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy dollar/sell UK pound |
|
|
1.91 |
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
Sell dollar/buy euro |
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
Buy dollar/sell euro |
|
|
1.31 |
|
|
|
588 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
588 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
Buy Australian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
(53 |
) |
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
217 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
1,113 |
|
|
|
(82 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,573 |
|
|
|
1,235 |
|
|
|
1,863 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
2,590 |
|
|
|
10,396 |
|
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
contractual |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contract/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
notional |
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
|
rate |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
Fixed to floating interest rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy Canadian dollar/sell dollar |
|
|
0.83 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
565 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,861 |
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
Buy UK pound/sell dollar |
|
|
1.81 |
|
|
|
861 |
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
1,500 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
Buy euro/sell UK pound |
|
|
1.54 |
|
|
|
940 |
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,341 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
Buy dollar/sell UK pound |
|
|
1.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Buy dollar/sell euro |
|
|
1.19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
Buy dollar/sell Canadian dollar |
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
Floating to floating interest rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy dollar/sell euro |
|
|
1.30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
|
|
Buy dollar/sell UK pound |
|
|
1.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
594 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
594 |
|
|
|
|
|
Buy US dollar/Sell Thai baht |
|
|
36.04 |
|
|
|
258 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
268 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
Other contracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
974 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,947 |
|
|
|
2,426 |
|
|
|
1,074 |
|
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
838 |
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
9,354 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
148
Royal Dutch Shell plc
[C] COMMODITY SWAPS, OPTIONS, FUTURES AND FORWARDS
Subsidiaries held commodity swaps, options and futures at December 31, 2007, with a total
contract/notional amount of $184,312 million (2006: $139,348 million) and an estimated fair value
of $257 million (2006: $816 million). These contracts are generally held for trading.
Subsidiaries enter into forward sale and purchase contracts for commodities in their trading
operations which may be settled by the physical delivery or receipt of the commodity and are
recognised at fair value. The total contract/notional amount of these contracts at December 31,
2007, was $238,407 million (2006: $159,434 million), with an estimated fair value of $(1,416)
million (2006: $(964) million).
The majority of contractual maturities are within one year, and all contracts held for trading are
reported as current assets or current liabilities.
[D] OTHER CONTRACTS
Subsidiaries held certain contracts to sell or purchase commodities, and other contracts containing
embedded derivatives, which are required to be recognised at fair value because of pricing or
delivery conditions, even though they are only
entered into to meet operational requirements. The total contract/notional amount of these
contracts at December 31, 2007, was $6,676 million (2006: $6,544 million), with an estimated fair
value of $186 million (2006: $(68) million). These contracts have expected maturity between 2008
and 2025, with certain contracts having early termination rights (for either party).
27
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS AND TREASURY SHARES
[A] SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
There are a number of share-based compensation plans for employees of Shell. Following the
Unification (see Note 1), the underlying shares for all the continuing plans which were previously
Royal Dutch or Shell Transport are now shares of Royal Dutch Shell, and awards and rights under
plans in existence at the time of the Unification have been converted into awards and rights over
Royal Dutch Shell shares; all information in the remainder of this note related to the period prior
to the Unification has also been converted.
All awards and rights over common shares of Shell Canada at the time of the acquisition of the
minority interest in Shell Canada (see Note 28) have been converted into awards and rights over
Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares. The replacement options were designed to be equivalent to the
Shell Canada options. The exercise price and the number of Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares subject
to the replacement options were adjusted to reflect the relative values of the Shell Canada shares
and the Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares. Shell Canada options, which were subject to a performance
condition, were exchanged for replacement options subject to a new Royal Dutch Shell performance
condition.
Information on the principal plans is given below.
Share option plans
Shells share option plans offer eligible employees options over shares of Royal Dutch Shell, at a
price not less than the fair market value of the shares at the date the options were granted. The
options are mainly exercisable three years from grant date. The options lapse 10 years after grant
or, if earlier, on resignation from Shell employment (subject to certain exceptions). No further
grants will be made under the share option plans.
The following table shows, for 2006 and 2007, in respect of the option plans, the number of shares
under option at the beginning of the year, the number of options granted, exercised and
expired/forfeited during the year and the number of shares under option at the end of the year,
together with the weighted average exercise price translated at the respective year-end exchange
rates.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SHARE OPTION PLANS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell group |
|
|
|
Shell Canada |
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
Shell Canada |
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
|
Class B shares |
|
|
|
Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
common shares[A] |
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average |
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
exercise |
|
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
price ($) |
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
price ($) |
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
price ($) |
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
price ($) |
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
price ($) |
|
Under option at January 1, 2006[B] |
|
|
|
64,126 |
|
|
|
29.57 |
|
|
|
|
46,565 |
|
|
|
27.20 |
|
|
|
|
21,948 |
|
|
|
50.52 |
|
|
|
|
20,966 |
|
|
|
16.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,383 |
|
|
|
37.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
(4,284 |
) |
|
|
25.75 |
|
|
|
|
(5,924 |
) |
|
|
28.71 |
|
|
|
|
(4,236 |
) |
|
|
48.65 |
|
|
|
|
(3,071 |
) |
|
|
13.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired/forfeited |
|
|
|
(1,221 |
) |
|
|
36.40 |
|
|
|
|
(690 |
) |
|
|
30.51 |
|
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
48.30 |
|
|
|
|
(871 |
) |
|
|
16.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Under option at December 31, 2006[B] |
|
|
|
58,621 |
|
|
|
33.28 |
|
|
|
|
39,951 |
|
|
|
31.22 |
|
|
|
|
17,669 |
|
|
|
50.97 |
|
|
|
|
21,407 |
|
|
|
21.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transferred[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(20,691 |
) |
|
|
24.65 |
|
|
|
|
24,687 |
|
|
|
19.38 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
(9,932 |
) |
|
|
30.00 |
|
|
|
|
(11,413 |
) |
|
|
29.29 |
|
|
|
|
(4,442 |
) |
|
|
51.05 |
|
|
|
|
(716 |
) |
|
|
17.48 |
|
|
|
|
(8,069 |
) |
|
|
12.99 |
|
Expired/forfeited |
|
|
|
(1,036 |
) |
|
|
44.53 |
|
|
|
|
(220 |
) |
|
|
38.93 |
|
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
50.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
23.47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Under option at December 31, 2007[B] |
|
|
|
47,653 |
|
|
|
38.54 |
|
|
|
|
28,318 |
|
|
|
32.73 |
|
|
|
|
13,221 |
|
|
|
50.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,518 |
|
|
|
22.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Unissued. |
|
[B] |
|
The underlying weighted average exercise prices for Royal Dutch Shell Class A and B shares
under option at December 31, 2007, were 26.20 (2006: 25.36), 15.25 for converted options, and
£16.39 (2006: £15.92) respectively. |
|
[C] |
|
Shell Canada shares under option outstanding after completion of the acquisition of the
minority interest in Shell Canada were converted into Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares under
option. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc
149
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The weighted average market price for exercises in 2007 was $41.87 (2006: $35.66) for Royal Dutch
Shell Class A shares, $39.65 (2006: $38.08) for Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares, and $77.57 (2006:
$68.95) for Royal Dutch Shell Class A ADRs.
In the period until the acquisition of the Shell Canada minority interest in March 2007 (see Note
28), 379,056 options (2006: 2,511,206) were cash-settled at a weighted average market price of
$38.26 (2006: $38.26) and 337,311 options
(2006: 559,902) options were equity-settled at a weighted average market price of $38.11 (2006:
$36.66). After the acquisition of the Shell Canada minority interest, 7,967,715 options were
cash-settled at a weighted average market price of $35.60 and 101,218 options were equity-settled
at a weighted average market price of $39.64.
The following tables provide further information about share options outstanding at December 31,
2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL CLASS A SHARES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding and exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
|
Weighted average |
|
Range of exercise prices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
life (years) |
|
|
exercise price ($) |
|
$25 to $30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,343 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
28.00 |
|
$30 to $35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,557 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
|
|
|
30.38 |
|
$35 to $40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$40 to $45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,965 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
44.08 |
|
$45 to $50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,570 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
45.82 |
|
$50 to $55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,218 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
51.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,653 |
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
38.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL CLASS B SHARES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding and exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
|
Weighted average |
|
Range of exercise prices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
life (years) |
|
|
exercise price ($) |
|
$25 to $28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,295 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
26.77 |
|
$28 to $31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
30.02 |
|
$31 to $34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$34 to $37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,400 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
35.93 |
|
$37 to $40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,058 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
37.66 |
|
$40 to $43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,335 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
42.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,318 |
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
32.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL CLASS A ADRs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding and exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
|
Weighted average |
|
Range of exercise prices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
life (years) |
|
|
exercise price ($) |
|
$40 to $45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,851 |
|
|
|
5.2 |
|
|
|
42.43 |
|
$45 to $50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,315 |
|
|
|
6.0 |
|
|
|
48.70 |
|
$50 to $55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,587 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
54.09 |
|
$55 to $60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
56.57 |
|
$60 to $65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,126 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
60.77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,221 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
|
50.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL CLASS A SHARES AS CONVERTED FROM SHELL CANADA COMMON SHARES |
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding |
|
|
|
Options exercisable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
Weighted average |
|
Range of exercise prices |
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
life (years) |
|
|
exercise price ($) |
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
exercise price ($) |
|
$6 to $12 |
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
8.78 |
|
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
8.78 |
|
$12 to $18 |
|
|
|
4,962 |
|
|
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
14.42 |
|
|
|
|
4,962 |
|
|
|
14.42 |
|
$18 to $24 |
|
|
|
5,843 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
20.89 |
|
|
|
|
1,630 |
|
|
|
20.90 |
|
$24 to $29 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
8.1 |
|
|
|
26.49 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
26.96 |
|
$29 to $35 |
|
|
|
4,953 |
|
|
|
8.2 |
|
|
|
34.38 |
|
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
34.37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,518 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
22.44 |
|
|
|
|
8,260 |
|
|
|
17.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
150
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Performance Share Plan
Shell operates a performance share plan replacing the previous share option plans. Conditional
awards of Royal Dutch Shell shares are made under an amended long-term incentive plan that is
called the performance share plan when making awards to employees who are not Executive Directors.
The actual amount of shares that may vest, ranging from 0 200% of the conditional awards,
depends on the measurement of the prescribed performance conditions. For awards made in 2005 and
2006 the extent to which the awards vest depends on the total shareholder return of Royal Dutch
Shell compared with four of its main competitors over a specific measurement period. For the awards
made in 2007, the extent to which the awards vest will be determined by two performance conditions.
The relative TSR measure over the measurement period will be used (as in previous years) to
determine the vesting of half the award and the other half of the award will be linked to the Shell
Scorecard results. For the shares granted in 2007, the measurement period is three years from
January 1, 2007, (for the shares granted in 2006, the measurement period is three years from
January 1, 2006, and for the shares granted in 2005, the measurement period is three years from
January 1, 2005). Awards made in 2007 to staff employed in the Netherlands at the time of the award
will be cash-settled.
The following table provides more information about the performance shares which were conditionally
awarded in 2006 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PERFORMANCE SHARE PLAN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average |
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
remaining contractual |
|
|
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
(thousands) |
|
|
|
life (years) |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
4,536 |
|
|
|
2,682 |
|
|
|
1,701 |
|
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
Granted |
|
|
|
4,595 |
|
|
|
2,722 |
|
|
|
1,792 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expired/forfeited |
|
|
|
(175 |
) |
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
8,956 |
|
|
|
5,320 |
|
|
|
3,461 |
|
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
Granted |
|
|
|
6,485 |
|
|
|
2,822 |
|
|
|
1,985 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Expired/forfeited |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
(79 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
15,305 |
|
|
|
7,981 |
|
|
|
5,361 |
|
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other principal plans
Employees of participating companies in the UK may participate in the UK Sharesave Scheme. Share
options are granted over Royal Dutch Shell shares at a price set at the date specified in the
invitation. Options are granted on a date not more than 30 days after the option price is
determined and are normally exercisable after a three-year or five-year contractual savings period.
The following table shows for 2006 and 2007, in respect of this scheme, the number of Royal Dutch
Shell Class B shares under option at the beginning of the year, the number of options granted,
exercised and expired/forfeited during the year and the number of shares under option at the end of
the year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UK SHARESAVE SCHEME |
|
thousands |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Under option at January 1 |
|
|
3,010 |
|
|
|
2,967 |
|
Granted |
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
(316 |
) |
Expired/forfeited |
|
|
(361 |
) |
|
|
(335 |
) |
|
|
|
Under option at December 31 |
|
|
2,656 |
|
|
|
3,010 |
|
|
Certain subsidiaries have other plans containing stock appreciation rights linked to the value of
Royal Dutch Shell Class A ADRs. During 2007, 992,579 of these rights were exercised (2006:
2,513,681) and 7,388 were forfeited (2006: nil) leaving a balance at December 31, 2007 of 1,499,974
(2006: 2,499,941).
Valuation assumptions
The valuation assumptions used to estimate Shells share-based compensation expense for the share
option plans and the performance share plan are summarised below.
The fair value of the performance share plans is estimated using a Monte Carlo pricing model. The
risk-free interest rate used in 2007 was 4.6% (2006: 5.0%; 2005: 4.2%). To reflect the long-term
equity characteristics and the term of the awards the valuation was performed using both 10 and
three-year historical volatility, 27.0% and 19.2%, (2006: 24.8% and 19.6%; 2005: 26.3% and 19.4%)
and dividend yield, 3.6% and 4.1% (2006: 3.6% and 4.3%; 2005: 3.4% and 4.2%).
Royal Dutch Shell plc
151
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fair value of the share option plans granted in 2004 was estimated using a Black-Scholes option
pricing model and, other than for the Shell Canada plan, the following assumptions for dollar, euro
and sterling denominated options respectively: risk-free interest rates of 3.5%, 3.1% and 4.9%;
dividend yield of 4.1%, 4.5% and 4.0%; volatility of 28.2%, 30.3% and 31.7% and expected lives of
five to seven years. In 2005, the valuation assumptions for the Shell Canada plan were 3.77% for
risk-free rate, 1.34% for dividend yield, and 20.2% for volatility. A three-year historical
volatility of the Shell Canada share price has been used. For 2006 and 2007 Shell Canada used a
Monte Carlo pricing model using a risk-free rate of 4.0% (2006: 3.8%), and a dividend yield of 3.8%
(2006: 1.1%). The volatility used was 16% for the first 3 years and 20% per annum thereafter (2006:
35% for the first year and 28% per annum thereafter).
The total expense for share-based compensation plans in 2007 was $589 million (2006: $462 million;
2005: $376 million), comprising $373 million relating to equity-settled plans (2006: $302 million;
2005: $162 million) and $216 million relating to cash-settled plans (2006: $160 million; 2005: $214
million). The fair value of share-based compensation granted in 2007 was $472 million (2006: $412
million; 2005: $303 million).
The total liability for cash-settled plans at December 31, 2007, is $461 million (2006: $379
million). The intrinsic value of all vested cash-settled plans at December 31, 2007, is $409
million (2006: $357 million).
[B] TREASURY SHARES
Shell employee share ownership trusts purchase Royal Dutch Shell shares in the open market to meet
future obligations arising from share-based compensation granted to employees. At December 31,
2007, they held 58.0 million Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares (2006: 64.5 million), 35.2 million
Royal Dutch Shell Class B shares (2006: 45.8 million) and 19.7 million Royal Dutch Shell Class A
ADRs (2006: 23.1 million).
The total carrying amount of Royal Dutch Shell shares, which are all held in connection with the
share-based compensation plans, at December 31, 2007, is $2,392 million (2006: $3,316 million).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TRANSACTIONS WITH MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS IN 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Equity attributable to shareholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
|
interest |
|
|
|
equity |
|
Acquisition of Shell Canada |
|
|
|
(5,445 |
) |
|
|
|
(1,639 |
) |
|
|
|
(7,084 |
) |
Partial divestment of Sakhalin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,711 |
) |
|
|
|
(6,711 |
) |
Other changes in minority interest |
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
|
(56 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
(5,473 |
) |
|
|
|
(8,378 |
) |
|
|
|
(13,851 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In March 2007, Shell acquired the minority interest in Shell Canada for a cash consideration of
$7.1 billion. This was reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity as a decrease
in minority interest and in retained earnings of $1,639 million and $5,445 million respectively.
In April 2007, Shell sold half of its interest in Sakhalin II, reducing its interest from 55% to
27.5%, for a sales price of $4.1 billion. As a result of this transaction, Sakhalin II has been
accounted for as an associated company rather than as a subsidiary with effect from April 2007. The
main impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet was a decrease of $15.7
billion in property, plant and equipment and $6.7 billion in minority interest, and an increase in
investments: equity-accounted investments of $3.7 billion.
152
Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Share |
|
|
Share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merger |
|
|
redemption |
|
|
premium |
|
|
plan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reserve[A] |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2005 |
|
|
5,373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
4,142 |
|
|
|
9,688 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
Income/(expense) recognised directly in equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
Effect of Unification |
|
|
(1,929 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,929 |
) |
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
At December 31, 2005 |
|
|
3,444 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
(224 |
) |
|
|
3,584 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
813 |
|
|
|
813 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
Income/(expense) recognised directly in equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,671 |
|
|
|
4,671 |
|
Effect of Unification[B] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
Share repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
3,444 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
4,447 |
|
|
|
8,820 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
(340 |
) |
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
Income/(expense) recognised directly in equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,933 |
|
|
|
4,933 |
|
Share repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
386 |
[C] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
3,444 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
1,122 |
|
|
|
9,380 |
|
|
|
14,148 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
The merger reserve was established as a consequence of the Unification (see Note 1). It relates
primarily to the difference between the nominal value of Royal Dutch Shell plc shares issued and
the nominal value of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and Shell Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c.
shares received. |
|
[B] |
|
The share premium reserve arose on conversion of loan notes, which were issued consequential to
the Unification (see Note 1), into 4,827,974 Royal Dutch Shell Class A shares. |
|
[C] |
|
Includes related deferred taxation recognised directly in equity of $55 million in 2007 (2006:
$82 million; 2005: $16 million). |
Other comprises currency translation differences, unrealised gains and losses on securities and
unrealised gains and losses on cash flow hedges. Further details are given below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(expense) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
recognised directly in equity for 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 1, 2007 |
|
|
|
Pre-tax |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
After tax |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,044 |
|
|
|
(331 |
) |
|
|
5,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(324 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(324 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences net of reclassifications |
|
|
2,392 |
|
|
|
|
5,720 |
|
|
|
(331 |
) |
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
|
7,781 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
565 |
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,065 |
)[A] |
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
(851 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities net of reclassifications |
|
|
2,295 |
|
|
|
|
(500 |
) |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
|
1,955 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
(295 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gain/(losses) on cash flow hedges net of |
|
|
(240 |
) |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
(173 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
|
(356 |
) |
reclassifications |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
4,447 |
|
|
|
|
5,277 |
|
|
|
(344 |
) |
|
|
4,933 |
|
|
|
|
9,380 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Includes $(952) million reclassified to other income (see Note 5[A]) following the sale of the
equity portfolio held by Shells insurance companies and Shells interest in Enterprise Product
Partners. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc
153
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(expense) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
recognised directly in equity for 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
Pre-tax |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
After tax |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,157 |
|
|
|
(417 |
) |
|
|
3,740 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences net of reclassifications |
|
|
(1,323 |
) |
|
|
|
4,132 |
|
|
|
(417 |
) |
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
|
2,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
(97 |
) |
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities net of reclassifications |
|
|
1,482 |
|
|
|
|
877 |
|
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
813 |
|
|
|
|
2,295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gain/(losses) on cash flow hedges net of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reclassifications |
|
|
(383 |
) |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
|
(240 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
(224 |
) |
|
|
|
5,204 |
|
|
|
(533 |
) |
|
|
4,671 |
|
|
|
|
4,447 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(expense) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
recognised directly in equity for 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 1, 2005 |
|
|
|
Pre-tax |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
After tax |
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2005 |
|
Currency translation differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,442 |
) |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(4,465 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences net of reclassifications |
|
|
3,126 |
|
|
|
|
(4,426 |
) |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
|
|
|
(1,323 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
383 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(114 |
) |
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
(73 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities net of reclassifications |
|
|
1,173 |
|
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
|
1,482 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(413 |
) |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
(221 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealised gain/(losses) on cash flow hedges net of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reclassifications |
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
|
(418 |
) |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
(226 |
) |
|
|
|
(383 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
4,142 |
|
|
|
|
(4,575 |
) |
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
(4,366 |
) |
|
|
|
(224 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Interim
dividends paid: $1.405 per Class A share (2006: $1.225; 2005:
$1.52)[A] |
|
|
5,154 |
|
|
|
4,726 |
|
|
|
6,241 |
|
Interim
dividends paid: $1.405 per Class B share (2006: $1.225; 2005:
$1.55)[A] |
|
|
3,847 |
|
|
|
3,416 |
|
|
|
4,315 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
9,001 |
|
|
|
8,142 |
|
|
|
10,556 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Dividends for 2006 and 2005 were declared in euro and have been translated, for comparison
purposes, to US dollars (based on the conversion of US dollar dividend in respect of American
Depositary Receipts (ADR) in the applicable period; one ADR is equal to two ordinary shares). |
In addition, on January 31, 2008, the Directors proposed a further interim dividend in respect of
2007 of $0.36 per Class A share and $0.36 per Class B share, payable on March 12, 2008, which will
absorb an estimated $2,283 million of shareholders funds.
154
Royal Dutch Shell plc
31
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows reflects the cash flows arising from the activities of
Royal Dutch Shell and its subsidiaries as measured in their own currencies, translated to dollars
at quarterly average rates of exchange.
Accordingly, the cash flows recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows exclude both the
currency translation differences which arise as a result of translating the assets and liabilities
of non-dollar subsidiaries to dollars at year-end
rates of exchange (except for those arising on cash and cash equivalents) and non-cash investing
and financing activities. These currency translation differences and non-cash investing and
financing activities must therefore be added to the cash flow movements at average rates in order
to arrive at the movements derived from the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
arising from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
|
Statement of |
|
|
currency |
|
|
Non-cash |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
|
Cash Flows |
|
|
translation |
|
|
movements |
|
|
|
Balance Sheet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment |
|
|
5,412 |
|
|
|
6,374 |
|
|
|
(10,695 |
) |
|
|
|
1,091 |
|
Investments |
|
|
2,356 |
|
|
|
554 |
|
|
|
4,471 |
|
|
|
|
7,381 |
|
Deferred tax |
|
|
915 |
|
|
|
(867 |
) |
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
|
340 |
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
1,989 |
|
|
|
535 |
|
|
|
(599 |
) |
|
|
|
1,925 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
7,038 |
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
(350 |
) |
|
|
|
8,288 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
12,876 |
|
|
|
2,386 |
|
|
|
(692 |
) |
|
|
|
14,570 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
654 |
|
Current debt |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
324 |
|
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities |
|
|
(13,220 |
) |
|
|
(3,143 |
) |
|
|
2,115 |
|
|
|
|
(14,248 |
) |
Taxes payable |
|
|
(2,738 |
) |
|
|
(850 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
|
|
(3,712 |
) |
Non-current debt |
|
|
(2,151 |
) |
|
|
(699 |
) |
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
(2,650 |
) |
Other non-current liabilities |
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(1,440 |
) |
|
|
(1,462 |
) |
|
|
|
(2,940 |
) |
Minority interest |
|
|
6,960 |
|
|
|
876 |
|
|
|
(625 |
) |
|
|
|
7,211 |
|
Treasury shares |
|
|
(876 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Other items |
|
|
12,424 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
7,517 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
31,926 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences (see Note 29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movement in equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,234 |
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc
155
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
arising from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
|
Statement of |
|
|
currency |
|
|
Non-cash |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
|
Cash Flows |
|
|
translation |
|
|
movements |
|
|
|
Balance Sheet |
|
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment |
|
|
9,034 |
|
|
|
3,358 |
|
|
|
1,496 |
|
|
|
|
13,888 |
|
Investments |
|
|
1,772 |
|
|
|
1,445 |
|
|
|
1,439 |
|
|
|
|
4,656 |
|
Deferred tax |
|
|
(654 |
) |
|
|
(442 |
) |
|
|
(829 |
) |
|
|
|
(1,925 |
) |
Other non-current assets |
|
|
1,315 |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
1,112 |
|
|
|
|
2,817 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
2,520 |
|
|
|
958 |
|
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
|
3,439 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
(8,475 |
) |
|
|
2,035 |
|
|
|
(278 |
) |
|
|
|
(6,718 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(2,906 |
) |
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,728 |
) |
Current debt |
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
(722 |
) |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and current liabilities |
|
|
8,536 |
|
|
|
(1,627 |
) |
|
|
(732 |
) |
|
|
|
6,177 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
4,293 |
|
|
|
(691 |
) |
|
|
(841 |
) |
|
|
|
2,761 |
|
Non-current debt |
|
|
(2,332 |
) |
|
|
805 |
|
|
|
(608 |
) |
|
|
|
(2,135 |
) |
Other non-current liabilities |
|
|
(559 |
) |
|
|
(1,354 |
) |
|
|
(576 |
) |
|
|
|
(2,489 |
) |
Minority interest |
|
|
(1,145 |
) |
|
|
(939 |
) |
|
|
(135 |
) |
|
|
|
(2,219 |
) |
Treasury shares |
|
|
(493 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other items |
|
|
15,257 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
26,311 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences (see Note 29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movement in equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movements |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
arising from |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from |
|
|
|
Statement of |
|
|
currency |
|
|
Non-cash |
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
|
Cash Flows |
|
|
translation |
|
|
movements |
|
|
|
Balance Sheet |
|
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment |
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
(3,595 |
) |
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
(538 |
) |
Investments |
|
|
(2,306 |
) |
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
|
(1,313 |
) |
Deferred tax |
|
|
1,515 |
|
|
|
784 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
|
2,167 |
|
Other non-current assets |
|
|
(1,806 |
) |
|
|
(186 |
) |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
(1,922 |
) |
Inventories |
|
|
5,329 |
|
|
|
(892 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
|
4,401 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
30,934 |
|
|
|
(2,032 |
) |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
28,913 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
2,779 |
|
|
|
(250 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,529 |
|
Current debt |
|
|
821 |
|
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
(275 |
) |
|
|
|
396 |
|
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and current liabilities |
|
|
(31,301 |
) |
|
|
405 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
(30,784 |
) |
Taxes payable |
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
831 |
|
|
|
(790 |
) |
|
|
|
276 |
|
Non-current debt |
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
826 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
1,280 |
|
Other non-current liabilities |
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
|
1,136 |
|
Minority interest |
|
|
(850 |
) |
|
|
(939 |
) |
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
|
(1,687 |
) |
Treasury shares |
|
|
(367 |
) |
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other items |
|
|
17,239 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
26,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency translation differences (see Note 29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,449 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movement in equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,854 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other items in 2007 include dividends paid to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell of $9.0 billion
(2006: $8.1 billion; 2005: $10.6 billion), net repurchase of shares of $4.4 billion (2006: $8.0
billion; 2005: $5.0 billion) and, in 2005, payments to former Royal Dutch shareholders of $1.7
billion.
Non-cash movements in 2007 mainly relate to the impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of the
change in accounting status of Sakhalin II (see Note 28) and the results of a review of the
estimated provision for decommissioning and restoration (see Note 22).
Non-cash movements in 2006 mainly relate to the impact on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of new
finance leases, acquisitions and the results of a review of the estimated provision for
decommissioning and restoration (see Note 22).
156
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Groundwater
contamination
Shell Oil Company (including subsidiaries and affiliates, referred to
collectively as SOC), along with numerous other defendants, have been sued by
public and quasi-public water purveyors, as well as governmental entities,
alleging responsibility for groundwater contamination caused by releases of
gasoline-containing oxygenate additives. Most of these suits assert various
theories of liability, including product liability, and seek to recover actual
damages, including clean-up costs. Some assert claims for punitive damages. As
of December 31, 2007, there were 79 such suits pending against SOC and many
other defendants (including major energy and refining companies). 72 of those
matters have been consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the US District
Court for the Southern District of New York and seven are pending in other state
and federal courts.
SOC (including its subsidiaries and affiliates) and certain
other defendants have entered into an agreement in principle with certain
plaintiffs to settle 59 cases (53 of which are brought by public, quasi-public,
or governmental water purveyors). Upon execution of the settlement agreement,
the parties will seek court approval of the settlement and dismissal of all
claims against SOC and others in the 59 cases. In the fourth quarter of 2007,
management of the Shell group established a provision of $35.7 million,
representing an amount approximating SOCs share of the proposed settlement.
Motiva Enterprises LLC, one-half of which is owned by subsidiaries of SOC, has
established a provision of $27.2 million, representing an amount approximating
Motivas share of the proposed settlement.
If the settlement described above is
approved, 26 water purveyor matters will remain. These matters are at a
preliminary stage. Proceedings were effectively stayed in 24 of the cases and no
discovery or other activity has occurred in them. In the other two cases,
discovery has barely begun. Thus, the extent of alleged contamination and
damages claimed as a result are not known. Further, it has not been determined
whether product liability may be imposed and, if so, how liability might be
apportioned among the many defendants or whether punitive damages might be
available. At present, there are no deadlines for discovery, dispositive
motions, or trials in any of the 26 cases that are not included in the
settlement agreement in principle. A number of these matters assert damages from
contamination threats, rather than actual contamination. Management of the Shell
group believes that SOC has no liability in respect of threat-only claims. In
2007, SOC defended a suit brought by the Plainview (New York) Water District
(Plainview) in which damages were sought for threats, but no actual damage, to
water wells. After a multi-month trial, the Nassau County Supreme Court
dismissed Plainviews claims.
In light of the foregoing, management of the Shell group
does not currently believe that the outcome of the remaining oxygenate-related
litigation pending as of December 31, 2007 will have a material impact on the
Shell group.
Recategorisation
of hydrocarbon reserves
A consolidated shareholder class action pending in the US District Court in New Jersey alleges losses
related to the 2004 recategorisations of certain hydrocarbon reserves. Lead
plaintiffs are the Pennsylvania State Employees Retirement System and the
Pennsylvania Public School Employees Retirement System. In addition, certain
Dutch pension funds, and German and Luxembourg institutional shareholders filed
two related actions that were consolidated with the existing class action for
pre-trial purposes.
Following dismissal of a number of original defendants in
the class action, the remaining defendants are: Royal Dutch Petroleum Company
(now merged into Shell Petroleum N.V.), The Shell Transport and Trading
Company, plc (referred to collectively as Shell), PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP and
KPMG Accountants N.V. Although the class action complaint was pled on behalf of
a worldwide class of purchasers who purchased Shell shares during the period of
April 8, 1999 through March 18, 2004 (the Relevant Period), the US District
Court determined that it did not have jurisdiction over the claims of non-US
purchasers and that decision became final on January 7, 2008.
On April 11, 2007,
Shell reached a settlement of asserted and unasserted claims arising out of the
recategorisation with representatives of purchasers who both resided and
purchased Shell shares outside of the USA during the Relevant Period (Non-US
Settlement). The parties to the Non-US Settlement include a shareholders
foundation, certain of Shells institutional investors, and other shareholders
rights organisations. The terms of the Non-US Settlement agreement principally
include settlement relief of $352.6 million to be distributed to the non-US
purchasers pursuant to a plan of distribution proposed in the Non-US Settlement,
along with certain other relief. The Non-US Settlement agreement (and an
amendment to it executed on February 27, 2008) was filed with the Amsterdam
Court of Appeals, which has exclusive jurisdiction under Dutch law to determine
whether the agreement should be declared binding to the non-US purchasers
included within its terms.
The Non-US Settlement is subject to (i) a
determination by the Amsterdam Court of Appeals whether to declare the
settlement binding for all shareholders that it covers and (ii) agreed opt-out
provisions. The Dutch Court has notified the parties to the Non-US Settlement
that it currently plans to hold a hearing to address whether to issue a binding
declaration regarding the Non-US Settlement either late in 2008 or early in 2009,
but no hearing has yet been scheduled. Shell cannot
predict how the Dutch court will rule on the request that it declare the
settlement agreement to be binding on all stock purchasers covered by its terms.
Nor can Shell predict how many covered purchasers will file defenses to the
Non-US Settlement or exercise their opt-out right and ask to be excluded from
the agreement should the Dutch court declare the agreement binding.
On March 4, 2008, Shell reached an agreement in principle to settle the class action brought
by the US purchasers (US Settlement), which complements the Non-US Settlement.
The US Settlement is subject to specified conditions, including the execution of
a definitive settlement agreement and securing the approvals of the Boards of
Directors of the relevant Shell companies, the relevant governmental authorities
of the State of Pennsylvania, and the US District Court in New Jersey. Among
other things, the US Settlement provides to all persons and entities who
purchased Shell shares on US markets and all US persons and entities who
purchased Shell shares on non-US markets during the Relevant Period, the
following relief: (i) settlement relief of $82.8 million to be distributed to US
purchasers pursuant to the plan of distribution that plaintiffs in the US
Settlement will prepare, (ii) interest on settlement amounts from April 1, 2008 (and
Royal Dutch Shell plc
157
providing the same relief to participants in the Non-US Settlement),
and (iii) the US purchasers and participants in the Non-US Settlement
collectively would receive an additional payment of $35 million, divided in
accordance with proportions determined in the two proposed settlements. Shell
would also pay (i) US class counsels fees and expenses (subject to certain
caps) upon application to and approval by the US District Court in New Jersey
and (ii) the costs of administering the US Settlement. As with the Non-US
Settlement, stock purchasers covered by the US Settlement will be allowed to
opt-out of it.
Shell cannot predict whether the parties will be able to
negotiate and execute a definitive settlement agreement. Nor can it predict
assuming a settlement agreement is executed how (or when) the US District
Court will rule on whether the settlement agreement should be approved or how
many covered purchasers will object to the settlement or exercise their opt-out
rights and ask to be excluded from the settlement.
Other
Shell subsidiaries are subject to a number of other loss contingencies arising
out of litigation and claims brought by governmental and private parties, which
are handled in the ordinary course of business. The operations and earnings of
Shell subsidiaries continue, from time to time, to be affected to varying
degrees by political, legislative, fiscal, and regulatory developments,
including those relating to the protection of the environment and indigenous
groups, in the countries in which they operate. The industries in which Shell
subsidiaries are engaged are also subject to physical risks of various types.
The nature and frequency of these developments and events, not all of which are
covered by insurance, as well as their effect on future operations and earnings,
are unpredictable.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) became the sole auditors as
of November 7, 2005. Prior to that date the audit was performed jointly with
KPMG.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] REMUNERATION FOR SUPPLY OF SERVICES TO SUBSIDIARIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
PwC |
|
|
PwC |
|
|
PwC |
|
|
KPMG |
|
|
Total |
|
Auditor
remuneration[A] |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Audit of accounts of subsidiaries
[B] |
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
Total audit fees |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
|
Total audit-related services
(other services provided pursuant to legislation) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
Taxation services
[C] |
|
|
[D] |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
Other services |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Audit of the Parent Company Financial Statements and the Consolidated Financial Statements
of Royal Dutch Shell, including the audit of the Shell group consolidation
returns. |
|
[B] |
|
All other audit fees. |
|
[C] |
|
Fees primarily for tax compliance. |
|
[D] |
|
Less than $1 million. |
[B] REMUNERATION FOR SUPPLY OF SERVICES IN RELATION TO RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS FOR EMPLOYEES OF SUBSIDIARIES
During 2005, 2006 and 2007 PwC provided audit services to retirement benefit plans for employees of
subsidiaries. Remuneration amounted to $1 million in 2007 (2006: $1 million; 2005: $1 million). Fees for services rendered by
KPMG amounted to less than $0.5 million in 2005.
Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing the income attributable to the
shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc for
the year by the weighted average number of Class A and B shares outstanding during the year.
The diluted earnings per share is based on the same income figures. The weighted average number of
shares outstanding during the
year is adjusted for the number of shares related to share option schemes.
Earnings per share are identical for Class A and Class B shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to shareholders of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted |
|
|
Diluted weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
average number of |
|
|
average number of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing |
|
|
Discontinued |
|
|
Class A and B |
|
|
Class A and B |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
operations |
|
|
operations |
|
|
shares |
|
|
shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
31,331 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,263,762,972 |
|
|
|
6,283,759,171 |
|
2006 |
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
25,442 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,413,384,207 |
|
|
|
6,439,977,316 |
|
2005 |
|
|
25,311 |
|
|
|
25,618 |
|
|
|
(307 |
) |
|
|
6,674,179,767 |
|
|
|
6,694,427,705 |
|
|
158
Royal Dutch Shell plc
35
OIL AND GAS
EXPLORATION
AND PRODUCTION
ACTIVITIES
The information below reflects the change in 2007 in the accounting treatment of Sakhalin II
(included in Middle East, Russia, CIS) from a subsidiary to an equity-accounted investment (see
Note 28).
[A] CAPITALISED COSTS
The aggregate amount of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets of subsidiaries
relating to oil and gas exploration and production activities and the aggregate amount of the
related depreciation, depletion and amortisation at December 31, are shown in the table below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved
properties[A] |
|
|
122,572 |
|
|
|
117,496 |
|
Unproved properties |
|
|
11,312 |
|
|
|
8,910 |
|
Support equipment and facilities |
|
|
5,156 |
|
|
|
5,132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
139,040 |
|
|
|
131,538 |
|
|
|
|
Depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved
properties[A] |
|
|
80,369 |
|
|
|
69,433 |
|
Unproved properties |
|
|
1,678 |
|
|
|
1,633 |
|
Support equipment and facilities |
|
|
2,668 |
|
|
|
2,401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,715 |
|
|
|
73,467 |
|
|
|
|
Net capitalised costs |
|
|
54,325 |
|
|
|
58,071 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Includes capitalised asset retirement costs and related depreciation. |
The Shell share of equity-accounted investments net capitalised costs was $14,949 million at
December 31, 2007 (2006: $8,876 million).
[B] COSTS INCURRED
Costs incurred by subsidiaries during the year in oil and gas property acquisition, exploration and
development activities, whether capitalised or charged to income currently, are shown in the table
below. Development costs exclude costs of acquiring support equipment and facilities, but include
depreciation thereon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Acquisition of properties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Unproved |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
611 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
807 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
419 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
|
1,066 |
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
|
3,209 |
|
Development
[A] |
|
|
|
3,285 |
|
|
|
2,108 |
|
|
|
836 |
|
|
|
2,966 |
|
|
|
|
2,315 |
|
|
|
1,015 |
|
|
|
|
12,525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Acquisition of properties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
|
503 |
|
Unproved |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
3,053 |
|
|
|
|
3,247 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
327 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
|
|
|
2,508 |
|
Development[A] |
|
|
|
3,254 |
|
|
|
1,758 |
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
|
3,889 |
|
|
|
|
1,719 |
|
|
|
973 |
|
|
|
|
12,519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Acquisition of properties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proved |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
166 |
|
Unproved |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
217 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
|
650 |
|
Exploration |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
|
1,417 |
|
Development[A] |
|
|
|
1,850 |
|
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
|
791 |
|
|
|
3,558 |
|
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
554 |
|
|
|
|
9,159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Includes capitalised asset retirement costs. |
|
[B] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
|
[C] |
|
Includes the Caspian region and Egypt. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 159
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Included in exploration costs are $594 million (2006: $388 million, 2005: $103 million) of mainly
drilling costs associated with maturing fields for which shell has taken a final investment
decision but for which no proved reserves have yet been recorded.
The Shell share of equity-accounted investments costs incurred was $4,317 million in 2007 (2006:
$2,426 million; 2005: $1,901 million) mainly in Asia Pacific $1,863 million (2006: $909 million;
2005: $709 million), Middle East, Russia,
CIS $1,811 million (2006: $838 million; 2005: $710 million), Europe $308 million (2006: $383
million; 2005: $289 million) and USA $245 million (2006: $283 million; 2005: $193 million).
[C] EARNINGS
Earnings of subsidiaries from oil and gas exploration and production activities are given in the
table below. Certain purchases of traded product are netted into revenue.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[B] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
3,750 |
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
|
2,297 |
|
|
|
1,324 |
|
|
|
|
3,099 |
|
|
|
1,513 |
|
|
|
|
12,658 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
11,654 |
|
|
|
8,955 |
|
|
|
2,022 |
|
|
|
8,427 |
|
|
|
|
5,765 |
|
|
|
1,522 |
|
|
|
|
38,345 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
15,404 |
|
|
|
9,630 |
|
|
|
4,319 |
|
|
|
9,751 |
|
|
|
|
8,864 |
|
|
|
3,035 |
|
|
|
|
51,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production costs |
|
|
|
2,834 |
|
|
|
2,069 |
|
|
|
1,126 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
|
1,316 |
|
|
|
879 |
|
|
|
|
9,122 |
|
Exploration expense |
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
254 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
1,822 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
3,311 |
|
|
|
1,945 |
|
|
|
1,014 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
|
2,183 |
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
|
9,432 |
|
Other income/(costs) |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
(1,668 |
) |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
(1,544 |
) |
|
|
|
(398 |
) |
|
|
(752 |
) |
|
|
|
(4,152 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before taxation |
|
|
|
9,188 |
|
|
|
3,694 |
|
|
|
2,023 |
|
|
|
6,701 |
|
|
|
|
4,292 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
|
26,475 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
|
4,961 |
|
|
|
2,283 |
|
|
|
619 |
|
|
|
6,069 |
|
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
|
15,372 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings after taxation |
|
|
|
4,227 |
|
|
|
1,411 |
|
|
|
1,404 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
|
2,804 |
|
|
|
625 |
|
|
|
|
11,103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[B] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
5,937 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
2,204 |
|
|
|
2,352 |
|
|
|
|
2,339 |
|
|
|
1,567 |
|
|
|
|
14,788 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
11,287 |
|
|
|
7,393 |
|
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
7,764 |
|
|
|
|
6,266 |
|
|
|
1,480 |
|
|
|
|
35,796 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
17,224 |
|
|
|
7,782 |
|
|
|
3,810 |
|
|
|
10,116 |
|
|
|
|
8,605 |
|
|
|
3,047 |
|
|
|
|
50,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production costs |
|
|
|
2,636 |
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
1,018 |
|
|
|
|
1,270 |
|
|
|
774 |
|
|
|
|
8,143 |
|
Exploration expense |
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
|
1,398 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
3,498 |
|
|
|
1,508 |
|
|
|
797 |
|
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
|
|
9,165 |
|
Other income/(costs) |
|
|
|
(781 |
) |
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
(1,372 |
) |
|
|
|
(649 |
) |
|
|
(586 |
) |
|
|
|
(3,592 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before taxation |
|
|
|
10,095 |
|
|
|
4,221 |
|
|
|
1,983 |
|
|
|
7,121 |
|
|
|
|
4,392 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
|
28,286 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
|
6,381 |
|
|
|
2,170 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
5,857 |
|
|
|
|
1,538 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
|
16,817 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings after taxation |
|
|
|
3,714 |
|
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
1,243 |
|
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
|
|
2,854 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
|
11,469 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middle East, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Russia, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
|
|
CIS[B] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third parties |
|
|
|
3,399 |
|
|
|
(314 |
) |
|
|
1,288 |
|
|
|
2,255 |
|
|
|
|
2,850 |
|
|
|
1,458 |
|
|
|
|
10,936 |
|
Intersegment |
|
|
|
9,869 |
|
|
|
7,503 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
6,193 |
|
|
|
|
5,050 |
|
|
|
1,356 |
|
|
|
|
31,579 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
13,268 |
|
|
|
7,189 |
|
|
|
2,896 |
|
|
|
8,448 |
|
|
|
|
7,900 |
|
|
|
2,814 |
|
|
|
|
42,515 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production costs |
|
|
|
2,245 |
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
|
1,040 |
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
|
7,349 |
|
Exploration expense |
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
246 |
|
|
|
|
1,158 |
|
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation |
|
|
|
3,888 |
|
|
|
844 |
|
|
|
679 |
|
|
|
521 |
|
|
|
|
1,629 |
|
|
|
820 |
|
|
|
|
8,381 |
|
Other income/(costs) |
|
|
|
(413 |
) |
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
(765 |
) |
|
|
|
(346 |
) |
|
|
(456 |
) |
|
|
|
(1,639 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings before taxation |
|
|
|
6,509 |
|
|
|
4,265 |
|
|
|
1,759 |
|
|
|
6,218 |
|
|
|
|
4,507 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
23,988 |
|
Taxation |
|
|
|
3,767 |
|
|
|
3,526 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
4,986 |
|
|
|
|
1,533 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
|
14,523 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings after taxation |
|
|
|
2,742 |
|
|
|
739 |
|
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
1,232 |
|
|
|
|
2,974 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
|
9,465 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Excludes Egypt. |
|
[B] |
|
Includes the Caspian region and Egypt. |
160 Royal Dutch Shell plc
The Shell share of equity-accounted investments earnings was $3,583 million in 2007 (2006: $3,075
million; 2005: $4,112 million) mainly in Europe $1,667 million (2006: $1,411 million; 2005: $2,854
million), USA $929 million (2006: $875 million; 2005: $723 million) and Asia Pacific $686 million
(2006: $725 million; 2005: $588 million).
36
POST BALANCE
SHEET EVENTS
Since December 31, 2007, additional purchases of shares have been made under the Companys buyback
programme. At February 26, 2008, a further 21,280,000 Class A shares (representing 0.3% of Royal
Dutch Shells issued share capital at December 31, 2007) had been purchased for cancellation at a
total cost of $796 million including expenses, at an average price of 25.23 and 1,892.73 pence per
Class A share.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 161
Index to the Supplementary
Information
Oil and gas (unaudited)
RESERVES
Net quantities (which are unaudited)[A] of proved oil and gas reserves are shown in the
tables on pages 164 to 167. Proved reserves are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas
and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty
to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating
conditions, i.e. prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Proved developed oil and
gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing
equipment and operating methods. The unaudited reserve volumes reported exclude volumes
attributable to oil and gas discoveries that are not at present considered proved. Such volumes
will be included when technical, fiscal and other conditions allow them to be economically
developed and produced.
Proved reserves are shown net of any quantities of crude oil or natural gas that are expected to be
taken by others as royalties in kind but do not exclude quantities related to royalties expected to
be paid in cash (except in North America and in other situations in which the royalty quantities
are owned by others) or those related to fixed margin contracts. Proved reserves include certain
quantities of crude oil or natural gas that will be produced under arrangements that involve Shell
subsidiaries in upstream risks and rewards but do not transfer title of the product to those
companies.
Oil and gas reserves cannot be measured exactly since estimation of reserves involves subjective
judgement. These estimates remain subject to revision and are unaudited supplementary information.
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Reserves, reserves volumes and reserves related information and disclosure are referred to as
unaudited as a means of clarifying that this information is not covered by the audit opinion of
the independent registered accounting firm that has audited and reported on the Consolidated
Financial Statements or the Parent Company Financial Statements. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 163
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION OIL AND GAS (UNAUDITED)
CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS
Shell subsidiaries estimated net proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas liquids at the end of the year, their share of the net proved reserves of equity-accounted investments at the end of the year, and the changes in such reserves during the year are set out below.
Significant changes in crude oil and natural gas liquids proved developed and undeveloped reserves
are discussed below:
2007 COMPARED TO 2006
Shell subsidiaries
Africa The downward revision of 132 million barrels in revisions and reclassifications
was primarily related to the deferral of projects as result of a reduced funding level imposed
by joint venture partners, the security situation and re-evaluations in a number of fields
following the acquisition of new performance data, partly offset by better performance in
deep-water fields.
Middle East, Russia, CIS The increase of 66 million barrels in extensions and discoveries was
primarily related to the extension of proved area as result of development drilling in
Kashagan. The decrease of 189 million barrels in sales of minerals in place was related to the
reduction of Shells interest in the Sakhalin II project.
Shell share of equity-accounted investments
Middle East, Russia, CIS The upward revision of 103 million barrels in revisions and
reclassifications was primarily related to the change in reporting of Sakhalin II volumes from
subsidiary to an equity-accounted investment. The upward revision of 65 million barrels in
extensions and discoveries is primarily related to the maturation of the LNG project in Qatar
following signing of the sale and purchase agreement.
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED RESERVES
|
|
million barrels 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[C] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
711 |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
1,082 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
3,270 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Improved recovery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(189 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(204 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
|
(121 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(85 |
) |
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(510 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
615 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
2,751 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
Improved recovery |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
(73 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(153 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests share of subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED RESERVES
|
|
million barrels 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[C] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
533 |
|
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
1,456 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] Excludes Egypt.
[B] Excludes Sakhalin.
[C] Includes Caspian region, Egypt and Sakhalin.
164 Royal Dutch Shell plc
2006 COMPARED TO 2005
Shell subsidiaries
Africa As a result of the damage to our production facilities due to civil unrest in
Nigeria, Shell has reclassified 127 million barrels from proved developed reserves to proved
undeveloped reserves.
Middle East, Russia, CIS The increase of 186 million barrels in extensions and discoveries was
primarily related to the recognition of NGL reserves for our GTL project in Qatar, which took
final investment decision during 2006.
Other Western Hemisphere The increase of 68 million barrels in purchases of minerals in place
was related to the Shell Canada acquisition of BlackRock.
Shell share of equity-accounted investments
Middle East, Russia, CIS The downward revision of 55 million barrels in revisions and
reclassifications was primarily
related to a combination of the acquisition of new well and performance data and changing
economic conditions.
USA The downward revision of 80 million barrels in revisions and reclassifications was
primarily related to the re-evaluation of reserves in a non-operated field as a result of
new production data.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million barrels 2006 |
|
|
|
million barrels 2005 |
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia,
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia,
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
882 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
993 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
3,466 |
|
|
|
953 |
|
|
|
1,145 |
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
458 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
3,745 |
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
(206 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(563 |
) |
|
|
(195 |
) |
|
|
(136 |
) |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(111 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(599 |
) |
|
|
|
|
711 |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
1,082 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
3,270 |
|
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
882 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
993 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
3,466 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,170 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
(112 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(148 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
million barrels 2006 |
|
|
|
million barrels 2005 |
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia,
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia,
CIS[C] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
2,017 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
617 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
2,323 |
|
|
|
|
533 |
|
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
2,017 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
360 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
881 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
360 |
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
911 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
360 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
881 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 165
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION OIL AND GAS (UNAUDITED)
NATURAL GAS
Shell subsidiaries estimated net proved reserves of natural gas at the end of the year,
their share of the net proved reserves of equity-accounted investments at the end of the year, and
the changes in such reserves during the year are set out below. The volumes in the table below have
not been adjusted to standard heat content. Apart from integrated LNG and GTL projects, volumes of
gas are reported on an as-sold basis and are treated as equivalent without regard to the quality
of the gas (e.g. with respect to the inert gas content thereof or the various hydrocarbon
components). The price used to calculate future revenues and cash flows from proved gas reserves is
that realised at year-end based on as-sold volumes. For integrated LNG and GTL projects the
volumes reported are those measured at a designated transfer point between the upstream and
downstream portions of the integrated project and reflect the composition of the gas stream at this
point. As such, the realised or the applicable integrated project transfer price reflects the
quality of the gas, both in terms of inert components that reduce gas quality and hydrocarbon
components with high molecular weights that enrich the quality of the gas.
Significant changes in natural gas proved developed and undeveloped reserves are discussed below:
2007 COMPARED TO 2006
Shell subsidiaries
Europe The increase of 537 thousand million scf in extensions and discoveries was primarily
related to the maturation of various development projects in Norway.
Africa The downward revision of 348 thousand million scf in revisions and reclassifications was
primarily related the deferral of projects as result of a reduced funding level imposed by joint
venture partners, the security situation and re-evaluations in a number of fields following the
acquisition of new performance data.
Middle East, Russia, CIS The decrease of 5,046 thousand million scf in sales of minerals in place
was related to the dilution of Shells interest in the Sakhalin II project. The downward revision
of 1,218 thousand million scf in revisions and reclassifications was primarily related to the
change in reporting of Sakhalin II volumes from subsidiary to an equity-accounted investment,
partly offset by an upward revision in the Qatar GTL project.
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED AND UNDEVELOPED RESERVES[A] |
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[D] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
4,951 |
|
|
|
2,089 |
|
|
|
5,485 |
|
|
|
13,582 |
|
|
|
2,629 |
|
|
|
1,322 |
|
|
|
30,058 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
(348 |
) |
|
|
278 |
|
|
|
(1,218 |
) |
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
(864 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Improved recovery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
1,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place |
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,046 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,246 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
(662 |
) |
|
|
(213 |
) |
|
|
(619 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
(411 |
) |
|
|
(181 |
) |
|
|
(2,177 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
4,903 |
|
|
|
1,593 |
|
|
|
5,252 |
|
|
|
7,352 |
|
|
|
2,468 |
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
22,825 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
11,902 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14,084 |
|
|
|
|
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
244 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
1,881 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
2,252 |
|
|
|
|
|
Improved recovery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
2,555 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of minerals in place |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of minerals in place |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
(561 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(821 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
11,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,044 |
|
|
|
4,436 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,070 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests share of subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROVED DEVELOPED RESERVES
[A] |
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[D] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
3,224 |
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
2,263 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
1,504 |
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
8,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
3,185 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
|
2,270 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
1,319 |
|
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
9,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
11,092 |
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
9,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,333 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,884 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] These quantities have not been adjusted to standard heat content.
[B] Excludes Egypt.
[C] Excludes Sakhalin.
[D] Includes Caspian region, Egypt and Sakhalin.
166 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Shell share of equity-accounted investments
Middle East, Russia, CIS The upward revision of 1,881 thousand million scf in revisions and
reclassifications was related to the change in reporting of Sakhalin II volumes from subsidiary to
an equity-accounted investment. The increase of 2,555 thousand million scf in extensions and
discoveries was primarily related to the maturation of the LNG project in Qatar following signing
of the sale and purchase agreement.
2006 COMPARED TO 2005
Shell subsidiaries
Europe The downward revision of 302 thousand million scf in revisions and reclassifications
was primarily related to year-end price effects and field re-evaluations in a number of fields
following the acquisition of new well and performance data.
Africa The downward revision of 266 thousand million scf in revisions and reclassifications was
primarily related to field re-evaluations in a number of fields following the acquisition of new
performance data, review of the applicability of analogue reservoirs and re-appraisal of future
development plans. This is offset by the increase of 348 thousand million scf in extensions and
discoveries that is primarily related to the maturation of a number of gas projects committed to
LNG and domestic gas.
Asia Pacific The increase of 431 thousand million scf in revisions and reclassifications was
primarily related to increases in proved gas in place volumes in a number of fields as a result of
additional well data.
Middle East, Russia, CIS The increase of 6,723 thousand million scf in extensions and discoveries
was primarily related to the recognition of gas reserves for our GTL project in Qatar, which took
final investment decision during 2006.
Shell share of equity-accounted investments
Asia Pacific The downward revision of 276 thousand million scf in revisions and
reclassifications was primarily related to the acquisition of new performance data and the
re-appraisal of future development plans.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2006 |
|
|
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2005 |
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,748 |
|
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
5,615 |
|
|
|
7,239 |
|
|
|
2,680 |
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
24,912 |
|
|
|
5,964 |
|
|
|
2,532 |
|
|
|
6,579 |
|
|
|
5,607 |
|
|
|
2,823 |
|
|
|
1,545 |
|
|
|
25,050 |
|
|
|
|
(302 |
) |
|
|
(266 |
) |
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
(274 |
) |
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(289 |
) |
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
(221 |
) |
|
|
(669 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(623 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
6,723 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
7,576 |
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
1,842 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
2,572 |
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
(721 |
) |
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
(622 |
) |
|
|
(106 |
) |
|
|
(424 |
) |
|
|
(188 |
) |
|
|
(2,227 |
) |
|
|
(778 |
) |
|
|
(138 |
) |
|
|
(569 |
) |
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
(418 |
) |
|
|
(182 |
) |
|
|
(2,204 |
) |
|
|
|
|
4,951 |
|
|
|
2,089 |
|
|
|
5,485 |
|
|
|
13,582 |
|
|
|
2,629 |
|
|
|
1,322 |
|
|
|
30,058 |
|
|
|
5,748 |
|
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
5,615 |
|
|
|
7,239 |
|
|
|
2,680 |
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
24,912 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,704 |
|
|
|
12,513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,987 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,517 |
|
|
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(276 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
(565 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(262 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(828 |
) |
|
|
(574 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(252 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(828 |
) |
|
|
|
|
11,902 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14,084 |
|
|
|
11,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,712 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,704 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
3,132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
3,406 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
3,059 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
3,356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2006 |
|
|
|
thousand million standard cubic feet 2005 |
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
|
Africa |
[B] |
|
|
Pacific |
[C] |
|
Russia, CIS[D] |
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,662 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
2,249 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
9,432 |
|
|
|
3,258 |
|
|
|
919 |
|
|
|
2,553 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
1,875 |
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
|
3,224 |
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
2,263 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
1,504 |
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
8,597 |
|
|
|
3,662 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
2,249 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
9,432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,109 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,567 |
|
|
|
9,731 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,606 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,352 |
|
|
|
|
9,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
11,092 |
|
|
|
10,109 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,567 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 167
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION OIL AND GAS (UNAUDITED)
STANDARDISED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE CASH FLOWS
United States accounting principles require the disclosure of a standardised measure of
discounted cash flows, related to proved oil and gas reserve quantities and based on prices and
costs at the end of the year, currently enacted tax rates and a 10% annual discount factor. The
information so calculated does not provide a reliable measure of future cash flows from proved
reserves, nor does it permit a realistic comparison to be made of one entity with another because
the assumptions used cannot reflect the varying circumstances within each entity. In addition a
substantial but unknown proportion of future real cash flows from oil and gas production
activities is expected to derive from reserves which have already been discovered, but which
cannot yet be regarded as proved.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[C] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash inflows |
|
|
107,607 |
|
|
|
54,597 |
|
|
|
34,908 |
|
|
|
86,463 |
|
|
|
48,696 |
|
|
|
14,040 |
|
|
|
346,311 |
Future production costs |
|
|
28,937 |
|
|
|
15,862 |
|
|
|
9,607 |
|
|
|
14,814 |
|
|
|
19,163 |
|
|
|
7,938 |
|
|
|
96,321 |
Future development costs |
|
|
14,600 |
|
|
|
5,043 |
|
|
|
8,618 |
|
|
|
13,856 |
|
|
|
6,190 |
|
|
|
1,591 |
|
|
|
49,898 |
Future tax expenses |
|
|
40,317 |
|
|
|
20,061 |
|
|
|
5,598 |
|
|
|
28,377 |
|
|
|
8,170 |
|
|
|
1,223 |
|
|
|
103,746 |
|
Future net cash flows |
|
|
23,753 |
|
|
|
13,631 |
|
|
|
11,085 |
|
|
|
29,416 |
|
|
|
15,173 |
|
|
|
3,288 |
|
|
|
96,346 |
Effect of discounting cash flows at 10% |
|
|
7,192 |
|
|
|
3,548 |
|
|
|
4,405 |
|
|
|
21,058 |
|
|
|
4,938 |
|
|
|
846 |
|
|
|
41,987 |
|
Standardised measure of discounted future net cash flows |
|
|
16,561 |
|
|
|
10,083 |
|
|
|
6,680 |
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
10,235 |
|
|
|
2,442 |
|
|
|
54,359 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
10,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,744 |
|
|
|
5,727 |
|
|
|
6,434 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
26,729 |
|
Minority interests included |
|
|
|
|
|
|
245 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[C] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash inflows |
|
|
75,438 |
|
|
|
49,408 |
|
|
|
23,993 |
|
|
|
101,791 |
|
|
|
35,586 |
|
|
|
11,176 |
|
|
|
297,392 |
Future production costs |
|
|
31,321 |
|
|
|
14,410 |
|
|
|
6,414 |
|
|
|
25,498 |
|
|
|
16,504 |
|
|
|
4,946 |
|
|
|
99,093 |
Future development costs |
|
|
10,976 |
|
|
|
5,853 |
|
|
|
5,603 |
|
|
|
19,654 |
|
|
|
4,952 |
|
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
|
48,153 |
Future tax expenses |
|
|
24,112 |
|
|
|
17,388 |
|
|
|
4,086 |
|
|
|
20,735 |
|
|
|
4,946 |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
72,607 |
|
Future net cash flows |
|
|
9,029 |
|
|
|
11,757 |
|
|
|
7,890 |
|
|
|
35,904 |
|
|
|
9,184 |
|
|
|
3,775 |
|
|
|
77,539 |
Effect of discounting cash flows at 10% |
|
|
808 |
|
|
|
3,324 |
|
|
|
3,371 |
|
|
|
23,531 |
|
|
|
2,333 |
|
|
|
1,127 |
|
|
|
34,494 |
|
Standardised measure of discounted future net cash flows |
|
|
8,221 |
|
|
|
8,433 |
|
|
|
4,519 |
|
|
|
12,373 |
|
|
|
6,851 |
|
|
|
2,648 |
|
|
|
43,045 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
8,718 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
3,519 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
15,227 |
|
Minority interests included |
|
|
|
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
3,877 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
4,475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Hemisphere |
|
|
Western Hemisphere |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia |
|
|
Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
|
Africa |
[A] |
|
Pacific |
[B] |
|
Russia, CIS |
[C] |
|
USA |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
Total |
Shell subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future cash inflows |
|
|
100,668 |
|
|
|
53,262 |
|
|
|
24,173 |
|
|
|
87,660 |
|
|
|
48,640 |
|
|
|
17,144 |
|
|
|
331,547 |
Future production costs |
|
|
31,018 |
|
|
|
14,461 |
|
|
|
5,338 |
|
|
|
23,444 |
|
|
|
9,376 |
|
|
|
4,528 |
|
|
|
88,165 |
Future development costs |
|
|
8,986 |
|
|
|
5,052 |
|
|
|
4,756 |
|
|
|
19,618 |
|
|
|
2,490 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
|
|
41,876 |
Future tax expenses |
|
|
39,808 |
|
|
|
18,071 |
|
|
|
4,776 |
|
|
|
18,444 |
|
|
|
13,743 |
|
|
|
3,215 |
|
|
|
98,057 |
|
Future net cash flows |
|
|
20,856 |
|
|
|
15,678 |
|
|
|
9,303 |
|
|
|
26,154 |
|
|
|
23,031 |
|
|
|
8,427 |
|
|
|
103,449 |
Effect of discounting cash flows at 10% |
|
|
6,745 |
|
|
|
4,359 |
|
|
|
3,954 |
|
|
|
19,175 |
|
|
|
8,177 |
|
|
|
2,781 |
|
|
|
45,191 |
|
Standardised measure of discounted future net cash flows |
|
|
14,111 |
|
|
|
11,319 |
|
|
|
5,349 |
|
|
|
6,979 |
|
|
|
14,854 |
|
|
|
5,646 |
|
|
|
58,258 |
|
Shell share of equity-accounted investments |
|
|
8,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,887 |
|
|
|
980 |
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,803 |
|
Minority interests included |
|
|
|
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1,687 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
885 |
|
|
|
2,766 |
|
[A] Excludes Egypt.
[B] Excludes Sakhalin.
[C] Includes Caspian region, Egypt and Sakhalin.
168 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
Change in standardised measure of Shell subsidiaries discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
At January 1 |
|
|
43,045 |
|
|
|
58,258 |
|
|
|
45,525 |
|
Net changes in prices and production costs |
|
|
59,064 |
|
|
|
(18,339 |
) |
|
|
45,352 |
|
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery |
|
|
9,258 |
|
|
|
10,540 |
|
|
|
14,467 |
|
Purchases and sales of minerals in place |
|
|
(9,257 |
) |
|
|
456 |
|
|
|
(236 |
) |
Revisions of previous reserve estimates |
|
|
5,781 |
|
|
|
2,232 |
|
|
|
1,278 |
|
Development cost related to future production |
|
|
(14,601 |
) |
|
|
(11,236 |
) |
|
|
(14,030 |
) |
Sales and transfers of oil and gas, net of production costs |
|
|
(37,263 |
) |
|
|
(37,351 |
) |
|
|
(33,646 |
) |
Development cost incurred during the year |
|
|
10,447 |
|
|
|
11,323 |
|
|
|
9,154 |
|
Accretion of discount |
|
|
6,862 |
|
|
|
10,958 |
|
|
|
8,259 |
|
Net change in income tax |
|
|
(18,977 |
) |
|
|
16,204 |
|
|
|
(17,865 |
) |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
54,359 |
|
|
|
43,045 |
|
|
|
58,258 |
|
|
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING PROVED RESERVES
Proved reserves can be either developed or undeveloped. Subsidiaries proved reserves at
December 31, 2007 were divided into 43% developed and 57% undeveloped on a barrel of oil equivalent basis.
Proved reserves are recognised under various forms of contractual agreements. Shells proved
reserves volumes present in agreements such as production-sharing contracts (PSCs) or other
forms of economic entitlement contracts where Shell share of reserves can vary with actual
year-end price are approximately 1,025 million barrels of crude oil and natural gas liquids,
and 12,448 thousand million standard cubic feet of gas.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 169
Oil sands (unaudited)
RESERVES
In addition to proved conventional liquids and natural gas reserves, Shell has
considerable interests in minable oil sands reserves in Canada associated with the Athabasca Oil
Sands Project. Since the SEC regulations define these reserves as mining related and not part of
conventional oil and gas reserves, these are presented separately. These mining reserves are not
included in the standardised measure of discounted cash flows for conventional oil and gas
reserves presented on pages 168-169.
SEC Industry Guide 7 for Significant Mining Operations states that mining reserves are defined
as that part of a mineral deposit that could be economically and legally extracted or produced
at the time of reserve determination. SEC Industry Guide 7 provides the following reserve
definitions which have been tailored to minable oil sands:
Proven minable oil sands reserves are computed from dimensions revealed in drill holes and
the bitumen grades are computed from the results of detailed sampling. The sites for
inspection, sampling, and measurement are spaced so closely and the geological character
is so well defined that size, shape, depth, and bitumen content of the reserves are well
established.
Probable minable oil sands reserves are computed from information similar to that used for
proven reserves, however, the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther
apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. Although the degree of assurance is less
than that for proven reserves, it is sufficient to assume continuity between points of
observation.
Shells minable oil sands reserve estimates are based upon a detailed geological assessment
including drilling and laboratory testing. They also consider current mine plans, planned
operating life and regulatory requirements. The proven plus probable minable oil sands reserves
are within the development areas covered by approvals from the Alberta Energy Resources
Conservation Board. The reserve estimates are based on actual barrels to be shipped for
processing at the expanded Scotford Upgrader.
Net proven and probable minable oil sands reserves are defined as reserves after the deduction
of royalty obligations to the Alberta Government. Under the Alberta Oil Sand Royalty Regulation
1997, royalties depend on project cash flows. Therefore the calculation of royalties depends on
price, production rates, capital costs, and operating costs over the life of the development.
The price profile for the calculation of royalty barrels for 2007 is based on the average
commodity price taken over the last three years.
Shell subsidiaries estimated net proven and probable minable oil sands reserves at the end of
the year, and the changes in such reserves during the year are set out below.
|
|
|
MINABLE OIL SANDS RESERVES
|
|
million barrels |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Shell subsidiaries net proven reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
1,134 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
615 |
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
166 |
|
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
At December 31 |
|
|
1,111 |
|
|
|
1,134 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shell subsidiaries net probable reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At January 1 |
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
347 |
|
Revisions and reclassifications |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(228 |
) |
Extensions and discoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
362 |
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests share of oil sands at December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net proven reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
Net probable reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
170 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Derivatives and other financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments (unaudited)
The following information is provided in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission rules issued in 1997.
Variable interest rates stated are spot rates applying as at December 31. Amounts denominated
in non-US dollar currencies have been translated using spot exchange rates at December 31.
Equity-accounted investments data are excluded.
DEBT SECURITIES HELD FOR TRADING PURPOSES
There were no debt securities held for trading purposes by subsidiaries at December 31, 2007,
or at December 31, 2006.
DEBT SECURITIES HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING
The following two tables give details of debt securities held for purposes other
than trading by subsidiaries at December 31, at estimated fair value, by year of maturity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
Total |
|
Fixed rate dollar debt securities |
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
419 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
4.4% |
|
|
|
4.2% |
|
|
|
4.5% |
|
|
|
4.7% |
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
5.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate dollar debt securities |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate euro debt securities |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
292 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
4.7% |
|
|
|
3.4% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
4.6% |
|
|
|
4.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate euro debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.7% |
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate UK pound debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.5% |
|
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.9% |
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate Danish krone debt securities |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
4.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other fixed rate debt securities |
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
5.5% |
|
|
|
15.8% |
|
|
|
5.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.7% |
|
|
|
6.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
Other variable rate debt securities |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
7.7% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.9% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
418 |
|
|
|
1,161 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
and after |
|
|
Total |
|
Fixed rate dollar debt securities |
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
380 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
5.5% |
|
|
|
6.1% |
|
|
|
3.8% |
|
|
|
4.0% |
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
6.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate dollar debt securities |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
3.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate euro debt securities |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
239 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
4.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0% |
|
|
|
5.8% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate UK pound debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate Canadian dollar debt securities |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
4.5% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
Other fixed rate debt securities |
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
6.6% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.3% |
|
|
|
5.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
353 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
EQUITY SECURITIES HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING
At December 31, 2007, subsidiaries held equity securities for purposes other than
trading amounting to $4,919 million (2006: $7,140 million). These included shares of Royal
Dutch Shell, amounting to $2,392 million (2006: $3,316 million), held in connection with
share-based compensation plans. The portfolio held by Shells insurance companies was sold
in 2007 (see Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 153).
Royal Dutch Shell plc 171
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DERIVATIVES AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND DERIVATIVE COMMODITY INSTRUMENTS (UNAUDITED)
DEBT
Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements gives details of debt owed by subsidiaries
at December 31, 2007 and 2006 by year of maturity.
INTEREST RATE SWAPS/FORWARD RATE AGREEMENTS
Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements gives details of interest rate
swaps/forward rate agreements held by subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006 by expected
year of maturity. These are held for purposes other than trading. The variable interest rate
component of contracts is generally linked to inter-bank offer rates.
FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACTS AND CURRENCY SWAPS
Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements gives details of forward foreign
exchange contracts and currency swaps held by subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006 by
expected year of maturity. These are held for purposes other than trading.
COMMODITY SWAPS, OPTIONS AND FUTURES HELD FOR TRADING PURPOSES
Following Shells implementation of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, tabular
presentations of commodity swaps, options and futures contracts have been replaced with
information on a value-at-risk basis (see Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In
addition to instruments previously covered by the tables, the value-at-risk disclosures also
reflect the impact of contracts used in trading operations that may be settled by the physical
delivery or receipt of the commodity (see Note 26[C] to the Consolidated Financial Statements on
page 149 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
172 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Control of registrant (unaudited)
Royal Dutch Shell is not directly or indirectly owned
or controlled by another corporation or by any
government. The company does not know of any arrangements
that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of
control of the company. As of February 26, 2008, there
were the following interests in more than 3% of the
issued Class A and Class B ordinary share capital of
Royal Dutch Shell.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investor |
|
Class A shares |
|
Class B shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barclays PLC |
|
|
1.83 |
% |
|
|
2.39 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Legal & General Group Plc |
|
|
4.38 |
% |
|
|
5.04 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Capital Group Companies Inc |
|
|
4.52 |
% |
|
|
2.91 |
% |
|
As of February 26, 2008, the Directors and Senior
Management of Royal Dutch Shell beneficially owned
individually and in aggregate (including shares under
option) less than 1% of the total shares of each class of
Royal Dutch Shell shares outstanding.
The principal trading market for the Class A
ordinary shares of Royal Dutch Shell is Euronext
Amsterdam. The principal trading market for the Class B
ordinary shares of Royal Dutch Shell is the London
Stock Exchange. Ordinary shares are traded in
registered form.
American Depositary Receipts representing Class A ADRs
and Class B ADRs outstanding are listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. The depositary receipts are issued,
cancelled and exchanged at the office of The Bank of
New York Mellon, 101 Barclay Street, New York, NY
10286, as depositary (the Depositary) under a deposit
agreement between Royal Dutch Shell, the Depositary and
the holders of ADRs.
Each American Depositary Receipt represents two 0.07
shares of Royal Dutch Shell deposited under the
agreement. At February 26, 2008, there were outstanding
417,984,547 Class A ADRs and 77,243,765 Class B ADRs
representing approximately 23.47% and 5.60% of the
respective share capital class of Royal Dutch Shell plc,
held by 8,718 and 1,099 holders of record, with an
address in the USA, respectively.
At February 26, 2008, there were 49,226 Class A shares
and 814,783 Class B shares of 0.07 each representing
less than 1.09% of the share capital of Royal Dutch
Shell held by 856 holders of record registered with an
address in the USA.
The following tables set forth the high and low intra-day
prices for Royal Dutch Shells registered ordinary shares
on the principal trading markets:
|
|
of 0.07 nominal value on the London Stock Exchange;
|
|
|
of 0.07 nominal value on Euronext Amsterdam; and |
|
|
of the ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange for the periods specified (ADRs do not
have a nominal value): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euronext Amsterdam |
|
|
London Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
Class B shares |
|
|
Class A ADRs |
|
|
Class B ADRs |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pence |
|
|
pence |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 (Jan 1 Dec 31) |
|
|
28.53 |
|
|
|
24.32 |
|
|
|
2,071 |
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
72.38 |
|
|
|
60.17 |
|
|
|
74.93 |
|
|
|
62.75 |
|
2007 (Jan 1 Dec 31) |
|
|
31.35 |
|
|
|
23.72 |
|
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
88.31 |
|
|
|
62.71 |
|
|
|
87.94 |
|
|
|
62.20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euronext Amsterdam |
|
|
London Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
Class B shares |
|
|
Class A ADRs |
|
|
Class B ADRs |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pence |
|
|
pence |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3rd Quarter |
|
|
27.67 |
|
|
|
24.61 |
|
|
|
1,966 |
|
|
|
1,753 |
|
|
|
68.08 |
|
|
|
59.50 |
|
|
|
70.94 |
|
|
|
61.77 |
|
4th Quarter |
|
|
27.66 |
|
|
|
24.12 |
|
|
|
1,968 |
|
|
|
1,717 |
|
|
|
65.93 |
|
|
|
57.79 |
|
|
|
69.04 |
|
|
|
60.69 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Quarter |
|
|
28.49 |
|
|
|
24.91 |
|
|
|
2,046 |
|
|
|
1,792 |
|
|
|
68.45 |
|
|
|
60.17 |
|
|
|
72.09 |
|
|
|
62.75 |
|
2nd Quarter |
|
|
28.53 |
|
|
|
24.32 |
|
|
|
2,071 |
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
70.39 |
|
|
|
61.19 |
|
|
|
73.77 |
|
|
|
63.77 |
|
3rd Quarter |
|
|
28.19 |
|
|
|
25.15 |
|
|
|
2,005 |
|
|
|
1,733 |
|
|
|
72.38 |
|
|
|
64.07 |
|
|
|
74.93 |
|
|
|
66.09 |
|
4th Quarter |
|
|
27.97 |
|
|
|
25.34 |
|
|
|
1,938 |
|
|
|
1,752 |
|
|
|
71.89 |
|
|
|
64.09 |
|
|
|
74.14 |
|
|
|
66.10 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st Quarter |
|
|
26.98 |
|
|
|
23.72 |
|
|
|
1,823 |
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
70.91 |
|
|
|
62.71 |
|
|
|
71.29 |
|
|
|
62.20 |
|
2nd Quarter |
|
|
30.23 |
|
|
|
24.72 |
|
|
|
2,089 |
|
|
|
1,671 |
|
|
|
81.62 |
|
|
|
65.15 |
|
|
|
83.81 |
|
|
|
66.36 |
|
3rd Quarter |
|
|
31.35 |
|
|
|
25.59 |
|
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
1,737 |
|
|
|
85.48 |
|
|
|
69.56 |
|
|
|
87.79 |
|
|
|
69.47 |
|
4th Quarter |
|
|
30.74 |
|
|
|
26.84 |
|
|
|
2,145 |
|
|
|
1,904 |
|
|
|
88.31 |
|
|
|
78.96 |
|
|
|
87.94 |
|
|
|
78.23 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 173
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONTROL OF REGISTRANT (UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euronext Amsterdam |
|
|
London Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
New York Stock Exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
Class B shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class B ADRs |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pence |
|
|
pence |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September |
|
|
30.16 |
|
|
|
28.28 |
|
|
|
2,112 |
|
|
|
1,921 |
|
|
|
84.45 |
|
|
|
78.37 |
|
|
|
84.49 |
|
|
|
78.60 |
|
October |
|
|
30.74 |
|
|
|
27.87 |
|
|
|
2,145 |
|
|
|
1,932 |
|
|
|
88.31 |
|
|
|
78.96 |
|
|
|
87.94 |
|
|
|
78.68 |
|
November |
|
|
30.49 |
|
|
|
26.84 |
|
|
|
2,110 |
|
|
|
1,904 |
|
|
|
86.30 |
|
|
|
79.04 |
|
|
|
85.95 |
|
|
|
78.23 |
|
December |
|
|
29.18 |
|
|
|
27.23 |
|
|
|
2,115 |
|
|
|
1,915 |
|
|
|
84.99 |
|
|
|
79.65 |
|
|
|
84.34 |
|
|
|
78.37 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
29.63 |
|
|
|
23.19 |
|
|
|
2,178 |
|
|
|
1,687 |
|
|
|
86.41 |
|
|
|
66.82 |
|
|
|
85.30 |
|
|
|
64.77 |
|
February |
|
|
24.68 |
|
|
|
22.85 |
|
|
|
1,838 |
|
|
|
1,660 |
|
|
|
73.79 |
|
|
|
66.75 |
|
|
|
72.63 |
|
|
|
65.18 |
|
|
ORDINARY SHARES
The following is a summary of the material terms of Royal Dutch Shells
ordinary shares, including brief descriptions of the provisions contained
in our Memorandum and Articles of Association and applicable laws of
England in effect on the date of this document. This summary does not
purport to include complete statements of these provisions.
SHARE CAPITAL
As of February 26, 2008, the authorised, issued and fully paid share
capital of Royal Dutch Shell was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorised |
|
|
Authorised |
|
|
Issued |
|
|
Issued |
|
|
|
(number) |
|
|
(amount) |
|
|
(number) |
|
|
(amount) |
|
Class A
ordinary shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
4,077,359,886 |
|
|
|
285,415,192 |
|
|
|
3,562,225,000 |
|
|
|
249,355,750 |
|
Class B
ordinary shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
193,155,200 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
193,155,200 |
|
Sterling deferred shares of £1 each |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Euro
deferred shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
|
4,359,608 |
|
|
Nil |
|
|
Nil |
|
Unclassified
shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
3,101,000,000 |
|
|
|
217,070,000 |
|
|
Nil |
|
|
Nil |
|
|
On February 26, 2008, trusts and trust-like entities holding shares for the
benefit of employee plans of Shell held 131 million shares of Royal Dutch
Shell with a book amount of $9.15 million and a face amount of $4,773
million.
The unclassified shares can be issued as Class A ordinary shares or Class B
ordinary shares at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
All Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares will be fully paid
and free from all liens, equities, charges, encumbrances and other interest
and not subject to calls of any kind. All Class A ordinary shares and Class
B ordinary shares will rank equally for all dividends and distributions on
our ordinary share capital declared. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B
ordinary shares are admitted to the Official List of the UK Listing
Authority and to trading on the market for listed securities of the London
Stock Exchange. Our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares are
also admitted to listing on Eurolist by Euronext Amsterdam. Class A ADRs and
Class B ADRs are listed at the New York Stock Exchange.
As of February 26, 2008, the authorised share capital consisted of (i)
50,000 sterling deferred shares of £1 each and (ii) 700,000,000 divided
into 4,077,359,886 Class A ordinary shares, 2,759,360,000 Class B ordinary
shares, 62,280,114 euro deferred shares, 3,101,000,000 unclassified shares
of 0.07 each to be classified as Class A ordinary shares or Class B
ordinary shares upon issue at the discretion of our Directors. As of
February 26, 2008, the issued share capital consisted of 50,000 sterling deferred
shares of £1 each and 3,562,225,000 Class A
ordinary shares of 0.07 each and 2,759,360,000 Class B ordinary shares of
0.07 each. All Class A and Class B ordinary shares and sterling deferred
shares are fully paid and not subject to calls for additional payments of
any kind.
MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
The following summarises certain provisions of Royal Dutch Shells
Memorandum and Articles of Association and of the applicable laws of England
and Wales. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the UK
Companies Acts of 1985 and 2006 and Royal Dutch Shells Memorandum and
Articles of Association.
Copies of Royal Dutch Shells Memorandum and Articles of Association have
been previously filed with the SEC and are incorporated by reference as
exhibits to this Report.
GENERAL
Royal Dutch Shell was incorporated in England and Wales on February 5, 2002,
as a private company under the Companies Act of England and Wales 1985, as
amended. On October 27, 2004, Royal Dutch Shell was re-registered as a
public company limited by shares and changed its name from Forthdeal Limited
to Royal Dutch Shell. Royal Dutch Shell is registered at Companies House,
Cardiff under company number 4366849, and the Chamber of Commerce, The Hague
under number 34179503.
174 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Royal
Dutch Shells registered office is at:
Shell Centre
London
SE1 7NA, United Kingdom
Royal Dutch Shells headquarters are at:
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30
2596 HR The Hague
The Netherlands
Royal Dutch Shell is resident in the Netherlands for Dutch and UK tax
purposes. Royal Dutch Shells Memorandum of Association provides that its
primary objective is to carry on the business of a holding company.
DIRECTORS
Under Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association:
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a Director may not vote or be counted in the quorum in respect of any matter in
which he is materially interested including any matter related to his own compensation; |
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the Directors may exercise Royal Dutch Shells power to borrow money provided that
the borrowings of Shell shall not, without the consent of an ordinary resolution of
shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell, exceed two times Royal Dutch Shells adjusted capital
and reserves (these powers relating to borrowing may only be varied by special resolution
of shareholders); |
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Directors are not required to hold shares of Royal Dutch Shell to qualify as a
director; and |
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Directors are appointed in accordance with the Articles of Association and need to
stand for re-election at least every third annual general meeting. |
The Executive and Non-executive Directors of Royal
Dutch Shell plc are:
Jorma
Ollila, Chairman
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard GCMG, Deputy Chairman and
Senior Independent Non-executive Director
Jeroen
van der Veer, Chief Executive
Peter
Voser, Chief Financial Officer
Malcolm Brinded CBE FREng, Executive Director, Exploration &
Production
Linda Cook, Executive Director, Gas & Power, Shell Trading, Global
Solutions and Technology
Rob Routs, Executive Director, Oil Sands, Oil Products
and
Chemicals
Maarten
van den Bergh, Non-executive Director
Nina Henderson, Non-executive
Director
Sir Peter Job KBE, Non-executive Director
Wim Kok,
Non-executive Director
Nick
Land, Non-executive Director
Christine Morin-Postel, Non-executive Director
Lawrence Ricciardi, Non-executive Director
SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC
In addition to the Executive Directors listed
above, Royal Dutch Shell has the following Senior
Management:
Roxanne J. Decyk[A]
Born November 5, 1952. A US national, appointed as
Corporate Affairs Director in July 2005. Previously, she
was Senior Vice President of Corporate Affairs/Human
Resources for Shell Oil and Vice President of Corporate
Strategy. She is also a Non-executive board director of
Snap-On Inc.
Beat Hess[A]
Born July 6, 1949. A Swiss national, appointed as
Legal Director in June 2003. Previously he was General
Counsel of ABB Group from 1988 to 2003. He is also a
Non-executive board director of Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
Ken Fisher[A]
Born December 26, 1961. A US national, appointed as
Director of Strategy and Business Development in August
2007. Previously he was Executive Vice President of
Strategy and Portfolio for Shells global downstream
business.
Alan D. Matula[A]
Born November 11, 1960. A US national, appointed
as Chief Information Officer in January 2006.
Previously, he was General
Manager of Strategy and Projects & Solutions for Shell
International B.V. He is a Non-executive board
director of Airbiquity.
Hugh S. Mitchell[A]
Born February 13, 1957. A British national,
appointed as Human Resource Director in March 2005.
Previously he was a Director of International
Directorate for Royal Dutch Shell group and Human
Resource Director of Oil Products.
[A] Beneficially owns less than one percent of outstanding classes of securities.
METHOD OF HOLDING SHARES OR AN INTEREST IN SHARE
There are several ways in which Royal Dutch Shell
registered shares or an interest in these shares can be
held, including:
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directly as registered shares in uncertificated form or in certificated form in a
shareholders own name; |
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indirectly through Euroclear Nederland (in respect of which the Dutch Securities
Giro Act (Wet giraal effectenverkeer) is applicable); |
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through the Royal Dutch Shell Corporate Nominee; and |
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as a direct or indirect holder of either a Class A or a Class B ADR with the
Depositary. |
RIGHTS ATTACHING TO SHARES
Dividend rights and rights to share in the companys profit.
Under the applicable laws of England and Wales, dividends
are payable on Class A ordinary shares and Class B
ordinary shares only out of profits available for
distribution, as determined in accordance with the
Companies Act 1985 (as from April 6, 2008 the Companies
Act 2006) and under International Financial Reporting
Standards.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 175
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONTROL OF REGISTRANT (UNAUDITED)
Subject to the Companies Act 1985 (as from April
6, 2008 the Companies Act 2006), if Royal Dutch
Shells Directors consider that Royal Dutch Shells
financial position justifies the declaration of a
dividend, Royal Dutch Shell can pay an interim
dividend.
Royal Dutch Shells shareholders can declare dividends by
passing an ordinary resolution. Dividends cannot exceed
the amount recommended by Royal Dutch Shells Directors.
It is the intention that dividends will be declared and
paid quarterly. Dividends are payable to persons
registered as shareholders on the record date relating to
the relevant dividend.
All dividends will be divided and paid in proportions
based on the amounts paid up on Royal Dutch Shells
shares during any period for which that dividend is
paid.
Any dividend payable in cash relating to a share can be
paid by sending a cheque, warrant or similar financial
instrument payable to the shareholder entitled to the
dividend by post addressed to the
shareholders registered address or it can be made
payable to someone else named in a written instruction
from the shareholder and sent by post to the address
specified in that instruction. A dividend can also be
paid by interbank transfer or by other electronic means
directly to an account with a bank or other financial
institution named in a written instruction from the
person entitled to receive the payment. Such bank or
other financial institution must be in the UK other than
in respect of Royal Dutch Shells ordinary shares which
are held within Euroclear Nederland and to which the
Securities Giro Act (Wet giraal effectenverkeer) applies.
Alternatively, a dividend can be paid in some other way
requested in writing by a shareholder and agreed to by
Royal Dutch Shell. Royal Dutch Shell will not be
responsible for a payment which is lost or delayed.
Where any dividends or other amounts payable on a share
have not been claimed, the directors can invest them or
use them in any other way for Royal Dutch Shells benefit
until they are claimed. Royal Dutch Shell will not be a
trustee of the money and will not be liable to pay
interest on it. If a dividend has not been claimed for 12
years after being declared or becoming due for payment, it
will be forfeited and go back to Royal Dutch Shell, unless
the Directors decide otherwise.
Royal Dutch Shell expects that dividends on Royal Dutch
Shells outstanding Class B ordinary shares will be paid
under the dividend access mechanism described below.
Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association provide that
if any amount is paid by the issuer of the dividend
access share by way of dividend on the dividend access
share and paid by the dividend access trustee to any
holder of Class B ordinary shares, the dividend that
Royal Dutch Shell would otherwise pay to such holder of
Class B ordinary shares will be reduced by an amount
equal to the amount paid to such holder of Class B
ordinary shares by the dividend access trustee.
DIVIDEND ACCESS MECHANISM FOR CLASS B ORDINARY SHARES
General
Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares
have identical rights, except related to the dividend
access mechanism, which applies only to the Class B
ordinary shares.
Dividends paid on Class A ordinary shares have a Dutch
source for tax purposes and are subject to Dutch
withholding tax (See section below Taxation).
It is the expectation and the intention, although
there can be no certainty, that holders of Class B
ordinary shares will receive dividends via the dividend
access mechanism. Any dividends paid on the dividend
access share will have a UK source for Dutch and UK tax
purposes; there will be no UK or Dutch withholding tax on
such dividends and certain holders (not including US
holders) of Class B ordinary shares or Class B ADRs will
be entitled to a UK tax credit in respect of their
proportional share of such dividends.
Description of dividend access mechanism
A dividend access share has been issued by Shell
Transport to Lloyds TSB Offshore Trust Company Limited
(formerly Hill Samuel Offshore Trust Company Limited) as
dividend access trustee. Pursuant to a declaration of trust, Lloyds TSB Offshore
Trust Company Limited will hold any dividends paid in
respect of the dividend access share on trust for the
holders of Class B ordinary shares from time to time and
will arrange for prompt disbursement of such dividends to
holders of Class B ordinary shares. Interest and other
income earned on unclaimed dividends will be for the
account of Shell Transport and any dividends which are
unclaimed after 12 years will revert to Shell Transport.
Holders of Class B ordinary shares will not have any
interest in the dividend access share and will not have
any rights against Shell Transport as issuer of the
dividend access share. The only assets held on trust for
the benefit of the holders of Class B ordinary shares will
be dividends paid to the dividend access trustee in
respect of the dividend access share.
The declaration and payment of dividends on the dividend
access share will require board action by Shell
Transport and will be subject to any applicable legal or
articles limitations in effect from time to time. In no
event will the aggregate amount of the dividend paid by
Shell Transport under the dividend access mechanism for
a particular period exceed the aggregate amount of the
dividend declared by the Royal Dutch Shell Board on the
Class B ordinary shares in respect of the same period.
Operation of the dividend access mechanism
Following the declaration of a dividend by Royal
Dutch Shell on the Class B ordinary shares, Shell
Transport may declare a dividend on the dividend access
share. Shell Transport will not declare a dividend on the
dividend access share before Royal Dutch Shell declares a
dividend on the Class B ordinary shares, as Shell
Transport will need to know what dividend Royal Dutch
Shell has declared on the Class B ordinary shares. This
is to ensure that the dividend declared on the dividend
access share does not exceed an amount equal to the total
dividend declared by Royal Dutch Shell on the Class B
ordinary shares.
To the extent that a dividend is declared and paid on the
dividend access share by Shell Transport, the holders of
the Class B ordinary shares will be beneficially entitled
to receive their share of that dividend pursuant to the
declaration of trust (and arrangements will be made to
ensure that the dividend is paid in the same currency in
which they would have received a dividend from Royal
Dutch Shell).
If any amount is paid by Shell Transport by way of a
dividend on the dividend access share and paid by the
dividend access trustee to any holder of Class B ordinary
shares, the dividend which Royal Dutch Shell would
otherwise pay on the Class B ordinary shares will be
reduced by an amount equal to the amount paid to such
holders of Class B ordinary shares by the dividend access
trustee.
176 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Royal Dutch Shell will have a full and unconditional
obligation, in the event that the dividend access trustee
does not pay an amount to holders of Class B ordinary
shares on a cash dividend payment date (even if that
amount has been paid to the dividend access trustee), to
pay immediately the dividend declared on the Class B
ordinary shares. The right of holders of Class B ordinary
shares to receive distributions from the dividend access
trustee will be reduced by an amount equal to the amount
of any payment actually made by Royal Dutch Shell on
account of any dividend on Class B ordinary shares.
The dividend access mechanism may be suspended or
terminated at any time by Royal Dutch Shells Directors
or the Directors of Shell Transport, for any reason and
without financial recompense. This might, for instance,
occur in response to changes in relevant tax legislation.
The daily operations of the Dividend Access Trust is
administered on behalf of Shell by Lloyds TSB Offshore
Trust Company Limited, an established trustee services
company. Material financial information of the Dividend
Access Trust is included in the Consolidated Financial
Statements of Shell and is therefore, subject to the
same disclosure controls and procedures of Shell.
DISPUTES BETWEEN A SHAREHOLDER OR ADR HOLDER
AND ROYAL DUTCH SHELL, ANY SUBSIDIARY, DIRECTOR OR
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE PROVIDER
Except as noted below, all disputes between (a) a
shareholder in its capacity as such and Royal Dutch Shell
or any of its subsidiaries (or any of Royal Dutch Shells
or its subsidiaries Directors or former Directors)
arising out of or in connection with Royal Dutch Shells
Articles of Association or otherwise, (b) Royal Dutch
Shell or its subsidiaries and any of Royal Dutch Shells
or its subsidiaries Directors or former Directors
(including all claims made by Royal Dutch Shell or any of
its subsidiaries on Royal Dutch Shells behalf or on
behalf of any of its subsidiaries against any such
Director), (c) a shareholder in its capacity as such and
any of Royal Dutch Shells professional service providers
(which could include auditors, legal counsel, bankers and
ADR depositaries) that have agreed with Royal Dutch Shell
to be bound by the arbitration and exclusive jurisdiction
provisions of Royal Dutch Shells Articles of
Association, and (d) Royal Dutch Shell and its
professional service providers arising in connection with
any such dispute between a shareholder and a professional
service provider, shall be exclusively and finally
resolved by arbitration in The Hague, the Netherlands
under the Rules of Arbitration of the International
Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This would include all
disputes arising under UK, Dutch or US law (including
securities laws), or under any other law, between parties
covered by the arbitration provision.
The tribunal shall consist of three arbitrators to be
appointed in accordance with the rules of the ICC. The
chairman must have at least 20 years experience as a
lawyer qualified to practise in a common law
jurisdiction which is within the Commonwealth and each
other arbitrator must have at least 20 years
experience as a qualified lawyer.
If a court or other competent authority in any
jurisdiction determines that the arbitration requirement
described above is invalid or unenforceable in any
particular dispute in that jurisdiction, that dispute
may only be brought in the courts of England and Wales.
The governing law of Royal Dutch Shells Articles of
Association is the substantive law of England.
Disputes relating to (i) Royal Dutch Shells failure or
alleged failure to pay all or part of a dividend which
has been declared and which has fallen due for payment
and (ii) any derivative claim bought under the
Companies Act 2006 will not be the subject of the
arbitration and exclusive jurisdiction provisions of
Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association.
Pursuant to the relevant Depositary agreement, each
holder of ADRs is bound by the arbitration and exclusive
jurisdiction provisions of the Articles of Association as
described in this section as if that holder were a
shareholder.
VOTING RIGHTS AND GENERAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Shareholders meetings
Under the applicable laws of England and Wales,
Royal Dutch Shell is required in each year to hold an
Annual General Meeting (AGM) of shareholders in addition
to any other meeting of shareholders that may be held.
Not more than 15 months may elapse between the date of
one AGM of shareholders and that of the next.
Additionally, shareholders may submit resolutions in
accordance with section 338 of the Companies Act 2006.
Royal Dutch Shells Directors have the power to convene a
general meeting of shareholders at any time. In addition,
Royal Dutch Shells Directors must convene a meeting upon
the request of shareholders holding not less than 10% of
Royal Dutch Shells paid-up capital carrying voting rights
at general meetings of shareholders pursuant to section
303 of the Companies Act 2006. A request for a general
meeting of shareholders must state the general nature of
the business to be dealt with at the meeting, and must be
signed by the requesting shareholders and deposited at
Royal Dutch Shells registered office. If Royal Dutch
Shells Directors fail to give notice of such meeting to
shareholders within 21 days from receipt of notice, the
shareholders that requested the general meeting, or any of
them representing more than one-half of the total voting
rights of all shareholders that requested the meeting, may
themselves convene a meeting which must be called within
three months. Any such meeting must be convened in the
same manner, as readily as possible, as that in which
meetings are to be convened by Royal Dutch Shells
Directors.
Royal Dutch Shell is required to give at least 21
days notice of any AGM, any general meeting where a
special resolution is to be voted upon, or to pass a
resolution of which special notice under the
Companies Act 2006 has been given. Special
resolutions generally involve proposals to:
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change the name of a company; |
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alter a companys capital structure; |
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change or amend the rights of shareholders; |
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permit a company to issue new shares for cash without applying shareholders
pre-emptive rights; |
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amend a companys objects clause in its Memorandum of Association;
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amend a companys Articles of Association; and |
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carry out other matters for which a companys Articles of Association or the
Companies Act 1985 or 2006 as may be applicable prescribe that a special resolution is
required. |
At least 14 days notice is required for all other general meetings.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 177
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONTROL OF REGISTRANT (UNAUDITED)
Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association require
that any notice of
general meetings must be in writing and must specify
where the meeting is to be held, the date and time of the
meeting and the general nature of the business of the
meeting. The listing rules (the Listing Rules) of the
UKLA (and the Euronext rules and the rules of the NYSE)
require Royal Dutch Shell to inform holders of Royal
Dutch Shells securities of the holding of meetings which
they are entitled to attend.
A shareholder is entitled to appoint a proxy (which is
not required to be another shareholder) to represent and
vote on behalf of the shareholder at any general meeting
of shareholders, including the AGM.
Business may not be transacted at any general meeting,
including the AGM, unless a quorum is present. A quorum
is two people who are entitled to vote at that general
meeting. They can be shareholders who are personally
present or proxies for shareholders entitled to vote at
that general meeting or a combination of both.
If a quorum is not present within five minutes of the
time fixed for a general meeting to start or within any
longer period not exceeding one hour which the chairman
of the meeting can decide and if the meeting was called
by shareholders, it will be cancelled. Any other meeting
will be adjourned to any day (being not less than three
nor more than 28 days later), time and place stated in
the notice of the meeting. If the notice does not provide
for this, the meeting shall be adjourned to a day, time
and place decided upon by the chairman of the meeting.
One shareholder present in person or by proxy and
entitled to vote will constitute a quorum at any
adjourned general meeting.
Record dates
In relation to ordinary shares in uncertificated
form, the holders of those shares that are on the
register of members on the record date have the right to
attend and vote at meetings. In relation to ordinary
shares in certificated form, holders of those shares that
are on the register of members at the time of a meeting
of shareholders are entitled to attend and vote at
meetings.
Voting rights
The Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary
shares have identical voting rights and vote together as
a single class on all matters including the election of
directors unless a matter affects the rights of one class
as a separate class. If a resolution affects the rights
attached to either class of shares as a separate class,
it must be approved either in writing by shareholders
holding at least three-quarters of the issued shares of
that class by amount, excluding any shares of that class
held as treasury shares, or by special resolution passed
at a separate meeting of the registered holders of the
relevant class of shares.
It is the intention that all voting at Royal Dutch Shell
general meetings will take place on a poll. On a poll,
every holder of Class A ordinary shares or Class B
ordinary shares present in person or by proxy has one
vote for every share he holds.
This is subject to any rights or restrictions which are
given to any class of shares. No shareholder is entitled
to vote if he has been
served with a restriction notice after failure to provide
Royal Dutch Shell with information concerning interests
in his or her shares required to be provided under
section 793 of the Companies Act 2006.
A poll is voting by means of a ballot where the
number of shares held by each voting shareholder is
counted, as opposed to voting by way of a show of hands
where the actual number of shares held by voting
shareholders is not taken into account. Under the
Companies Act 2006, if a poll is demanded, the resolution
conducted on a poll must be approved by holders of at
least a majority of the votes cast at the meeting. Both
special and extraordinary resolutions require the
affirmative vote of at least 75% of the votes cast at the
meeting to be approved.
Major shareholders have no differing voting rights.
Rights in a winding up
If Royal Dutch Shell is wound up (whether the
liquidation is voluntary, under supervision of the court
or by the court), the liquidator can, with the authority
of an extraordinary resolution passed by Royal Dutch
Shell shareholders and any other sanction required by
legislation, divide among the shareholders (excluding any
shareholder holding shares as treasury shares) the whole
or any part of Royal Dutch Shells assets. For this
purpose, the liquidator can set the value that the
liquidator considers fair upon any property and decide
how such division is carried out as between shareholders
or different groups of shareholders.
Redemption provisions
Ordinary shares are not subject to any redemption provisions.
Sinking fund provisions
Ordinary shares are not subject to any sinking
fund provision under Royal Dutch Shells Memorandum
and Articles of Association or as a matter of the laws
of England and Wales.
Liability to further calls
No holder of Royal Dutch Shells ordinary shares
will be required to make additional contributions of
capital in respect of Royal Dutch Shells ordinary
shares in the future.
Discriminating provisions
There are no provisions discriminating against a
shareholder because of his/her ownership of a particular
number of shares.
Variation of rights
Under the Companies Act 1985, Royal Dutch Shells
shareholders have power to amend the objects, or
purpose, clause in Royal Dutch Shells Memorandum of
Association and any provision of Royal Dutch Shells
Articles of Association by special resolution, subject
to, in the case of amendments to the objects clause of
the Memorandum of Association, the right of dissenting
shareholders to apply to the courts to cancel the
amendments.
Under the Companies Act 1985, Royal Dutch Shells Board of
Directors is not authorised to change the Memorandum of
Association or the Articles of Association. Royal Dutch
Shells Articles of Association provide that, if permitted
by legislation, the rights attached to any class of Royal
Dutch Shells shares can be changed if this is approved
either in writing by shareholders holding at least
three-quarters of the issued shares of that class by
amount (excluding any shares of that class held as
treasury shares) or by a special resolution passed at a
separate meeting of the holders of the relevant class of
shares. At every such separate meeting, all of the
provisions of the Articles of Association relating to
proceedings at a general meeting apply, except that the
quorum is to be the number
178 Royal Dutch Shell plc
of persons who hold or represent by proxy not less than
one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of the
class. These provisions are not more stringent than
required by law in England.
Limitations on rights to own shares
There are no limitations imposed by the applicable
laws of England and Wales or Royal Dutch Shells
Memorandum or Articles of Association on the rights to
own shares, including the right of non-residents or
foreign persons to hold or vote Royal Dutch Shells
shares, other than limitations that would generally
apply to all of Royal Dutch Shells shareholders.
CHANGE OF CONTROL
There are no provisions in the Memorandum or
Articles of Association of Royal Dutch Shell or of
corporate legislation in England and Wales that would
delay, defer or prevent a change of control.
THRESHOLD FOR DISCLOSURE OF SHARE OWNERSHIP
The Disclosure and Transparency Rules impose an
obligation upon a person who acquires or ceases to have
notifiable interest in the relevant share capital of a
public company to notify the company of that fact
within two days (excluding weekends and bank holidays)
of his or her knowing of its occurrence. The disclosure
threshold is 3%.
The Act provides a public company with the statutory
means to ascertain the persons who are or have within the
last three years been interested in its relevant share
capital and the nature of such interests.
The Royal Dutch Shell Articles of Association provide
that in any statutory notice under the Act, Royal Dutch
Shell will ask for details of those who have an interest
and the extent of their interest in a particular holding.
The Royal Dutch Shell Articles of Association also
provide that when a person receives a statutory notice,
he/she has 14 days to comply with it. If he/she does not
do so or if he/she makes a statement in response to the
notice which is false or inadequate in some important
way, Royal Dutch Shell may restrict the rights relating
to the identified shares, following notice. The
restriction notice will state that the identified shares no longer
give the shareholder any right to attend or vote either
personally or by proxy at a shareholders meeting or to
exercise any right in relation to the shareholders
meetings. Where the identified shares make up 0.25% or
more (in amount or in number) of the existing shares of a
class at the date of delivery of the restriction notice,
the restriction notice can also contain the following
further restrictions: (i) the Directors can withhold any
dividend or part of a dividend or other money otherwise
payable in respect of the identified shares without any
liability to pay interest when such money is finally paid
to the shareholder; and (ii) the Directors can refuse to
register a transfer of any of the identified shares which
are certificated shares unless the Directors are
satisfied that they have been sold outright to an
independent third party. Once a restriction notice has
been given, the Directors are free to cancel it or
exclude any shares from it at any time they think fit. In
addition, they must cancel the restriction notice within
seven days of being satisfied that all information
requested in the statutory notice has been given. Also,
where any of the identified shares are sold and the
Directors are satisfied that they were sold outright to
an independent third party, they must cancel the
restriction notice within seven days of receipt of the
notification of the sale. The Royal Dutch Shell Articles
of Association do not restrict in any way the provision
of the Act.
The UK City Code on Takeovers and Mergers imposes
rigorous disclosure requirements affecting parties to a
proposed takeover, their associates and persons acting
in concert in relation to the shares of a company.
These requirements also extend to dealings by persons
who directly or indirectly own or control (either before
or as a result of the dealing) 1% or more of the equity
shares in an offeror or offeree company or of any other
class of shares relevant to the offer in question.
Rule 13d-1 of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934
requires that a person or group acquiring beneficial
ownership of more than 5% of equity securities
registered under the US Securities Exchange Act
discloses such information to the SEC within 10 days
after the acquisition.
CAPITAL CHANGES
The conditions imposed by Royal Dutch Shells
Memorandum and Articles of Association for changes in
capital are not more stringent than required by the
applicable laws of England and Wales.
AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
One Class A ADR represents two Class A ordinary shares of 0.07 each.
One Class B ADR represents two Class B ordinary shares of 0.07 each.
The Depositary is the registered shareholder of the
shares underlying the Class A or Class B ADRs and enjoys
the rights of a shareholder under the Memorandum and
Articles of Association. Holders of ADRs will not have
shareholder rights. The rights of the holder of a Class A
ADR or Class B ADR are specified in the respective
Depositary agreements with the Depositary and are
summarised below.
The Depositary will receive all cash dividends and other
cash distributions made on the deposited shares underlying the
ADRs and, where possible and on a reasonable basis, will
distribute such dividends and distributions to holders of
ADRs. Rights to purchase additional shares will also be
made available to the Depositary who may make such rights
available to holders of ADRs. All other distributions
made on Royal Dutch Shell shares will be distributed by
the Depositary in any means that the Depositary thinks is
equitable and practical. The Depositary may deduct its
fees and expenses and the amount of any taxes owed from
any payments to holders and it may sell a holders
deposited shares to pay any taxes owed. The Depositary is
not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or
impractical to make a distribution available to holders
of ADRs.
The Depositary will notify holders of ADRs of
shareholders meetings of Royal Dutch Shell and will
arrange to deliver voting materials to such holders of
ADRs if requested by Royal Dutch Shell. Upon request by a
holder, the Depositary will endeavour to appoint such
holder as proxy in respect of such holders deposited
shares entitling such holder to attend and vote at
shareholders meetings. Holders of ADRs may also instruct
the Depositary to vote their deposited securities and the
Depositary will try, as far as practical and lawful, to
vote deposited shares in accordance with such
instructions. Royal Dutch Shell cannot ensure that
holders will receive voting materials or otherwise learn
of an upcoming shareholders meeting in time to ensure
that holders can instruct the Depositary to vote their
shares.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 179
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONTROL OF REGISTRANT (UNAUDITED)
Upon payment of appropriate fees, expenses and taxes
(a) Royal Dutch Shell shareholders may deposit their
shares with the Depositary and receive the corresponding
class and amount of ADRs and (b) holders of ADRs may
surrender their ADRs to the Depositary and have the
corresponding class and amount of Royal Dutch Shell
shares credited to their account. Further, subject to
certain limitations, holders may, at any time, cancel
ADRs and withdraw their underlying shares or have the
corresponding class and amount of shares credited to
their account. The Depositary may also deliver ADRs prior
to deposit of the underlying securities subject to
certain conditions, including, without limitation, that
such pre-released ADRs are fully collateralised and that
the underlying securities are assigned to and held for
the account of the Depositary.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS AND OTHER LIMITATIONS
AFFECTING SECURITY HOLDERS
There is no legislative or other legal provision
currently in force in England or arising under Royal
Dutch Shells Memorandum or Articles of Association
restricting remittances to non-resident holders of Royal
Dutch Shells ordinary shares or affecting the import or
export of capital for use by Royal Dutch Shell.
The Dutch External Financial Relations Act of 1994
enables the Minister of Finance or the Central Bank of
the Netherlands, as the case may be, to issue regulations
with regard to a number of financial transactions
relating to the import and export of capital. The
regulations as issued and applied to date have not
restricted the activities and operations of Shell.
There is no legislative or other legal provision
currently in force in the Netherlands restricting
remittances to non-resident holders of
Royal Dutch Shells ordinary shares.
TAXATION
General
Royal Dutch Shell is incorporated in England and
Wales and tax-resident in the Netherlands. As a tax
resident of the Netherlands, it is generally required by
Dutch law to withhold tax at a rate of 15% on dividends
on its ordinary shares and ADRs, subject to the
provisions of any applicable tax convention or domestic
law. The following sets forth the operation of the
provisions on dividends on Royal Dutch Shells various
ordinary shares and ADRs to US and UK holders, as well
as certain other tax rules pertinent to holders. Each
holder should consult their tax advisor.
Dividends paid on the Dividend Access Share
There is no Dutch withholding tax on dividends on
Royal Dutch Shell Class B ordinary shares or Class B ADRs
provided that such dividends are paid on the Dividend
Access Share pursuant to the Dividend Access Mechanism
(see above section dividend access mechanism for Class B
ordinary shares). Dividends paid on the Dividend Access
Share are treated as UK-source for tax purposes and there
is no UK withholding tax on them. Also, under UK law,
individual shareholders resident in the UK are entitled
to a UK tax credit with dividends paid on the Dividend
Access Share. The amount of the UK tax credit is 10/90ths
of the cash dividend and the credit is not repayable when
it exceeds the individuals UK tax liability. In 2007 all
dividends with respect to Class B ordinary shares and
Class B ADRs were paid on the Dividend Access Share
pursuant to the Dividend Access Mechanism.
Dutch withholding tax
When Dutch withholding tax applies on dividends paid
to a US holder (that is, dividends on Class A ordinary
shares or Class A ADRs; or on Class B ordinary shares or
Class B ADRs that are not paid on the Dividend Access
Share pursuant to the dividend access mechanism), the US
holder will be subject to Dutch withholding tax at the
rate of 15%. A US holder who is entitled to the benefits
of the 1992 Double Taxation Convention between the USA and
the Netherlands and as amended by the protocol signed
March 8, 2004 (the Convention) will be entitled to a
reduction in the Dutch withholding tax, either by way of a
full or a partial exemption at source or by way of a
partial refund or a credit as follows:
|
|
If the US holder is an exempt pension trust as described in article 35 of the
Convention, or an exempt organisation as described in article 36 thereof, the US holder
will be exempt from Dutch withholding tax. |
|
|
If the US holder is a company that holds directly at least 10% of the voting power
in Royal Dutch Shell, the US holder will be subject to Dutch withholding tax at a rate not
exceeding 5%. |
In general, the entire dividend (including any amount
withheld) will be dividend income to the US holder, and
the withholding tax will be treated as a foreign income
tax that is eligible for credit against the US holders
income tax liability or a deduction subject to certain
limitations. A US holder includes, but is not limited
to, a citizen or resident of the USA, or a corporation or
other entity organised under the laws of the USA or any
of its political subdivisions.
When Dutch withholding tax applies on dividends paid to
UK-resident holders (that is, dividends on Class A
ordinary shares or Class A ADRs, or on Class B ordinary
shares or Class B ADRs that are not paid on the Dividend
Access Share pursuant to the dividend access mechanism),
the dividend will typically be subject to withholding
tax at a rate of 15%. Such UK holder will be entitled to
a credit (not repayable) for withholding tax against
their UK tax liability. Pension funds, meeting certain
defined criteria, can however, claim a full refund of
the dividend tax withheld. Also, resident corporate
shareholders holding at least a 5% shareholding and
meeting other defined criteria are exempted at source
from dividend tax.
For shareholders who are resident in any other country,
the availability of a whole or partial exemption or
refund of Dutch withholding tax is governed by Dutch tax
law and/or the tax convention, if any, between the
Netherlands and the country of the shareholders
residence.
Dutch capital gains taxation
Capital gains on the sale of shares of a Dutch
tax-resident company by a US holder are generally not
subject to taxation by the Netherlands unless the US
shareholder has a permanent establishment therein and the
capital gain is derived from the sale of shares that are
part of the business property of the permanent
establishment.
Dutch succession duty and gift taxes
Shares of a Dutch tax-resident company held by an
individual who is not a resident or a deemed resident of
the Netherlands will generally not be subject to
succession duty in the Netherlands on the individuals
death unless the shares are part of the business property
of a permanent establishment situated in the Netherlands.
A gift of shares of a Dutch tax-resident company by an
individual, who is not a resident or deemed resident of
the Netherlands, is generally not subject to Dutch gift
tax.
180 Royal Dutch Shell plc
UK stamp duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (SDRT)
Sales or transfers of Royal Dutch Shell ordinary
shares within a clearance service (such as Euroclear
Nederland) or of Royal Dutch Shell ADRs within the ADR
depositary receipts system will not give rise to a SDRT
liability and should not in practice require the payment
of UK stamp duty.
The transfer of Royal Dutch Shell ordinary shares to a
clearance service (such as Euroclear Nederland) or to an
issuer of depositary receipts (such as ADRs) will
generally give rise to a UK stamp duty or SDRT liability
at the rate of 1.5% of consideration given, or if none, of
the value of the shares. A sale of Royal Dutch Shell
ordinary shares that are not held within a clearance
service (for example, settled through the UKs CREST
system of paperless transfers) will generally be subject
to UK stamp duty or SDRT at the rate of 0.5% of amount of
the consideration, normally paid by the purchaser.
MANAGEMENT
Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association provide
that Royal Dutch Shells Board of Directors must consist
of not less than three members nor more than 20 members
at any time. Royal Dutch Shell has a single tier Board of
Directors headed by a Chairman, with management led by a
Chief Executive. Royal Dutch Shells Board comprises 9
Non-executive Directors (including the Chairman) and five
Executive Directors (including the Chief Executive and
the Chief Financial Officer).
Royal Dutch Shells Articles of Association provide that
at every Annual General Meeting any Director who was in
office at the time of the two previous Annual General
Meetings and who did not retire at either of them must
retire. Additional provisions in respect of retirement
apply to the 2008 AGM. At the AGM at which a Director
retires, shareholders can pass an ordinary resolution to
re-elect the Director or to elect another eligible person
in his or her place.
A Director who would not otherwise be required to retire
must retire if he has been in office, other than as a
Director holding an executive position, for a continuous
period of nine years or more at the date of the meeting.
Any such Director will be eligible to stand for
re-election.
The business address for all of the Directors is Carel
van Bylandtlaan 30, 2596 HR, The Hague, The Netherlands.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
There were no transactions or proposed transactions
that were material to either the Company or any related
party. Nor were there any transactions that were
unusual in their nature or conditions with any related
party.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 181
Index to the Parent Company Financial Statements
The Parent Company Financial Statements have not been audited in accordance with the standards of
the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
The Notes on pages 186 to 194 are an integral part of these Parent Company Financial Statements.
182 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Parent Company Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF INCOME |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Dividend income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,739 |
|
|
|
17,174 |
|
Administrative expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
Finance income |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
Finance expense |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
Income before taxation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,137 |
|
|
|
17,596 |
|
|
|
|
Taxation |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
Income for the period attributable to shareholders of
Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,135 |
|
|
|
17,638 |
|
|
All results are from continuing activities.
The Notes on pages 186 to 194 are an integral part of these Parent Company Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 183
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE SHEET |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in subsidiaries |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
200,613 |
|
|
|
200,613 |
|
Deferred tax |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,631 |
|
|
|
200,623 |
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
8,204 |
|
|
|
6,633 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,861 |
|
|
|
7,282 |
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
209,492 |
|
|
|
207,905 |
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
|
|
EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary share capital |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
Other reserves |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
201,180 |
|
|
|
200,824 |
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,886 |
|
|
|
5,618 |
|
|
|
|
Equity attributable to shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
208,602 |
|
|
|
206,987 |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
209,492 |
|
|
|
207,905 |
|
|
/s/ Peter Voser
Peter Voser
Chief Financial Officer, for and on behalf of the Board of Directors
March 12, 2008
The Notes on pages 186 to 194 are an integral part of these Parent Company Financial Statements.
184 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Retained |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
capital |
|
|
reserves |
|
|
earnings |
|
|
equity |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
200,420 |
|
|
|
4,323 |
|
|
|
205,314 |
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,638 |
|
|
|
17,638 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224 |
|
Dividends paid |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
Issue of share capital |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
200,824 |
|
|
|
5,618 |
|
|
|
206,987 |
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,135 |
|
|
|
15,135 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
347 |
|
Dividends paid |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
Shares repurchased for cancellation |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(4,866 |
) |
|
|
(4,866 |
) |
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
201,180 |
|
|
|
6,886 |
|
|
|
208,602 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cash flow from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,135 |
|
|
|
17,638 |
|
Adjustment for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(14,739 |
) |
|
|
(17,174 |
) |
Deferred taxation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
Current taxation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Currency exchange gain (unrealised) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
(318 |
) |
Interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
Decrease in net working capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities (pre-tax) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
408 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
Taxation paid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
Dividends received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,068 |
|
|
|
14,663 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,100 |
|
|
|
14,714 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds for loan notes cancelled and shares issued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
166 |
|
Repurchase of share capital, including expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(4,387 |
) |
|
|
(8,201 |
) |
Dividends paid |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(9,001 |
) |
|
|
(8,142 |
) |
Interest paid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,399 |
) |
|
|
(16,202 |
) |
|
|
|
Currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(1,251 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
|
1,899 |
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
The Notes on pages 186 to 194 are an integral part of these Parent Company Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 185
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements
In 2005, Royal Dutch Shell plc (Royal Dutch Shell, the Company) incorporated in England and
Wales, became the single parent company of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (Royal Dutch) and of
Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited (previously known as The Shell Transport and
Trading Company, p.l.c.) (Shell Transport), the two former public parent companies of the Group
(the Unification). After the Unification, a series of restructuring transactions of the Group
occurred in December 2005, which included the contribution of Shell Transport to Royal Dutch and
the merger under Dutch law of Royal Dutch with its wholly owned subsidiary, Shell Petroleum N.V.
(Shell Petroleum). As a result of the merger, Royal Dutch and the Royal Dutch shares ceased to
exist and Shell Petroleum, the surviving company in the merger, became a 100% owned subsidiary of
Royal Dutch Shell and Shell Transport a 100% subsidiary of Shell Petroleum.
The Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of
the Companies Act 1985, Article 4 of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) Regulation and
with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union. As
applied to Royal Dutch Shell, there are no material differences with IFRS as issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board.
The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with those IFRS as issued by the IASB.
The accounting policies set out in Note 2 below have been consistently applied to all periods
presented.
The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by
the revaluation of certain financial assets and liabilities and other derivative contracts.
The preparation of financial information in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain
accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of
applying the Companys accounting policies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The financial results of the Company are included in the Consolidated Financial
Statements of Shell on pages 112-161. The financial results of the Company incorporate
the results of the Dividend Access Trust.
The Companys principal activity is being the parent company for Shell. It conducts
itself wholly within the Corporate business segment.
The Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on March
12, 2008.
Accounting policies follow those of Shell as set out in Note 2 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements on pages 117-121. The following are the principal accounting
policies of Royal Dutch Shell.
CURRENCY TRANSLATION
Income and expense items denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are
translated into the functional currency at the rate ruling on their transaction date. Monetary
assets and liabilities recorded in currencies other than the functional currency have been
expressed in the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the respective balance
sheet dates. Differences on translation are included in the Statement of Income.
Share capital issued in currencies other than in the functional currency is translated into the
functional currency at the exchange rate as at the date of issue.
PRESENTATION CURRENCY
The Companys presentation and functional currency is US dollars.
TAXATION
The Company is tax resident in the Netherlands.
For the assessment of Netherlands corporate income tax, the Company and certain of its
subsidiaries form a fiscal unit. As from January 1, 2006 Shell Petroleum and its fiscal unit
subsidiaries have become part of the fiscal unit of which the Company is the parent. The
deferred tax asset related to the Shell Petroleum fiscal unit prior to January 1, 2006 remained
accounted for in Shell Petroleum until this was utilised in 2007. As from 2007, onwards the
Company records the resulting current tax payable for the fiscal unit.
The Company records a tax charge or credit in the Statement of Income calculated at the
statutory tax rate prevailing in the Netherlands.
186 Royal Dutch Shell plc
INVESTMENTS
Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost, net of pre-acquisition dividends receivable.
The cost of the Companys investment in Royal Dutch is based on the fair value of the Royal Dutch
shares, transferred to Royal Dutch
Shell by the former shareholders of Royal Dutch in exchange for Class A shares in Royal Dutch Shell
during the public exchange offer
(the Royal Dutch Offer). For shares of Royal Dutch tendered in the acceptance period, the fair
value is calculated based on the closing
price of Royal Dutchs shares on July 19, 2005. For shares of Royal Dutch tendered in the
subsequent acceptance period, the fair value
is calculated based on the quoted bid price of Royal Dutch Shells Class A shares on the specified
date.
The cost of the Companys investment in Shell Transport is the fair value of the Shell Transport
shares held by the former shareholders
of Shell Transport, which were transferred in consideration for the issuance of Class B shares as
part of the Scheme of Arrangement.
The fair value is calculated based on the closing price of Shell Transports shares on July 19,
2005.
As a result of the Unification (see Note 1), the Companys investments in Royal Dutch and Shell
Transport now represents an
investment in Shell Petroleum. This had no impact on the cost of investments in subsidiaries.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The fair value of share-based compensation (IFRS 2 charge) for equity-settled plans granted to
employees under the Companys
schemes is recognised as a receivable from subsidiaries from the date of grant over the vesting
period with a corresponding increase in
equity. The fair value of these plans is determined using a Monte Carlo pricing model.
At the moment of vesting of a plan, the costs for the actual deliveries will be recharged to the
relevant employing subsidiaries.
If the actual vesting costs are lower than the originally estimated IFRS 2 charge, the difference
is accounted for as an increase in the cost
of investment. If the actual vesting costs are higher than the originally estimated IFRS 2 charge,
the difference is accounted for as a gain
in the Statement of Income.
DIVIDEND INCOME
Interim dividends declared are recognised on a paid basis unless the dividend has been confirmed by
a general meeting of Shell
Transport or of Shell Petroleum, in which case income is recognised on declaration date.
3
FINANCE
INCOME/(EXPENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Finance income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
Currency exchange gains |
|
|
404 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
Finance expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
Total |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
4
DIRECTORS AND
SENIOR
MANAGEMENT
COMPENSATION
The Directors and Senior Management are remunerated for their services to the group as a whole. The
Directors and Senior
Management remuneration is paid by subsidiaries. The Parent Company has received a recharge of $9.3
million (2006: $5.2 million)
for the services of Directors and Senior Management.
Remuneration of Directors and Senior Management is set out in Note 6[C] to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 187
NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] TAXATION (CHARGE)/CREDIT FOR THE PERIOD |
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Current taxation |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
Taxation (charge)/credit |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliations
of the expected tax charge to the actual tax charge is as
follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Income before taxation |
|
|
15,137 |
|
|
|
17,596 |
|
|
Applicable tax charge at statutory
rate of 25.5% (2006: 29.1%) |
|
|
(3,860 |
) |
|
|
(5,120 |
) |
Income not subject to tax |
|
|
3,861 |
|
|
|
5,131 |
|
Adjustment in respect of prior period |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Tax credit on UK dividends |
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
Other reconciling items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
Taxation (charge)/credit |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
42 |
|
|
The adjustment in respect of prior period reflects the effects of changes in current period in
rules, facts or other factors compared to those used in establishing the current tax position or deferred tax
balance in prior period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[B] TAXES PAYABLE[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] See Note 2 Accounting policies. |
Taxes
payable are reported within accounts payable and accrued
liabilities.
In 2007, current tax of $20 million was recognised in
equity due to the tax deductability of stamp duty and commission fees, relating
to shares repurchased for cancellation.
|
|
|
|
|
[C] DEFERRED TAX ASSETS |
|
$ million |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
2 |
|
Credited to income |
|
|
8 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
10 |
|
Credited to equity |
|
|
7 |
|
Difference in exchange |
|
|
1 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of all tax losses as it is probable that
these assets will be recovered based on future available profits. The Company has tax losses
carried forward amounting to $18 million (2006: $10 million), which can be carried forward for
7 years as of December 31, 2007. In 2007 deferred tax of $7 million was recognised directly in
equity due to stamp duty and commission fees, relating to shares repurchased for cancellation,
being deductible.
188 Royal Dutch Shell plc
6
INVESTMENTS IN
SUBSIDIARIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
At January 1 |
|
|
200,613 |
|
|
|
200,612 |
|
Additions in the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
At December 31 |
|
|
200,613 |
|
|
|
200,613 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries |
|
|
8,202 |
|
|
|
6,606 |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
Total |
|
|
8,204 |
|
|
|
6,633 |
|
|
Amounts due from subsidiaries consist mainly of dividends receivable from Shell Petroleum (see Note
14).
In 2006, other receivables mainly comprised of an amount relating to a UK tax credit of $25
million, which was settled in 2007.
8
CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
Overdraft with a subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
Cash and cash equivalents in the Statement of Cash Flows |
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents comprise call deposits with a subsidiary (see Note 14).
9
FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS AND
OTHER DERIVATIVE
CONTRACTS
Accounting policies relating to financial instruments and other derivative contracts follow
those of Shell as set out in Note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 145-149.
Financial assets and liabilities in the Companys Balance Sheet comprise cash and cash
equivalents (see Note 8), accounts receivable (see Note 7) and certain amounts reported within
accounts payable and accrued liabilities (see Note 10).
Foreign exchange derivatives are used by the Company to manage foreign exchange risk. Foreign
exchange risk arises when certain transactions are denominated in a currency that is not the
Companys functional currency. The Company has hedging and treasury policies in place, which are
designed to measure and manage its foreign currency exposures by
reference to its functional currency and to report foreign exchange gains and losses.
The Company held no forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2007 (2006: nil).
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities at December 31, 2007 and 2006 approximates the
carrying amount.
10
ACCOUNTS
PAYABLE AND
ACCRUED
LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Accruals |
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
Withholding tax payable |
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
Taxes payable |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts owed to subsidiaries |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
669 |
|
Unclaimed dividends |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
890 |
|
|
|
918 |
|
|
Accruals include an amount of $479 million relating to contracts with external banks for share
buybacks during the closed period.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 189
NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11
ORDINARY SHARE
CAPITAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTHORISED |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
Dec 31, 2007[A] |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006[A] |
|
|
4,077,359,886 |
|
|
|
4,077,359,886 |
|
|
Class A shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
Class B shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
3,101,000,000 |
|
|
|
3,101,000,000 |
|
|
Unclassified shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
217 |
|
|
|
217 |
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
Euro deferred shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
Sterling deferred shares of £1 each |
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Amounts are in millions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISSUED AND FULLY PAID |
|
|
|
Number of shares |
|
|
|
|
Shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
|
Shares of £1 each |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euro |
|
|
|
Sterling |
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
deferred |
|
|
|
deferred |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
3,935,625,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
62,280,114 |
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Shares issued |
|
|
|
4,827,974 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62,280,114 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
(244,672,974 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
3,695,780,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
(112,275,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
3,583,505,000 |
|
|
|
2,759,360,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOMINAL VALUE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
|
Shares of 0.07 each |
|
|
|
Shares of £1 each |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Euro |
|
|
|
Sterling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
deferred |
|
|
|
deferred |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
571 |
|
Shares issued |
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
545 |
|
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Less than $1 million. |
On January 6, 2006 the Company issued 4,827,974 Class A shares at a nominal value of 0.07 in
exchange for loan notes issued to the remaining public shareholders of Royal Dutch on December
21, 2005 as part of the Unification (see Note 1). On March 8, 2006 62,280,114 euro deferred
shares were redeemed for 0.01 in total, in accordance with the rights attached to those shares.
In the period from January 1, 2006 to December 20, 2006 244,672,974 Class A shares were
repurchased under the Companys share buyback programme and cancelled.
In the period from January 2, 2007 to December 19, 2007 112,275,000 Class A shares were
repurchased under the Companys share buyback programme and cancelled.
The Class B shares rank pari passu in all respects with the Class A shares except for the
dividend access mechanism described below. Royal Dutch Shell and Shell Transport can procure the
termination of the dividend access mechanism at any time. Upon such termination, the Class B
shares will form one class with the Class A shares ranking pari passu in all respects and the
Class A shares and Class B shares will be known as ordinary shares without further distinction.
The sterling deferred shares are redeemable only at the option of the Company at £1 for all the
sterling deferred shares redeemed at any one time, and carry no voting rights. There are no
further rights to participate in profits or assets, including the right to receive dividends.
Upon winding up or liquidation, the shares carry a right to repayment of paid-up nominal value,
ranking ahead of the ordinary shares and Class A and Class B shares, but behind the euro deferred
shares.
For information on the number of shares in the Company held by Shell employee share ownership
trusts and in connection with share-based compensation plans, refer to Note 27 of the
Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 149-152.
190 Royal Dutch Shell plc
DIVIDEND ACCESS MECHANISM FOR CLASS B ORDINARY SHARES
General
Dividends paid on Class A shares have a Dutch source for tax purposes and are subject to Dutch
withholding tax.
It is the expectation and the intention, although there can be no certainty, that holders of
Class B shares will receive dividends via the dividend access mechanism. Any dividends paid on
the dividend access share will have a UK source for Dutch and UK tax purposes; there will be no
UK or Dutch withholding tax on such dividends and certain holders (not including US holders) of
Class B shares or Class B ADRs will be entitled to a UK tax credit in respect of their
proportional share of such dividends.
DESCRIPTION OF DIVIDEND ACCESS MECHANISM
A dividend access share has been issued by Shell Transport to Lloyds TSB Offshore Trust Company
Limited (Lloyds) as dividend access trustee. Pursuant to a declaration of trust, Lloyds will hold
any dividends paid in respect of the dividend access share on trust for the holders of Class B
shares from time to time and will arrange for prompt disbursement of such dividends to holders of
Class B shares. Interest and other income earned on unclaimed dividends will be for the account
of Shell Transport and any dividends which are unclaimed after 12 years will revert to Shell
Transport. Holders of Class B shares will not have any interest in the dividend access share and
will not have any rights against Shell Transport as issuer of the dividend access share. The only
assets held on trust for the benefit of the holders of Class B shares will be dividends paid to
the dividend access trustee in respect of the dividend access share.
The declaration and payment of dividends on the dividend access share will require board action
by Shell Transport and will be subject to any applicable legal or articles limitations in effect
from time to time. In no event will the aggregate amount of the dividend paid by Shell Transport
under the dividend access mechanism for a particular period exceed the aggregate amount of the
dividend declared by the Royal Dutch Shell Board on the Class B shares in respect of the same
period.
OPERATION OF THE DIVIDEND ACCESS MECHANISM
Following the declaration of a dividend by Royal Dutch Shell on the Class B shares, Shell
Transport may declare a dividend on the dividend access share. Shell Transport will not declare
a dividend on the dividend access share before Royal Dutch Shell declares a dividend on the
Class B shares, as Shell Transport will need to know what dividend Royal Dutch Shell has
declared on the Class B shares. This is to ensure that the dividend declared on the dividend
access share does not exceed an amount equal to the total dividend declared by Royal Dutch Shell
on the Class B shares.
To the extent that a dividend is declared by Shell Transport on the dividend access share and
paid to the dividend access trustee, the holders of the Class B shares will be beneficially
entitled to receive their share of that dividend pursuant to the declaration of trust (and
arrangements will be made to ensure that the dividend is paid in the same currency in which they
would have received a dividend from Royal Dutch Shell).
If any amount is paid by Shell Transport by way of a dividend on the dividend access share and
paid by the dividend access trustee to any holder of Class B shares, the dividend which Royal
Dutch Shell would otherwise pay on the Class B shares will be reduced by an amount equal to the
amount paid to such holders of Class B shares by the dividend access trustee.
Royal Dutch Shell will have a full and unconditional obligation, in the event that the dividend
access trustee does not pay an amount to holders of Class B shares on a cash dividend payment
date (even if that amount has been paid to the dividend access trustee), to pay immediately the
dividend declared on the Class B shares. The right of holders of Class B shares to receive
distributions from the dividend access trustee will be reduced by an amount equal to the amount
of any payment actually made by Royal Dutch Shell on account of any dividend on Class B shares.
The dividend access mechanism may be suspended or terminated at any time by Royal Dutch Shells
Directors or the Directors of Shell Transport, for any reason and without financial recompense.
This might, for instance, occur in response to changes in relevant tax legislation.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 191
NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANALYSIS OF OTHER RESERVES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ million |
|
|
|
Share |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
premium |
|
|
redemption |
|
|
Share plan |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
reserve |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
reserve |
|
|
Total |
|
At January 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
200,377 |
|
|
|
200,420 |
|
Issue of share capital |
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224 |
|
Redemption of share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
254 |
|
|
|
200,377 |
|
|
|
200,824 |
|
Share-based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
347 |
|
Shares repurchased for
cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
200,377 |
|
|
|
201,180 |
|
|
SHARE PREMIUM RESERVE
On January 6, 2006 the loan notes were converted into 4,827,974 Class A shares. The difference
between the value of the loan notes and the value of the new shares issued was credited to the
share premium reserve.
CAPITAL REDEMPTION RESERVE
As required by the Companies Act 1985, the equivalent of the nominal value of shares
cancelled is transferred to a capital redemption reserve.
SHARE PLAN RESERVE
Share plan reserve represents the fair value of share-based compensation granted to employees
under the Companys equity settled schemes which is to be charged to the relevant employing
subsidiary with a corresponding increase shown in equity.
OTHER RESERVE
The other reserve was created as a result of the Unification and represents the difference
between the cost of the investment in Shell Transport and Royal Dutch and the nominal value of
shares issued in exchange for those investments as required by section 131 of the Companies Act
1985.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIVIDENDS PAID |
|
|
|
$ million |
|
Interim paid on March 15, 2006: |
|
$0.28 per Class A share[A] |
|
|
1,085 |
|
Interim paid on March 15, 2006: |
|
$0.28 per Class B share[A] |
|
|
755 |
|
Interim paid on June 14, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class A share[A] |
|
|
1,220 |
|
Interim paid on June 14, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class B share[A] |
|
|
870 |
|
Interim paid on September 13, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class A share[A] |
|
|
1,200 |
|
Interim paid on September 13, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class B share[A] |
|
|
882 |
|
Interim paid on December 13, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class A share[A] |
|
|
1,221 |
|
Interim paid on December 13, 2006: |
|
$0.315 per Class B share[A] |
|
|
909 |
|
|
Total paid in 2006 |
|
|
|
|
8,142 |
|
|
Interim paid on March 14, 2007: |
|
$0.325 per Class A share[A] |
|
|
1,204 |
|
Interim paid on March 14, 2007: |
|
$0.325 per Class B share[A] |
|
|
884 |
|
Interim paid on June 13, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class A share |
|
|
1,304 |
|
Interim paid on June 13, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class B share |
|
|
984 |
|
Interim paid on September 12, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class A share |
|
|
1,321 |
|
Interim paid on September 12, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class B share |
|
|
987 |
|
Interim paid on December 12, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class A share |
|
|
1,325 |
|
Interim paid on December 12, 2007: |
|
$0.36 per Class B share |
|
|
992 |
|
|
Total paid in 2007 |
|
|
|
|
9,001 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Dividends for 2006 were declared in euro and have been translated, for comparison purposes, to
US dollars (based on the conversion of US dollar dividend in respect of
American Depositary Receipts (ADR) in the applicable period; one ADR is equal to two ordinary
shares). |
In addition, on January 31, 2008, the Directors proposed a further interim dividend in respect of
2007 of $0.36 per Class A share and
$0.36 per Class B share, payable on March 12, 2008, which will absorb an estimated $2,283 million
of shareholders funds. The
dividends on the Class B shares are paid via the Dividend Access Trust (see Note 11).
192 Royal Dutch Shell plc
14
RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS
The Company deposited cash balances with Shell Treasury Centre Limited, a subsidiary. The Company
earned interest on these
balances of $31 million in 2007 (2006: $35 million). At December 31, 2007 the balance deposited was
$657 million
(2006: $648 million), consisting of sterling, euro and dollar balances. These balances are shown
within cash and cash equivalents.
Interest on the euro balance is calculated at Euribor less 0.0625%, on the sterling balance at
LIBOR and on the dollar balance at US
LIBOR less 0.125%.
The Company has balances with Shell Treasury Luxembourg, a subsidiary. The Company paid interest on
these balances of $11
million in 2007 (2006: $10 million). At December 31, 2007 the amount receivable from Shell Treasury
Luxembourg was $69
million,
consisting of sterling, euro and dollar balances, shown within amounts due from subsidiaries. In
2006, the company had a net payable
to Shell Treasury Luxembourg of $3 million. Interest on the euro balance is calculated at Euribor
less 0.0625%, on the sterling balance
at LIBOR and on the dollar balance at US LIBOR.
Dividends of $14,739 million in 2007 (2006: $17,174 million) were receivable from subsidiaries. At
December 31, 2007 an amount of
$7,414 million was outstanding (2006: $5,709 million).
At December 31, 2007 an amount of $601 million (2006: $254 million) was receivable from
subsidiaries in respect of the fair value of
share-based compensation granted to employees under the Companys schemes.
In 2007, Shell Petroleum settled balances with the Company in cash for an amount of $173 million
(2006: nil). In 2007, the
Company settled balances with several subsidiaries amounting to $35 million (2006: nil). At
December 31, 2007 a balance of $115
million (2006: $21 million) was due from subsidiaries in respect of these transactions.
The Company is recharged certain administrative expenses from subsidiaries, which amounted to $27
million in 2007
(2006: $24 million).
The Company recharged certain administrative expenses to subsidiaries, which amounted to $3 million
in 2007 (2006: $3 million).
Invoices from third party suppliers were paid by Shell International B.V., a subsidiary, on behalf
of the Company amounting to
$7 million (2006: $4 million).
In 2007, the Dutch Fiscal Unit utilised all its deferred tax losses and as a result the tax payable
position is transferred from Shell
Petroleum to the parent of the fiscal unit. The total tax amount that was transferred between Shell
Petroleum and the Company during
2007 was $304 million (2006: nil).
The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts or spot foreign exchange contracts with
Treasury companies within Shell.
At December 31, 2007 there were no open contracts with Treasury companies in respect of foreign
exchange contracts.
The Company has guaranteed listed debt issued by subsidiaries amounting to $9,475 million (2006:
$7,115 million).
Please refer to Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
16
POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS
Since December 31, 2007, additional purchases of shares have been made under the Companys buyback
programme.
At February 26, 2008, a further 21,280,000 Class A shares (representing 0.3% of Royal Dutch Shells
issued ordinary share capital at
December 31, 2007) had been purchased for cancellation at a total cost of $796 million including
expenses, at an average
price of 25.23 and 1,892.73 pence per Class A share.
Royal Dutch Shell plc 193
NOTES TO THE PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
17
ASSOCIATED
COMPANIES
AND JOINTLY
CONTROLLED
ENTITIES
The Company has no direct interest in associated companies and jointly controlled entities.
Shells major investments in associated companies and jointly controlled entities at December
31, 2007, and Shells percentage of share capital (to the nearest whole number) are set out
below. A complete list of investments in subsidiary and associated companies and
jointly controlled entities will be attached to the Companys annual return made to the
Registrar of Companies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment |
|
Name |
|
Description |
|
Country of incorportion |
|
Shell interest |
Exploration & Production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aera |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
52 |
% |
|
|
Brunei Shell |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Brunei |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
NAM |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
the Netherlands |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Sakhalin Energy |
|
Associated company |
|
Bermuda |
|
|
28 |
% |
|
|
Woodside |
|
Associated company |
|
Australia |
|
|
34 |
% |
|
Gas & Power |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nigeria LNG |
|
Associated company |
|
Nigeria |
|
|
26 |
% |
|
|
Oman LNG |
|
Associated company |
|
Oman |
|
|
30 |
% |
|
Oil Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Motiva |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Deer Park |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
USA |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Saudi Arabia Refinery |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Showa Shell |
|
Associated company |
|
Japan |
|
|
35 |
% |
|
Chemicals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CNOOC and Shell Petrochemicals (Nanhai) |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
China |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Infineum |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
the Netherlands |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
|
Saudi Petrochemical |
|
Jointly controlled entity |
|
Saudi Arabia |
|
|
50 |
% |
|
All shareholdings in the above entities are in ordinary shares or the equivalent.
The significant subsidiary undertakings of the Company at December 31, 2007, and Shells
percentage of share capital (to the nearest whole number) are set out in Exhibit 8. All of these
subsidiaries have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of Shell on pages 112 to
161. Those held directly by the Company are marked with an asterisk (*). A complete list of
investments in subsidiary and associated companies and jointly controlled entities will be
attached to the Companys annual return made to the Registrar of Companies.
194 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Reports of the Independent Auditors
REPORT ON THE ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT TO LLOYDS TSB OFFSHORE
TRUST COMPANY LIMITED, TRUSTEE OF THE ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
DIVIDEND ACCESS TRUST
We have audited the financial statements of the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend
Access Trust for the year ended December 31, 2007, which comprise the
Statement of Income, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Changes in Equity,
the Statement of Cash Flows and the related notes. These financial statements
have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein.
RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS AND AUDITORS
The Trustee is responsible for preparing the financial statements in accordance
with applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as
adopted by the European Union.
Our responsibility is to audit the financial statements in accordance with relevant
legal and regulatory requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK
and Ireland). This report, including the opinion, has been prepared for the
Trustee and the Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B shareholders as a group in
accordance with clause 9.4 of the Trust Deed, and for no other purpose. We do
not, in giving this opinion, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose
or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may
come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.
We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial statements give a true
and fair view. We also report to you if, in our opinion the Trust has not kept
proper accounting records, or if we have not received all the information and
explanations we require for our audit.
We read the other information contained in the Royal Dutch Shell Annual
Report, and consider whether it is consistent with the audited financial
statements. This other information comprises the other sections of the Royal
Dutch Shell Annual Report and Accounts and Annual Report on Form 20-F.
We consider the implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent
misstatements or material inconsistencies with the financial statements.
Our responsibilities do not extend to any other information.
BASIS OF AUDIT OPINION
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on
Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit
includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. It also includes an assessment of the
significant estimates and judgments made by the Trustee in the preparation of
the financial statements, and of whether the accounting policies are in
accordance with the requirements of the Trust Deed, consistently applied and
adequately disclosed.
We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and
explanations which we considered necessary in order to provide us with
sufficient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are
free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity
or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the
presentation of information in the financial statements.
OPINION
In our opinion the financial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance
with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, of the state of the Trusts
affairs as at December 31, 2007, and of its result and cash flows for the year
then ended.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
London
March 12, 2008
Royal
Dutch Shell plc 195
REPORTS OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
REPORT ON THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 20-F
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO LLOYDS TSB OFFSHORE TRUST COMPANY LIMITED, TRUSTEE OF
THE ROYAL DUTCH SHELL DIVIDEND ACCESS TRUST AND THE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF ROYAL DUTCH
SHELL PLC
In our opinion, the accompanying Statement of Income and the related
Balance Sheet, Statement of Changes in Equity and Statement of Cash Flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Royal Dutch
Shell Dividend Access Trust at December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2006,
and the results of its operations and cash flows for each of the three periods
ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board. Also, in our opinion the Trust maintained, in all material
respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework
issued by the COSO. The Trustee and the management of Royal Dutch Shell
plc are responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective
internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the
accompanying Corporate Governance Report as set out on page 91. Our
responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the
Trusts internal control over financial reporting based on our audits which
were integrated audits in 2007 and 2006. We conducted our audits in
accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the
financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal
control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also
included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinions.
196
Royal Dutch Shell plc
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and
the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorisations of management and
directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding
prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use, or disposition
of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting
may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London
March 12, 2008
Note that the report set out above is included for the purpose of Royal Dutch
Shells Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2007 only and does not form part of
Royal Dutch Shells Annual Report and Accounts for 2007.
Index to the Royal Dutch Shell
Dividend Access Trust Financial Statements
The Notes on pages 202 to 203 are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
197
Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF INCOME |
|
|
£ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period May 19 to |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
870 |
|
Finance costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
Income before taxation and for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
All results are from continuing activities.
The Notes on pages 202 to 203 are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
198
Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE SHEET |
|
|
£ million |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
Dec 31, 2007 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital account |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue account |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jeremy Le Maistre
|
|
/s/ Michael Richards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeremy Le Maistre
|
|
Michael Richards |
Director, for and on behalf of Lloyds TSB Offshore
|
|
Director, for and on behalf of Lloyds TSB Offshore |
Trust Company Limited
|
|
Trust Company Limited |
|
|
|
March 12, 2008 |
|
|
The Notes on pages 202 to 203 are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
199
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL DIVIDEND ACCESS TRUST FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
|
|
£ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Revenue |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
NOTES |
|
|
account |
|
|
account |
|
|
equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At May 19, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
Total recognised income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
Distributions made |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
At December 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
Total recognised income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
Distributions made |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,837 |
) |
|
|
(1,837 |
) |
|
At December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
Total recognised income for the period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,930 |
|
Distributions made |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,930 |
) |
|
|
(1,930 |
) |
|
At December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Notes on pages 202 to 203 are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
200
Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS |
|
|
£ million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period May 19 to |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Dec 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income for the period |
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
Adjustment for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends received |
|
|
(1,930 |
) |
|
|
(1,837 |
) |
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
|
Cash flow from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends received |
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from investing activities |
|
|
1,930 |
|
|
|
1,837 |
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions made |
|
|
(1,930 |
) |
|
|
(1,837 |
) |
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
|
Cash flow from financing activities |
|
|
(1,930 |
) |
|
|
(1,837 |
) |
|
|
(869 |
) |
|
|
|
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Notes on pages 202 to 203 are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
201
Notes to the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust Financial Statements
The Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust (the Trust) was established on May 19, 2005, by The
Shell Transport and Trading
Company Limited (previously known as The Shell Transport and Trading Company, plc (Shell
Transport)) and Royal Dutch
Shell plc (Royal Dutch Shell). The Trust is governed by the applicable laws of England and Wales
and resident in Jersey.
The Trustee of the Trust was Hill Samuel Offshore Trust Company Limited, 7 Bond Street, St Helier,
Jersey, JE4 8PH.
On January 1, 2007, the Trustee changed its name and registered office to Lloyds TSB Offshore Trust
Company Limited,
25 New Street, St Helier, Jersey, JE4 8RG. The Trust was established as part of a dividend access
mechanism.
A Dividend Access Share was issued by Shell Transport, a company in the Royal Dutch Shell Group, to
the Trustee of the Dividend
Access Trust. Following the declaration of a dividend by Royal Dutch Shell on the Class B shares,
Shell Transport may declare a
dividend on the Dividend Access Share.
The primary purpose of the Trust is for the Trustee to receive, as Trustee for the Class B
shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell and in
accordance with their respective holdings of Class B shares in Royal Dutch Shell, any amounts paid
by way of dividend on the
Dividend Access Share and to pay such amounts to the Class B shareholders on the same pro rata
basis.
The Trust shall not endure for a period in excess of 80 years from May 19, 2005, being the date on
which the Trust Deed
was executed.
The Financial Statements of the Trust have been prepared in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as
adopted by the European Union. As applied to the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust, there are
no material differences with
IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The accounting policies are set out
in Note 3. The Financial
Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The preparation of Financial
Statements in conformity with IFRS
requires the use of certain accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its
judgement in the process of applying the
Trusts accounting policies. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The financial results
of the Trust are included in the
Consolidated and Parent Company Financial Statements of Royal Dutch Shell. The Financial Statements
were approved and
authorised for issue on March 12, 2008, by the Directors of Lloyds TSB Offshore Trust Company
Limited, as Trustee.
3
ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
202
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Accounting policies follow those of Shell as set out in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements on pages 117 to 121.
The following are the principal accounting policies of the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust.
FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY
The functional currency of the Trust is sterling. The Trust dividend income and dividends paid are
principally in sterling.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
Income and expense items denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are
translated into the functional currency at
the rate ruling on their transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities recorded in currencies
other than the functional currency have
been expressed in the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the respective balance
sheet dates. Differences on translation
are included in the Statement of Income.
TAXATION
The Trust is not subject to taxation.
DIVIDEND INCOME
Interim dividends declared on the Dividend Access Share are recognised on a paid basis unless the
dividend has been confirmed by a
general meeting of Shell Transport, in which case income is recognised based on the record date of
the dividend by Royal Dutch Shell
on its Class B shares.
The Capital account is represented by the Dividend Access Share of 25 pence settled in the Trust by
Shell Transport.
Distributions are made to the Class B shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell in accordance with the
Trust Deed. Unclaimed dividends
amounted to £444,639 as at December 31, 2007 (2006: £27,465; 2005: nil), which are not included in
distributions made. Amounts
are recorded as distributed once a wire transfer or cheque is issued. All cheques are valid for one
year from the date of issue. Any wire
transfers that are not completed are replaced by cheques. To the extent that cheques expire or are
returned unpresented, the Trust
records a liability for unclaimed dividends and a corresponding amount of cash.
Auditors remuneration for audit services during the year was £35,000 (2006: £35,000; 2005:
£35,000).
The Trust, in its normal course of business, is not subject to market risk, credit risk or
liquidity risk. The Trustees do not consider that
any foreign exchange exposures will materially affect the operations of the Trust.
8
RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS
Shell Transport, a signatory to the Trust Deed, issued a Dividend Access Share to the Trustee of
the Trust. The Trust received
dividend income of £1,930 million (2006: £1,837 million; 2005: £870 million) in respect of the
Dividend Access Share. The Trust
made distributions of £1,930 million (2006: £1,837 million; 2005: £869 million) to the Class B
shareholders of Royal Dutch Shell, a
signatory to the Trust Deed.
Royal Dutch Shell plc
203
Additional shareholder information (unaudited)
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
The Annual General Meeting of Royal Dutch Shell plc
will be held at the Circustheater, Circusstraat 4 in
The Hague, The Netherlands at 11 a.m. (Dutch time) on
May 20, 2008, with an audio-visual link to a satellite
meeting place at The Barbican Centre, London UK at 10
a.m. (UK time).
CLASS A AND CLASS B SHARES
Royal Dutch Shell has two classes of shares Class A
shares and Class B shares. The Class A shares and Class B
shares have identical rights except in relation to the
dividend source. Dividends having a Dutch source are
intended to be paid to holders of Class A shares and
dividends having a UK source are intended to be paid to
holders of Class B shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROYAL DUTCH SHELL LISTING INFORMATION |
|
|
|
|
Class A shares |
|
|
Class B shares |
|
Ticker symbol London |
|
RDSA |
|
RDSB |
|
Ticker symbol Amsterdam |
|
RDSA |
|
RDSB |
|
Ticker symbol - New York (ADR[A]) |
|
RDS.A |
|
RDS.B |
|
ISIN Code |
|
GB00B03MLX29 |
|
GB00B03MM408 |
|
CUSIP |
|
G7690A100 |
|
G7690A118 |
|
SEDOL Number London |
|
B03MLX2 |
|
B03MM40 |
SEDOL Number Euronext |
|
B09CBL4 |
|
B09CBN6 |
Weighting on FTSE as at 31/12/07 |
|
|
4.953 |
% |
|
|
3.777 |
% |
Weighting on AEX as at 31/12/07 |
|
|
18.897 |
% |
|
not included |
|
|
[A] One ADR is equal to two underlying shares. |
SHARE PRICES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDSA AND ROYAL DUTCH ORDINARY SHARES AMSTERDAM[A] |
|
|
|
|
|
RDSA |
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Dutch ordinary shares |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2005[B] |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
|
(Jan 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
|
Sep 30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
|
31.35 |
|
|
|
28.53 |
|
|
|
27.67 |
|
|
|
|
28.38 |
|
|
|
22.02 |
|
|
|
22.29 |
|
Low |
|
|
|
23.72 |
|
|
|
24.32 |
|
|
|
24.12 |
|
|
|
|
20.92 |
|
|
|
18.30 |
|
|
|
16.68 |
|
Year end |
|
|
|
28.75 |
|
|
|
26.72 |
|
|
|
25.78 |
|
|
|
|
25.80 |
|
|
|
21.18 |
|
|
|
20.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDSA LONDON |
|
pence |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
2,152 |
|
|
|
1,974 |
|
|
|
1,894 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low |
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
|
1,661 |
|
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year end |
|
|
2,111 |
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
1,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDS CLASS A ADRs AND ROYAL DUTCH
NEW YORK SHARES NEW
YORK[C] |
$ |
|
|
|
|
RDS Class A ADRs |
|
|
|
Royal Dutch ordinary shares |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2005[D] |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
|
(Jan 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
|
Sep 30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
|
88.31 |
|
|
|
72.38 |
|
|
|
68.08 |
|
|
|
|
67.45 |
|
|
|
57.79 |
|
|
|
52.70 |
|
Low |
|
|
|
62.71 |
|
|
|
60.17 |
|
|
|
57.79 |
|
|
|
|
55.37 |
|
|
|
45.79 |
|
|
|
36.69 |
|
Year end |
|
|
|
84.20 |
|
|
|
70.79 |
|
|
|
61.49 |
|
|
|
|
62.80 |
|
|
|
57.38 |
|
|
|
52.39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDSB AMSTERDAM |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
32.20 |
|
|
|
30.04 |
|
|
|
28.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low |
|
|
23.64 |
|
|
|
25.18 |
|
|
|
25.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year end |
|
|
28.46 |
|
|
|
26.66 |
|
|
|
27.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDSB AND SHELL TRANSPORT ORDINARY SHARES LONDON[E] |
|
pence |
|
|
|
RDSB |
|
|
Shell Transport Ordinary Shares |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
(Jan 1 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
Jul 19) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
2,071 |
|
|
|
1,968 |
|
|
|
1,991 |
|
|
|
1,570 |
|
|
|
1,531 |
|
Low |
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
1,717 |
|
|
|
1,528 |
|
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
1,154 |
|
Year end |
|
|
2,090 |
|
|
|
1,790 |
|
|
|
1,858 |
|
|
|
1,838 |
|
|
|
1,545 |
|
|
|
1,446 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RDS CLASS B ADRs AND SHELL TRANSPORT ADRs NEW YORK[F] |
$ |
|
|
|
RDS Class B ADRs |
|
|
Shell Transport ADRs |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Jul 20 to |
|
|
(Jan 1 to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 31) |
|
|
Jul 19) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High |
|
|
87.94 |
|
|
|
74.93 |
|
|
|
70.94 |
|
|
|
69.86 |
|
|
|
59.98 |
|
|
|
52.42 |
|
Low |
|
|
62.20 |
|
|
|
62.75 |
|
|
|
60.69 |
|
|
|
57.75 |
|
|
|
45.38 |
|
|
|
37.45 |
|
Year end |
|
|
83.00 |
|
|
|
71.15 |
|
|
|
64.53 |
|
|
|
64.56 |
|
|
|
59.63 |
|
|
|
52.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Pursuant to the terms of the Unification, holders of Royal Dutch ordinary shares received two Royal
Dutch Shell plc Class A ordinary shares for each Royal Dutch ordinary share. To assist comparison,
the historical prices of the Royal Dutch ordinary shares have been divided by 2 to reflect such
exchange ratio. |
|
[B] |
|
Royal Dutch ordinary shares continued to trade on Euronext Amsterdam following the completion of
the Unification until such shares were delisted on September 30, 2005. |
|
[C] |
|
Pursuant to the terms of the Unification, holders of Royal Dutch New York Shares received one Royal
Dutch Shell plc Class A ADR for each Royal Dutch New York Share. Each Royal Dutch Shell plc
Class A ADR represents two Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A ordinary shares. |
|
[D] |
|
The New York Stock Exchange halted trading in the Royal Dutch New York Shares on October 3,
2005, following delisting in Amsterdam, and resumed trading in the Royal Dutch New York Shares
on October 31, 2005, following the joint public announcement by Royal Dutch Shell and Royal
Dutch of the definitive terms of the legal merger between Royal Dutch and its wholly owned
subsidiary Shell Petroleum N.V., in which all outstanding Royal Dutch shares were exchanged for 52.21
(or the equivalent in loan notes). The table excludes trading in Royal Dutch New York Shares for the
period from October 3, 2005, through their delisting on November 21, 2005. |
|
[E] |
|
Pursuant to the terms of the Unification, holders of Shell Transport Ordinary Shares (including Shell
Transport Ordinary Shares to which holders of Shell Transport bearer warrants were entitled) received
0.287333066 Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B ordinary shares for each Shell Transport Ordinary Share.
To assist comparison, the historical prices of the Shell Transport Ordinary Shares have been divided by
0.287333066 to reflect such exchange ratio. |
|
[F] |
|
Pursuant to the terms of the Unification, holders of Shell Transport ADRs received 0.861999198
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B ADRs for each Shell Transport ADR. To assist comparison, the
historical prices of the Shell Transport ADRs have been divided by 0.861999198 to reflect such
exchange ratio. Each Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B ADR represents two Royal Dutch Shell plc Class
B ordinary shares. |
204 Royal Dutch Shell plc
CAPITAL GAINS TAX
For the purposes of UK capital gains tax, the
market values of the companys shares were:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HISTORICAL INFORMATION RELATING TO: |
|
|
£ |
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
July 20, |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Royal Dutch Petroleum Company
|
|
|
1.1349 |
|
|
|
17.6625 |
|
(N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij)
which ceased to exist on December 21, 2005. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share prices have been restated where necessary to reflect all
capitalisation issues since the relevant date. This includes the
change in the capital structure following the Unification
of Royal Dutch and Shell Transport where one Royal
Dutch share was exchanged for two Royal Dutch Shell plc
Class A ordinary shares. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Shell Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c.
|
|
|
1.4502 |
|
|
Not |
which delisted on July 19, 2005. |
|
|
|
|
|
applicable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share prices have been restated where necessary to reflect
all capitalisation issues since the relevant date. This includes
the change in the capital structure following the Unification
of Royal Dutch and Shell Transport where one Shell
Transport share was exchanged for 0.287333066 Royal
Dutch Shell plc Class B ordinary shares. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIVIDENDS
Royal Dutch Shell intends to pay quarterly dividends
and to grow the dividend at least in line with
inflation over a number of years. On February 1, 2007
the Board announced that going forward the inflation
level will be based on inflation levels in global
developed economies, rather than a blend of European
inflation rates. Dividend growth going forward will be
measured in US dollars.
On February 1, 2007 the Board also announced that,
effective from the first quarter 2007, dividends will be
declared in US dollars rather than euros. The company
will announce the euro and pound sterling equivalent
amounts at the same time as the US dollar declaration,
using an exchange rate from the day before the
declaration date.
Dividends declared on A shares are paid by default in
euros, although holders of A shares are able to elect to
receive dividend in pounds sterling. Dividends declared
on B shares are paid by default in pound sterling,
although holders of B shares are able to elect to receive
dividend in euros. Dividends declared on ADRs are paid in
US dollars. Eligible shareholders must make currency
elections by the day before the declaration date.
It is expected that holders of Class B ordinary shares
will receive dividends through the dividend access
mechanism applicable to such shares. The dividend
access mechanism is described more fully in
Supplementary Information Control of registrant
(unaudited) Rights attaching to shares.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLASS A AND B SHARES |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Q1 |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q2 |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q3 |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q4 |
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLASS A SHARES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007[A] |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Q1 |
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
[B] |
Q2 |
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
Q3 |
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
Q4 |
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
Total declared during the year |
|
|
1.01 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
0.92 |
|
|
|
|
Amount paid during the year |
|
|
1.02 |
|
|
|
0.98 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLASS B
SHARES[C] |
|
pence |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Q1 |
|
|
18.09 |
|
|
|
17.13 |
|
|
|
15.84 |
[B] |
Q2 |
|
|
17.56 |
|
|
|
17.08 |
|
|
|
15.89 |
|
Q3 |
|
|
17.59 |
|
|
|
16.77 |
|
|
|
15.64 |
|
Q4 |
|
|
18.11 |
|
|
|
16.60 |
|
|
|
15.64 |
|
|
|
|
Total declared during the year |
|
|
71.35 |
|
|
|
67.58 |
|
|
|
63.01 |
|
|
|
|
Amount paid during the year |
|
|
69.84 |
|
|
|
66.62 |
|
|
|
84.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLASS A ADRs |
|
$ |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Q1 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.59 |
[B] |
Q2 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
Q3 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
Q4 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.65 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
Total declared during the year |
|
|
2.88 |
|
|
|
2.54 |
|
|
|
2.26 |
|
|
|
|
Amount paid during the year |
|
|
2.81 |
|
|
|
2.45 |
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLASS B ADRs |
|
$ |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
Q1 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
[B] |
Q2 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
Q3 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
Q4 |
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.65 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
Total declared during the year |
|
|
2.88 |
|
|
|
2.54 |
|
|
|
2.24 |
|
|
|
|
Amount paid during the year |
|
|
2.81 |
|
|
|
2.45 |
|
|
|
3.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Euro
equivalent. |
|
[B] |
|
Historical data converted to Royal Dutch Shell equivalents. |
|
[C] |
|
Sterling
equivalent. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 205
ADDITIONAL SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN (DRIP)
A DRIP is offered on both classes of shares and,
depending on how an investor holds shares, is offered by
either Equiniti (formerly Lloyds TSB Registrars) or ABN
AMRO. DRIPs for ADRs traded on the NYSE are offered by
The Bank of New York Mellon.
EQUINITI
The DRIP operated by Equiniti is available to investors
in respect of shares held directly in the Royal Dutch
Shell Nominee or on the Royal Dutch Shell plc share
register. You will be liable for tax on dividends
reinvested on the same basis as if you had received the
cash and arranged the purchase of shares yourself.
ABN AMRO
The DRIP operated by ABN AMRO is available to
shareholders who hold their shares via Euroclear
Nederland through an admitted institution of Euroclear
Nederland and are expecting to receive the dividend in
the default currency for Class A ordinary and Class B
ordinary shares.
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
The Bank of New York Mellon maintains a (Global
BuyDIRECTsm) plan for the Royal Dutch Shell
Class A ADRs, available to registered holders and
first time investors and a DRIP for the Class B ADRs
available to registered ADR holders.
Tax consequences of participation in the plan may vary
depending upon the tax residence of the shareholder and
the class of shares held. Holders of Class A ordinary
shares should note that it is the net dividend that will
be reinvested.
To participate, or if you have any further questions,
please call your bank or broker if your shareholding is
through Euroclear Nederland, The Bank of New York Mellon
if enquiries relate to ADRs and Equiniti for all other
shareholders.
|
INDEXED SHARE PRICE |
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class A / AEX Index |
Index: December 31, 2002 = 100
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc Class B / FTSE 100 Index |
Index: December 31, 2002 = 100
|
|
|
FINANCIAL CALENDAR |
|
|
Financial year ends |
|
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
Announcements |
|
|
Full year results for 2007 |
|
January 31, 2008 |
First quarter results for 2008 |
|
April 29, 2008 |
Second quarter results for 2008 |
|
July 31, 2008 |
Third quarter results for 2008 |
|
October 30, 2008 |
|
|
|
Dividends ordinary shares Class A and Class B including ADRs |
|
|
2007 Fourth quarter interim[A] |
|
|
|
Announced |
|
January 31, 2008 |
Ex-dividend date |
|
February 6, 2008 |
Record date |
|
February 8, 2008 |
Payment date |
|
March 12, 2008 |
|
|
|
2008 First quarter interim |
|
|
|
Announced |
|
April 29, 2008 |
Ex-dividend date |
|
May 14, 2008 |
Record date |
|
May 16, 2008 |
Payment date |
|
June 11, 2008 |
|
|
|
2008 Second quarter interim |
|
|
|
Announced |
|
July 31, 2008 |
Ex-dividend date |
|
August 6, 2008 |
Record date |
|
August 8, 2008 |
Payment date |
|
September 10, 2008 |
|
|
|
2008 Third quarter interim |
|
|
|
Announced |
|
October 30, 2008 |
Ex-dividend date |
|
November 5, 2008 |
Record date |
|
November 7, 2008 |
Payment date |
|
December 10, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
Annual General Meeting |
|
May 20, 2008 |
|
[A] The Directors do not propose to recommend any further distribution in respect of 2007. |
206 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATES[A] |
|
1 = $ |
|
|
|
Average[B] |
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
Period end |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
1.1411 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
1.2478 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
1.2400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
1.2661 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
1.3797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Month: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3286 |
|
|
|
1.2904 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3246 |
|
|
|
1.2933 |
|
|
|
|
|
March |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3374 |
|
|
|
1.3094 |
|
|
|
|
|
April |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3660 |
|
|
|
1.3363 |
|
|
|
|
|
May |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3616 |
|
|
|
1.3419 |
|
|
|
|
|
June |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3526 |
|
|
|
1.3295 |
|
|
|
|
|
July |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3831 |
|
|
|
1.3592 |
|
|
|
|
|
August |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3808 |
|
|
|
1.3402 |
|
|
|
|
|
September |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4219 |
|
|
|
1.3606 |
|
|
|
|
|
October |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4468 |
|
|
|
1.4092 |
|
|
|
|
|
November |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4862 |
|
|
|
1.4435 |
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4759 |
|
|
|
1.4344 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4877 |
|
|
|
1.4574 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5187 |
|
|
|
1.4495 |
|
|
|
|
|
As at February 29, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.5187 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATES[A] |
|
£1 = $ |
|
|
|
Average[B] |
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
Period end |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
1.6450 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
1.8356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
1.8154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
1.8582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2.0073 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Month: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9847 |
|
|
|
1.9305 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9699 |
|
|
|
1.9443 |
|
|
|
|
|
March |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9694 |
|
|
|
1.9235 |
|
|
|
|
|
April |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0061 |
|
|
|
1.9608 |
|
|
|
|
|
May |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9993 |
|
|
|
1.9695 |
|
|
|
|
|
June |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0063 |
|
|
|
1.9657 |
|
|
|
|
|
July |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0626 |
|
|
|
2.0114 |
|
|
|
|
|
August |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0426 |
|
|
|
1.9813 |
|
|
|
|
|
September |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0389 |
|
|
|
1.9920 |
|
|
|
|
|
October |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0777 |
|
|
|
2.0279 |
|
|
|
|
|
November |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1104 |
|
|
|
2.0478 |
|
|
|
|
|
December |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.0658 |
|
|
|
1.9774 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9895 |
|
|
|
1.9515 |
|
|
|
|
|
February |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9923 |
|
|
|
1.9405 |
|
|
|
|
|
As at February 29, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.9864 |
|
|
|
|
|
[A] |
|
Exchange rates are based upon the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs
purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. |
|
[B] |
|
Calculated by using the average of the exchange rates on the last business day of each month during the year. |
Royal Dutch Shell plc 207
Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
Page No. |
1.1
|
|
Memorandum of Association of Royal Dutch Shell plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration
Statement on Form F-4
(Registration No. 333-125037) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May
18, 2005. |
|
|
1.2
|
|
Articles of Association of Royal Dutch Shell plc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3) to the Report on
Form 6-K of Royal Dutch Shell plc furnished
to the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2005. |
|
|
2
|
|
Dividend Access Trust Deed (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the Annual Report for fiscal year ended
December 31, 2006, on Form 20-F
(File no 001-32575) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2007). |
|
|
4.2
|
|
Shell Provident Fund Regulations
and Trust Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the
Post-Effective Amendment to Registration Statement
on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-126715) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on June 18, 2007). |
|
|
4.3
|
|
Form of Director Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Annual Report for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 2005,
on Form 20-F (File No. 001-32575) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
March 13, 2006). |
|
|
4.4
|
|
Senior Debt Securities Indenture
dated June 27, 2006, among Shell International Finance B.V., as issuer, Royal
Dutch Shell plc, as guarantor, and
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration
Statement on Form F-3 (Registration
No. 333-126726) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2005,
amended from then and to be dated as of
June 27, 2006, and with the parties signatures). |
|
|
4.5
|
|
Form of Directors Letter of appointments (incorporated by reference to Exhibits 4.5 4.11 to the Annual Report
for fiscal year ended December 31,
2006, on Form 20-F (File No. 001-325751) of Royal Dutch Shell plc filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on March 13, 2007). |
|
|
7.1
|
|
Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
|
|
E1 |
7.2
|
|
Calculation of Return on Average Capital Employed (ROACE) (incorporated by reference to pages 60 and 61 herein). |
|
|
7.3
|
|
Calculation of gearing ratio (incorporated by reference to page 61 and Note 19[D] to the Consolidated Financial
Statements on page 138 herein). |
|
|
8
|
|
Significant Shell subsidiaries as at December 31, 2007.
|
|
E2 |
12.1
|
|
Section 302 Certification of Royal Dutch Shell plc.
|
|
E5 |
12.2
|
|
Section 302 Certification of Royal Dutch Shell plc.
|
|
E6 |
13.1
|
|
Section 906 Certification of Royal Dutch Shell plc.
|
|
E7 |
99.1
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, London.
|
|
E8 |
99.2
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, London relating to the Royal Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust.
|
|
E9 |
|
208 Royal Dutch Shell plc
Signatures
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F
and that it has duly caused and authorised the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on Form 20-F
on its behalf.
|
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jeroen van der Veer |
|
|
Chief Executive |
|
|
|
|
|
March 12, 2008 |
|
|
Royal Dutch Shell plc 209
Contact information
REGISTERED OFFICE
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Shell Centre
London SE1 7NA
United Kingdom
Registered
in England and Wales
Company number 4366849
Registered with the Dutch Trade
Register under
number 34179503
HEADQUARTERS
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30
2596 HR The Hague
The Netherlands
SHARE REGISTRAR
Equiniti
Aspect House, Spencer Road
Lancing, West Sussex BN99 6DA
United Kingdom
Freephone 0800 169 1679 (UK only)
Tel +44 (0)121 415 7073
Fax 0871 384
2100[A] (UK only)
www.shareview.co.uk for online
information about your holding.
Shareholder reference number will
be required shown on your share
certificates, tax vouchers or your
Shell Nominee Statement.
AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
(ADRS)
The Bank of New York Mellon
Investor Services
PO Box 11258
Church Street Station
New York, NY 10286-1258
USA
Tel 888 737 2377 (USA only)
Tel +1 201 680 6825 (international)
E-mail shareowners@bankofny.com
www.stockbny.com
CORPORATE ISA/PEP
BNP Paribas Securities Services
Block C, Western House
Lynchwood Business Park
Peterborough PE2 6BP
United Kingdom
Tel +44 (0)845 358 1102
[A] |
|
Calls to 0871 numbers are charged at 8p per minute from a
BT landline. Other telephone providers costs may vary. |
RETAIL SHAREHOLDERS
For shareholder information,
visit www.shell.com/shareholder
Enquiries
from retail shareholders may be
addressed to:
Shareholder Relations
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30
2596 HR The Hague
The Netherlands
Tel +31 (0)70 377 1365/4088
Fax +31 (0)70 377 3953
E-mail royaldutchshell.shareholders@shell.com
or
Shareholder Relations
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Shell Centre
London SE1 7NA
United Kingdom
Tel +44 (0)20 7934 3363
Fax +44 (0)20 7934 7515
E-mail royaldutchshell.shareholders@shell.com
For any other retail
shareholder enquiries please
write to:
Company Secretary
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Carel van Bylandtlaan 30
2596 HR The Hague
The Netherlands
INVESTOR RELATIONS
For investor relations information,
visit www.shell.com/investor
Enquiries from institutional
shareholders may be directed
to:
Investor Relations
Royal Dutch Shell plc
PO Box 162
2501 AN The Hague
The Netherlands
Tel +31 (0)70 377 4540
Fax +31 (0)70 377 3115
E-mail ir-hague@shell.com
or
Investor Relations
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Tel +44 (0)20 7934 3856
Fax +44 (0)20 7934 3702
E-mail ir-london@shell.com
or
Investor Relations
Shell Oil Company
630 Fifth Avenue Suite 3166
New York, NY 10111
USA
Tel +1 212 218 3113
Fax +1 212 218 3114
E-mail ir-newyork@shell.com
Designed by Flag
Cover illustration by Tim Bradford
Board photography by Jaap van den Beukel
Printed by Taylor Bloxham under ISO 14001
Shell annual reports
Annual Review and Summary
Financial Statements 2007
A summarised overview of Shell.
www.shell.com/annualreport
Jaaroverzicht en verkorte
jaarrekening 2007
Dutch language version.
www.shell.com/annualreport
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Shell Technology Report
An overview of 27 advanced technologies.
www.shell.com/technology
Shell General Business Principles
Fundamental principles that govern how each Shell company conducts
its affairs.
www.shell.com/sgbp
Shell Code of Conduct
Provides standards of behaviour expected from employees.
www.shell.com/codeofconduct
AVAILABLE FROM
Royal Dutch Shell plc
c/o Bankside
Tel +44 (0)1635 232 700
E-mail bbs@shellbankside.co.uk
Annual Report/20-F Service for
US residents Tel (888) 400 7789
More information is available at
www.shell.com
Annual Report and Form 20-F for
the year ended December 31, 2007
A comprehensive overview of Shell.
www.shell.com/annualreport
Financial and Operational
Information 2003-2007
(available May 2008)
Five years financial and operational information, including
maps of exploration and production activities.
www.shell.com/faoi
Shell Sustainability Report 2007
(available May 2008)
Report on progress in contributing to
sustainable development.
www.shell.com/responsibleenergy
exv7w1
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 7.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calculation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
Pre-tax income from continuing operations before income from equity investees |
|
|
42,342 |
|
|
|
37,957 |
|
|
|
37,444 |
|
|
|
26,644 |
|
Total fixed charges |
|
|
2,380 |
|
|
|
2,258 |
|
|
|
1,958 |
|
|
|
1,685 |
|
Distributed income from equity investees |
|
|
6,955 |
|
|
|
5,488 |
|
|
|
6,709 |
|
|
|
4,190 |
|
Less: interest capitalised |
|
|
667 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
Less: preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Total earnings |
|
|
51,010 |
|
|
|
45,139 |
|
|
|
45,677 |
|
|
|
32,303 |
|
|
Interest expensed and capitalised |
|
|
1,775 |
|
|
|
1,713 |
|
|
|
1,494 |
|
|
|
1,267 |
|
Interest within rental expense |
|
|
605 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
|
409 |
|
Less: preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Total fixed charges |
|
|
2,380 |
|
|
|
2,258 |
|
|
|
1,958 |
|
|
|
1,685 |
|
|
Ratio earnings/fixed charges |
|
|
21.43 |
|
|
|
19.99 |
|
|
|
23.33 |
|
|
|
19.17 |
|
|
E1 Royal Dutch Shell plc
exv8
EXHIBIT
8
Significant subsidiaries
Significant subsidiaries at December 31, 2007, and Shells percentage of share capital (to the
nearest whole number) are set out below. All of these subsidiaries have been included in the
Consolidated Financial Statements of Shell on pages 112 to 161. Those held directly by the Company
are marked with an asterisk(*). A complete list of investments in subsidiary and associated
companies and jointly controlled entities will be attached to the Companys annual return made to
the Registrar of Companies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of |
|
|
|
|
Subsidiary undertakings |
|
% |
|
|
incorporation |
|
Principal activities |
|
Class of shares held |
Shell Energy Holdings Australia Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Australia
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable Preference, Ordinary |
Shell Gabon Holdings Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Iran Offshore Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Oman Trading Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Deepwater Borneo Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Borneo
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Americas Funding (Canada) ULC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Olie-OG Gasudvinding Danmark Pipelines ApS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Denmark
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Gabon
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
Gabon
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Algeria Reggane GmbH
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Algeria Zerafa GmbH
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Erdgas Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Verwaltungsgesellschaft fur Erdgasbeteiligungen mbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Italia E&P SpA
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Italy
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Exploration New Zealand Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
New Zealand
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Exploration & Production Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Exploration Properties Alpha Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Exploration Properties Beta Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Offshore Prospecting Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Ultra Deep Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Upstream Ventures Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
A/S Norske Shell
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Norway
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Enterprise Oil Norge AS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Norway
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell E&P Ireland Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Republic of Ireland
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
B.V. Dordtsche Petroleum Maatschappij
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Abu Dhabi B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell E&P Offshore Services B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Egypt Deepwater B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Egypt N.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell EP Middle East Holdings B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Exploration and Production Investments B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Exploration B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International Exploration and Production B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Kazakhstan Development B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable, Non-Redeemable |
Shell Offshore North Gabon B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Olie-OG Gasudvinding Danmark B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Philippines Exploration B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable, Non-Redeemable |
Shell Sakhalin Holdings B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Technology Ventures B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Syria Shell Petroleum Development B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable, Non-Redeemable |
Enterprise Oil Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Enterprise Oil Middle East Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Enterprise Oil U.K. Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Private Oil Holdings Oman Ltd
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Saxon Oil Miller Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell China Exploration and Production Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell EP Offshore Ventures Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Exploration and Production Oman Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Property Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell U.K. Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
The Mexican Eagle Oil Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Pecten Brazil Exploration Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Pecten Cameroon Company LLC
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Pecten Victoria Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Exploration & Production Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Frontier Oil & Gas Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International Pipelines Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Oil Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Philippines LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Equity |
SWEPI LP
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
Partnership capital |
Royal Dutch Shell plc E2
EXHIBITS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of |
|
|
|
|
Subsidiary undertakings |
|
% |
|
|
incorporation |
|
Principal activities |
|
Class of shares held |
Shell Development (Australia) PTY Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Australia
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Western Supply & Trading Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Barbados
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Nominative |
Qatar Shell GTL Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Bermuda (Overseas) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Overseas Holdings (Oman) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Coral Cibola Canada Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Energy North America (Canada) Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary, Preference |
Shell Energy Deutschland GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Equity |
Shell Erneuerbare Energien GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Ferngasbeteiligungsgesellschaft mbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Sarawak Shell Berhad
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Malaysia Trading Sendirian Berhad
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell MDS (Malaysia) Sendirian Berhad
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Redeemable Preference, Ordinary |
Shell Nigeria Gas Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Eastern Trading (PTE) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Redeemable Preference, Ordinary |
Shell Tankers (Singapore) Private Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Espana S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Spain
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Energy Europe B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Gas & Power International B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Gas B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Generating (Holding) B.V
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Global Solutions International B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Western LNG B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Energy Trading Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Gas Direct Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Tankers (UK) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
Coral Energy Resources, L.P.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Partnership capital |
Coral Power, L.L.C.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Equity |
Shell Energy North America (US) L.P.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Partnership capital |
Shell North American LNG
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Equity |
Shell Windenergy Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Gas & Power
|
|
Ordinary |
|
Shell Canada Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Oil Sands
|
|
Ordinary |
|
Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Argentina
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Nominative |
Shell Australia Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Australia
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Refining (Australia) Proprietary Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Australia
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
The Shell Company of Australia Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Australia
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Belgian Shell S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Belgium
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Saudi Arabia (Refining) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International Trading Middle East Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Brasil Ltda
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Brazil
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Quotas |
Shell Chile Sociedad Anonima Comercial e Industrial
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Chile
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Czech Republic Akciova Spolecnost
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Czech Republic
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
A/S Dansk Shell
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Denmark
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Butagaz SAS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Compagnie Rhenane de Raffinage S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Couronnaise de Raffinage SAS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Europe Service Restauration S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
J.P. Industrie SAS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
STE d Exploitation de Stations-Service dAutoroutes
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
STE de Gestion Mobiliere et Immobiliere S.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
STE des Petroles Shell SAS
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Deutsche Shell GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Deutsche Shell Holding Gmbh
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Direct GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Direct Services GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Hellas A.E.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Greece
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Nominative |
Shell Hong Kong Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell India Marketing Private Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
India
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Equity |
Shell Italia S.P.A.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Italy
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell New Zealand Holding company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
New Zealand
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Pakistan Ltd
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
Pakistan
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
Philippines
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Polska SP. Z O.O.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Poland
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Asiatic Petroleum Company (Dublin) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Republic of Ireland
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Aviation Ireland Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Republic of Ireland
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Eastern Petroleum (PTE) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Redeemable Preference, Ordinary |
Shell Slovakia S.R.O.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Slovakia
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Equity |
Shell South Africa Energy (PTY) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
South Africa
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
E3 Royal Dutch Shell plc
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of |
|
|
|
|
Subsidiary undertakings |
|
% |
|
|
incorporation |
|
Principal activities |
|
Class of shares held |
Shell South Africa Marketing (PTY) Ltd
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
South Africa
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
AB Svenska Shell
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Sweden
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Raffinaderi A.B.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Sweden
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Oliecentrale Nederland B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nederland B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nederland Raffinaderij B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nederland Verkoopmaatschappij B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Trademark Management B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Tankstation Exploitatie Maatschappij Nederland B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Caribbean Investments Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell U.K. Oil Products Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
The Shell Company (W.I.) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
The Shell Company of Thailand Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Trading International Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Oil Porducts
|
|
Ordinary |
Equilon Enterprises LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Equity |
Jiffy Lube International Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Pennzoil-Quaker State Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Pipeline Company LP
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Equity |
Shell Trading (US) Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
SOPC Holdings East LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Equity |
SOPC Holdings West LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
TMR Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Oil Products
|
|
Ordinary |
|
Shell Trading (M.E.) Private Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Redeemable Preference, Ordinary |
Shell Chemicals Americas Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Chemicals Canada Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Canada
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary, Preference |
Shell Petrochimie Mediterranee S.A.S.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
France
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Germany
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Tongyi (Beijing) Petroleum Chemical Co. Ltd.
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
Peoples Republic of China
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Tongyi (Xianyang) Petroleum Chemical Co. Ltd
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
Peoples Republic of China
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Chemical Yabucoa Inc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Ethylene Glycols (Singapore) Pte. Ltd
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Chemicals Seraya PTE Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Seraya Pioneer (PTE) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Chemicals Europe B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International Chemicals B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Montell Holding I B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Nederland Chemie B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell Chemicals U.K. Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
SCOGI Louisiana Holdings LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Equity |
Shell Chemical Capital Company
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Chemical LP
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Partnership capital |
Shell Chemicals Arabia LLC
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Chemicals
|
|
Ordinary |
International Energy Bank Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Barbados
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Bermuda (Overseas) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Solen Insurance Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bermuda
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Hong Kong Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Luxembourg SARL
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Luxembourg
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Centre East (PTE) Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Singapore
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Finance Switzerland AG
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Switzerland
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Solen Versicherungen AG
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
Switzerland
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Registered, Voting |
Shell Finance (Netherlands) B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell International Finance B.V.*
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Petroleum N.V. *
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Netherlands B.V.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
the Netherlands
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Energy Investments Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell Finance (U.K.) plc
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Overseas Holdings Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Centre Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Dollar Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell Treasury Euro Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Redeemable, Ordinary |
Shell Treasury UK Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
The Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United Kingdom
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary, Preference |
S T Exchange, Inc.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Information Technology Inc.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Shell Petroleum Inc.
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
United States of America
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Ordinary |
Royal Dutch Shell plc E4
exv12w1
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 12.1
I, Jeroen van der Veer, certify that:
1. |
|
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of Royal Dutch Shell plc (the Company); |
|
2. |
|
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with
respect to the period covered by this report; |
|
3. |
|
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in
this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods
presented in this report; |
|
4. |
|
The Companys other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have: |
|
|
|
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made
known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
|
|
|
|
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles; |
|
|
|
|
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures and presented
in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based
on such evaluation; and |
|
|
|
|
Disclosed in this report any change in the Companys internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual
report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Companys internal control over financial reporting; |
5. |
|
The Companys other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Companys auditors and the
audit committee of the Companys Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent
functions): |
|
|
|
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the Companys ability to record, process, summarise and report financial
information; and |
|
|
|
|
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Companys internal control over
financial reporting. |
/s/ Jeroen van der Veer
Jeroen van der Veer
Chief Executive
March 12, 2008
E5 Royal Dutch Shell plc
exv12w2
EXHIBIT 12.2
I, Peter Voser, certify that:
1. |
|
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of Royal Dutch Shell plc (the Company); |
|
2. |
|
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with
respect to the period covered by this report; |
|
3. |
|
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in
this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods
presented in this report; |
|
4. |
|
The Companys other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company
and have: |
|
|
|
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made
known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
|
|
|
|
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles; |
|
|
|
|
Evaluated the effectiveness of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures and presented
in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based
on such evaluation; and |
|
|
|
|
Disclosed in this report any change in the Companys internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual
report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Companys internal control over financial reporting; |
5. |
|
The Companys other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
Companys auditors and the audit committee of the Companys Board of Directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions): |
|
|
|
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal
control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the Companys ability to record, process, summarise and report financial
information; and |
|
|
|
|
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a
significant role in the Companys internal control over
financial reporting. |
/s/ Peter Voser
Peter Voser
Chief Financial Officer
March 12, 2008
Royal Dutch Shell plc E6
exv13w1
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 13.1
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Royal Dutch Shell plc (the Company)
2007, a corporation organised under the laws of England and Wales for the period ending December
31, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report),
each of the undersigned officers of the Company certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to such officers knowledge,
that:
1) |
|
the Report fully complies, in all material respects, with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
|
2) |
|
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report. |
The foregoing certification is provided solely for purposes of complying with the provisions of
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is not intended to be used or relied upon for any
other purpose.
/s/ Jeroen van der Veer
Jeroen van der Veer
Chief Executive
/s/ Peter Voser
Peter Voser
Chief Financial Officer
March 12, 2008
E7 Royal Dutch Shell plc
exv99w1
EXHIBIT 99.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form F-3 (No.
333-126726, 333-126726-01) and the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-126715 and
333-141397) of Royal Dutch Shell plc of our report dated March 12, 2008, relating to the
Consolidated Financial Statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London UK
March 12, 2008
Royal Dutch Shell plc E8
exv99w2
EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
99.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form F-3 (No.
333-126726, 333-126726-01) and the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-126715) of the Royal
Dutch Shell Dividend Access Trust of our report dated March 12, 2008, relating to the Royal Dutch
Shell Dividend Access Trust Financial Statements, and the effectiveness of internal control over
financial reporting, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London UK
March 12, 2008
E9 Royal Dutch Shell plc